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Electronic credit facilities represent a significant banking innovation, employing technology in a manner that diverges from the established procedures associated with conventional credit. A credit deed that is not in accordance with the formal legal requirements is nevertheless considered to have legal force if the signature is recognized by the relevant parties. This thesis addresses the legal force and position of underhand credit agreements in commercial banks, as well as their suitability with the legal requirements of agreements according to the Civil Code and ITE Law, particularly in instances where the debtor subsequently rejects the signature. This thesis employs normative legal research methods to procure secondary data pertinent to the subject matter. The secondary data comprises primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are then subjected to qualitative analysis. The research demonstrates that the legal certainty of electronic credit agreements in commercial banks is regulated by the Civil Code Law Number 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, and OJK Regulation Number 38/POJK.03/2016 on the Application of Risk Management in the Use of Information Technology by Commercial Banks. In the event of a dispute over the rejection of an electronic signature in an agreement, the matter may be resolved through litigation after all other avenues of non-litigation have been exhausted. In electronic credit agreements, electronic signatures are recognized as valid evidence, thereby affording legal protection to creditors.

Violations of quarantine regulations in Batam City continue to occur to this day. Despite the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine, which replaced Law No. 16 of 1992 on the same subject and introduced stricter criminal sanctions for violations, there has still not been a deterrent effect on those bringing prohibited items without meeting quarantine requirements. This research addresses how the authority and implementation of quarantine investigators' powers are regulated in handling cases of animal entry that have bypassed the designated import and export points in Batam City, what obstacles or challenges quarantine investigators face, and the solutions at the Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Office of the Riau Archipelago at the Hang Nadim and Telaga Punggur Service Units. The research method combines normative legal research with empirical sociological approaches, utilizing both inductive and deductive methods to analyze and clarify the relationship between research variables and the research object. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive understanding that benefits readers, particularly future researchers and academics. The findings reveal ongoing uncertainty among quarantine investigators in enforcing quarantine regulations in Batam City. This issue arises from differing interpretations of Law No. 21 of 2019 among quarantine officers and the shortage of human resources, which affects investigators' focus on legal enforcement actions, including criminal sanctions. In Batam City, the resolution of quarantine regulation violations prioritizes the philosophy of "ultimum remedium" where punishment is seen as a last resort. Administrative sanctions for quarantine violations include quarantine detention, rejection, and/or destruction of the violating items.

This study aims to analyze the potential for social conflict in the development of Sadangserang Flats in Bandung City through a sustainable planning perspective. The research method uses a case study with data collection through in-depth interviews and source triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the potential for conflict arises from three main sources, namely changes in land use, inequality in the provision of residential units, and unclear land ownership status. Changes in the function of the Sadangserang Market and Sadangserang Terminal risk triggering rejection from traders and drivers. The imbalance of commercial units and subsidies can cause access conflicts for low-income groups. Uncertainty in land ownership status is also prone to disputes. Therefore, a sustainable planning strategy is needed that involves public participation, socio-economic surveys, and clarification of land status. Thus, it is hoped that Sadangserang Flats can provide optimal contribution to the provision of harmonious and equitable housing in Bandung City.

Disinformation in public services is a systemic problem that hampers bureaucratic efficiency and directly harms citizens, particularly in motor vehicle administration units with dynamic procedures and frequently changing regulations. This study aims to analyze the SHOLAWAT BRO (Sosialisasi Lewat Whatsapp Broadcasting) innovation as a WhatsApp Broadcasting-based digital public communication system developed by UPT SAMSAT Malang Utara and Batu Kota to address service disinformation. The analysis was conducted using two theoretical frameworks: Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory (2003) through five innovation attributes and Cangara's Digital Public Communication Model (2016) through six communication elements. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques consisting of in-depth interviews with seven informants, non-participatory observation, and documentation study, analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014) with data validity established through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that SHOLAWAT BRO fulfills all innovation diffusion attributes and public communication elements synergistically, resulting in a decrease in document rejection rates from 8.5 percent to 1.7 percent, an 88.35 percent reduction in disinformation complaints, an increase in the Community Satisfaction Index on the information aspect from 2.61 to 3.71 on a four-point scale, and a 734.8 percent growth in registered contacts over three years of implementation. This study concludes that SHOLAWAT BRO represents an effective, inclusive, and highly replicable anti-disinformation digital public communication model for other public service agencies in Indonesia within the framework of bureaucratic digital transformation.

