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Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a condition that increases fracture risk due to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often restricted due to side effects, prompting the search for natural alternatives such as phytoestrogens, particularly genistein. Genistein is a major isoflavone in soy that has the potential to increase bone mineral density and improve bone metabolic balance. This study aims to review the effectiveness of genistein on bone health of postmenopausal women through a literature review of various clinical studies in the last 10 years. Results showed that genistein significantly increased bone mineral density, osteocalcin, bone-ALP, and decreased sclerostin. In addition, genistein positively impacts lipid profiles and blood glucose levels, and improves bone calcium retention, especially when combined with calcium and vitamin D3. A mixture of isoflavones in a natural ratio is more effective than single genistein. In conclusion, genistein is a safe and effective natural alternative in preventing and managing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Bingkat Village is one of the villages located in Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province, with an area of 5.95 km2 or 595.96 hectares divided into 10 hamlets. Most of the land area in Bingkat Village is used as rice fields, which is 60.740% of the total land area and is used as fields and plantations of 26.830% of the total land area, so that the majority of heads of families in Bingkat Village are farmers. Healthy food is food that contains balanced nutrition, contains fiber and substances needed by the body for the child's growth and development process. Balanced nutrition can be useful as an energy substance, a regulator, and a building substance. Food also greatly affects children's digestion, so parents must be able to provide healthy food that can maintain children's digestion. So that it does not interfere with children's growth. Healthy food for digestion should be rich in nutritional elements such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and a little unsaturated fat, or more precisely abbreviated as the 4 healthy 5 perfect menu. Through this program by conveying about consuming Good and Healthy Nutritional and Nutritious Food. So that the community will avoid mistakes in choosing food and the negative impacts that may arise. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research on survey methods through interviews.. Based on the results of research that has been conducted in Bingkat Village with a total of 19 respondents, 72% know about choosing nutritious and nutritious food and 28% know about food additives (BTM), then the level of community knowledge about nutritious and nutritious food is higher compared to the level of community knowledge about food additives (BTM).

One of the negative impacts of the mining process is acid mine drainage which is formed from the oxidation of minerals containing iron sulfur, such as pyrite (FeS2) and pyrothite (FeS) by oxidizers such as water and oxygen. To handle or control acid mine drainage, one way is to use activated carbon or often referred to as activated charcoal, which is a type of carbon that has a very large surface area. Charcoal is a porous solid that contains 85% to 95% carbon, produced from materials containing carbon by heating at high temperatures without oxygen (pyrolysis). Activated carbon made from palm shells is an adsorbent that can be used to treat coal mine acid water, so that the water meets standards for flowing into the environment. This study used concentration variants of 4 grams, 6 grams, 8 grams and contact times of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 150 minutes. The results of this study show that the concentration of palm oil shell activated carbon adsorbent influences the reduction of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) metal levels as well as the pH conditions in acid mine drainage water. The higher the concentration and the longer the contact time, the more heavy metals are adsorbed, the contact time is the highest. The optimal concentration in this study was 150 minutes and the optimal concentration was 8 grams with physical activation.

Lumpia ubi ungu is a modern culinary creation