Forensic autopsy is an examination of a corpse including external and internal examinations aimed at determining the cause of death. The number cases of rejection forensic autopsies in the community is caused by knowledge, religion, and culture. This study aims to view the perception of the people of Surau Gadang Village towards forensic autopsies in terms of knowledge, religion, and culture. This study was a descriptive study by using cross-sectional design. Sampling collection with simple random sampling technique. The primary data was taken by questionnaire with 99 respondents is the people of Surau Gadang Village who had met the inclusion criteria. Results: The results showed that from 99 people there were 84 female respondents (84,8%)  with the most age range 19-39 years (57,6%)  and most of the respondents have high school education or equal (59,6%). The results of the questionnaire data  showed that most respondents had a low level of knowledge (41.4%), religious perception was good (80.8%) and cultural perception was good (77.8%). The perception of the people of Surau Gadang Village towards forensic autopsies in terms of knowledge is low, but in terms of religion and culture the perceptions are good.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the English British Council in improving the English reading skills of second semester students at Bhinneka PGRI University in the academic year 2023/2024. The experimental method was conducted at the university, focusing on second semester students during that academic year, with a sample of 22 students. The results showed a significant improvement in reading skills after using the British Council English application in learning. The difference in scores between the pre-test (63.41) and post-test (89.55) showed the success of the app. The paired samples t-test confirmed the results with a significance of 0.000, indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis. In conclusion, the use of English British Council is effective in improving students' English reading skills

The process of repentance and life change does not happen overnight, but rather through a long journey full of challenges. Such challenges include fear and doubt, discomfort from old habits, rejection and criticism from others, temptations that can lead to setbacks, and the need for patience and perseverance. To overcome this challenge, believers are encouraged to always pray and ask God for forgiveness, read the Bible and listen to God, and put to death the lust of the flesh by taking up the cross, which means facing suffering and trials faithfully. Through these actions, a person's faith can grow strongly, enabling them to better face temptations and challenges. Ultimately, strong commitment and self-denial are the keys to living a new life in accordance with God's will.

Novels are a type of literary work in the form of prose that tells the story of the main character in it. The researcher's interest in the characters in the novel became the basis for the research by choosing the object of analysis in the novel “Sunyi adalah Minuman Keras” by Sapardi Djoko Damono. Focusing on the character's psychology as an understanding that is studied by researchers using elements of personality desires which include real, imaginary, symbolic from Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theory. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with stages of reading a novel, taking data according to Lacan's psychoanalytic concept (real, imaginary and symbolic), and interpreting the results of the analysis. The conclusions in the research show an understanding of the existence of personality desires in Rara which are classified into three elements with several aspects, namely real (memories and beliefs), imaginary (loving and rejection), and symbolic (delusions, desires and religious awareness).

Cyberbullying is bullying using digital technology. This can happen on social media, chat platforms, gaming platforms, and mobile phones. Meanwhile, according to Think Before Text, cyberbullying is aggressive and purposeful behavior carried out by a group or individual, using electronic media, repeatedly from time to time, against someone who is deemed not to easily resist this action. So, there is a difference in power between the perpetrator and the victim. The difference in strength in this case refers to a perception of physical and mental capacity. The nature of the research used is normative legal research and the data collection method used in this research is secondary data obtained through library research, namely by conducting research on various literature such as books, laws, with the aim of to look for concepts, or understandings related to the problem of Cyber ​​Bullying Behavior Due to Social Media Which Affects Teenagers. The physical impact of cyberbullying is that teenagers experience headaches, stomach aches, sleep disorders, fatigue, back pain, loss of appetite and digestive problems. Psychologically and emotionally, teenagers feel fear, feelings of terror, anxiety, suffering, sadness, stress and symptoms of depression. School is related to teenagers being less motivated to go to school and a decrease in concentration levels or academic grades. Psychosocially, adolescents have feelings of isolation and loneliness, exclusion and even social rejection. That a personality who is dominant and enjoys violence tends to be temperamental, impulsive, and easily frustrated and often behaves aggressively in adults. Personality characteristics have a fairly high role in a person's tendency to become a perpetrator of cyberbullying. A person with high self-esteem will show himself to have power over others. This is what makes cyberbullying perpetrators show that they are someone who is powerful by bullying weak people.

This research aims to analyze the liability of notaries who reject protokols from other notaries. To achieve the objectives of this research, a normative juridical research method was used. The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis. The results of the research and discussion concluded that rejecting a notary's protokol is not justified, because every notary is obliged to accept a notary's protokol from another notary, this is stated in the notary's appointment letter. The notary who holds the notary protokol only has the responsibility to secure state documents, submit minutes of the deed if needed, if there is a problem with the notarial protokol he receives, then the notary who is responsible remains the person who made the deed. Rejection of a notary's protokol is an unlawful act, this unlawful act falls into the category of administrative violation as well as the notary's code of ethics

This research aims to analyze the liability of notaries who reject protokols from other notaries. To achieve the objectives of this research, a normative juridical research method was used. The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis. The results of the research and discussion concluded that rejecting a notary's protokol is not justified, because every notary is obliged to accept a notary's protokol from another notary, this is stated in the notary's appointment letter. The notary who holds the notary protokol only has the responsibility to secure state documents, submit minutes of the deed if needed, if there is a problem with the notarial protokol he receives, then the notary who is responsible remains the person who made the deed. Rejection of a notary's protokol is an unlawful act, this unlawful act falls into the category of administrative violation as well as the notary's code of ethics.

This article constructs a Christian pastoral counseling framework for congregants who experience trauma caused by social rejection. Social rejection within family, peer, workplace, or church communities may wound identity, belonging, agency, and spiritual meaning; however, pastoral responses often remain either overly moralistic or merely consolatory. The objective of this study is to formulate a trauma-informed and theologically accountable model of pastoral counseling that can be used by local church ministers without replacing professional mental health care. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature review by synthesizing recent studies on trauma-informed care, social exclusion, religious coping, chaplaincy, and pastoral theology published before 2024. The analysis identifies five core findings: trauma from social rejection is primarily relational; pastoral care must begin with safety, consent, and validation; theological interpretation should resist victim-blaming; congregational belonging is part of recovery; and referral ethics are necessary when symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The proposed model integrates safe presence, narrative listening, theological reconstruction, communal restoration, and clinical referral. The implication is that churches need a pastoral counseling culture that protects wounded congregants from retraumatization while sustaining spiritual hope, relational repair, and responsible interdisciplinary collaboration.

Pronunciation skills are fundamental in English language learning, especially in the correct articulation of regular past tense verbs. However, students often experience difficulties in accurately pronouncing such verbs due to the differences between English spelling and pronunciation. To address this issue, this study investigated the effect of the English Language Speech Assistant (ELSA) application on the pronunciation ability of tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Pematang Siantar. This research utilized a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving 64 students divided equally into an experimental group (X-3) and a control group (X-9) selected through purposive sampling. The experimental group received instruction using the ELSA Speak application, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, then analysed using an independent sample t-test. The mean pre-test scores for the experimental and control groups were 50.34 and 50.21, respectively, while the mean post-test scores were 82.56 and 67.37. The t-test analysis revealed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Additionally, the computed t-value exceeded the t-table value (t-observed > t-table at df=62 and α=0.05), leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha) and the rejection of the null hypothesis (H₀). This indicates that there is a significant difference between students taught using the ELSA Speak application and those taught using conventional methods. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the ELSA Speak application significantly improves students’ pronunciation abilities in pronouncing English regular past tense verbs.

Indonesia is a unitary state with a lot of diversity, including various tribes, languages, religions, and cultures. Because it has so many differences, it is important for this nation to practice moderation in religion in order to prevent divisions that can damage the unity of the country. This research is educational and empirical. From the educational aspect, the focus is on the social aspect of religion in a multicultural society by emphasising the values of moderation. Meanwhile, from the empirical side, researchers will analyse the behaviour and actions of society in the practice of religious moderation. A country that is rich in diversity like Indonesia today often faces the issue of radicalism. Various groups that claim to represent certain interests are growing and openly spreading their ideologies. Therefore, religious moderation is an important element to encourage mutual understanding and respect for differences. It is hoped that this can be realised in harmony between religious communities in the midst of community life. The main objective of this study is to explore how to implement religious moderation as a strategic step to create a more inclusive and harmonious Indonesia in the future. The approach used in this study is a literature review, with a descriptive analysis style, namely examining documents and the implementation of religious moderation programmes in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the government faces various challenges in implementing religious moderation, such as rejection from conservative groups and lack of support from educational institutions. The conclusion of this study is that religious moderation is a key factor in building a harmonious and inclusive Indonesia. This can be achieved by increasing collaboration between the government, religious leaders, and the community in promoting the values of moderation. Thus, religious moderation can be a strong foundation for ensuring peace and social stability in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024. The research hypothesis is: “there is a positive and significant effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Ethics of Grade XI Students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige in the 2023/2024 Learning Year”. The population is all XI grade students majoring in BDP at SMK Negeri 2 Balige, Toba Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024, totaling 126 people. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling technique, namely students in class XI BDP 1 totaling 32 people as a control class using conventional methods and class XI BDP 3 totaling 32 people as an experimental class using Ice Breaking. This research method is a quantitative approach with a true experimental design method and with a post-test only control group design. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire item for variable Y as many as 30 items. Research data for questionnaires were analyzed using the Separated Variance t test formula. From the calculation results obtained the value of tcount = 4.337 > ttable (α = 5%) = 1.671. The tcount value is in the H0 rejection curve area and Ha acceptance. Thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there are differences in the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024 who are taught before and after ice breaking.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of implementing the jigsaw type cooperative learning model in increasing students' interest in learning in PAK & Characteristics subjects at St. Vocational School. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency, 2022/2023 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is: "There is a positive and significant influence of the jigsaw type cooperative model on the interest in learning PAK & Characteristics of class XI students at St. Vocational School. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency." The population is all students of class XI SMK St. Nahanson Parapat, North Tapanuli Regency, totaling 131 people. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique, namely 25 students in class XI TKJ 2 as the experimental class using the jigsaw type cooperative learning model and class This research method is a quantitative approach with a true experimental design method and a post-test only control group design. The instrument used in this research was a 22 item questionnaire. Research data for the questionnaire was analyzed using the Separated Variance t test formula. From the calculation results, the value of tcount = 3.993 > ttable(α=5%) = 2.064. The tcount value is in the curve area of ​​rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. Thus, it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence of the jigsaw type cooperative model on the interest in learning PAK & Characteristics of class XI students at St. Vocational School. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency. Differences in interest in learning PAK & Characteristics of class XI students at SMK St. Nahanson Parapat Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency, it is known that the average interest in learning PAK & Characteristics of students using the jigsaw type cooperative learning model is 3.27, higher than the average interest in learning PAK & Characteristics of students using the lecture learning model, namely 2. 87.  

This research aims to explore theological views on apostasy in the context of Christianity. Apostasy is defined as an act of rejection of one's faith and religious teachings, with a focus on serious spiritual consequences. The main source of insight is the Bible, which provides strong warnings against apostasy, highlighting specific passages such as Hebrews 6:4-6. This verse reflects the theological view that for those who consciously abandon the Christian faith, repentance may no longer be possible. This view reflects the serious spiritual consequences that can separate an individual from the presence of God. Although the Bible provides a strong warning against apostasy, the theological perspective also highlights God's grace and forgiveness. The Bible shows that repentance is always open to those who sincerely desire to return to God. In Luke 15:7, Jesus emphasizes the joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, providing hope that despite the seriousness of the apostasy, God always provides a way for repentance and restoration of a spiritual relationship with Him. Overall, the theological view of apostasy reflects a balance between stern warnings about the spiritual consequences and God's gracious mercy that is always open to those who return to Him.

Ultrafiltration membrane is one of wastewater treatment technologies, but membranes have limitations such as the occurrence of the phenomenon of concentration polarization and fouling. The research objective of this study the effect of variations in transmembrane pressure against the rejection percentage COD, TSS, and the effect of variations in transmembrane pressure, concentration of washing of the efficiency and effectiveness of washing the membrane. The process of ultrafiltration membranes and membrane chemical washing wastewater laundry do with variations in pressure of 1 bar, 2 bar, and 3 bar. Variation of chemical cleaning agent concentration of 1%, 1.5% and 2%, rinsing with distilled water for 30 minutes, filtering wastewater laundry for 120 minutes, and washing using chemical cleaning agent (NaOH) for 30 minutes. Highest rejection percentage for COD parameter 86.6% and 85.7% for TSS parameters in transmembrane pressure of 3 bar. The highest washing efficiency of the value of Flux Recovery (FR) gained 81.9%, and the value of resistance of Removal (RR) gained 82.59% with a concentration of 2% in the transmembrane pressure of 3 bar. The highest leaching effectiveness obtained at 50.21% with a concentration of 2% and a transmembrane pressure of 3 bar.

Violence in the educational environment is a serious problem that affects student well-being and academic achievement as well as interfering with the learning process. This dedication aims to see the potential and implement prevention and rejection strategies in schools. In this increasingly complex world, education is crucial to building a positive personality, knowledge, and attitude towards a variety of social challenges and risky behaviors. We involve students, teachers, parents, and local communities in designing and implementing a variety of relevant and sustainable prevention and prevention activities through collaborative and participatory approaches. To find problems, create solutions, and measure the effect of interventions, surveys and interviews are used. The results of this dedication show that an inclusive, educational, and responsive environment to the needs of students and the surrounding community is crucial. This dedication shows that prevention and rejection integrated into curricula and extracurricular activities can be a key capital in increasing social resilience and reducing the risk of negative behaviour among adolescents. In conclusion, educational institutions, communities, and other stakeholders must work together to build a safe, healthy, resilient environment. The study helps practitioners, policymakers, and researchers design and implement successful and sustainable prevention programmes in educational institutions.

Bullying is a form of violence that occurs in teenagers. Bullying is a form of violent behavior with the power to hurt a person or group verbally, physically or psychologically. The impact that victims of bullying have is having various mental problems and physical health complaints. Therefore, social support from the family is really needed by victims of bullying. This research is a qualitative study which aims to obtain an overview of family social support for adolescent victims of bullying so that they can restore their social functioning and regain trust. himself so that he can carry out his role in society as usual. The data source selection technique used in this research uses Qualitative methods using verbal data obtained by researchers can reveal information in more depth. So, researchers can describe the psychological dynamics of victims of bullying behavior among teenagers at school. Where the approach cannot be expressed by numbers or quantitatively.  The research results show that social support has an important role in protecting victims of bullying from psychological and physical illnesses. However, support from the family has several inhibiting factors, including rejection and withdrawal from the victim. Apart from that, family busyness, indifference or ignorance are also factors inhibitor.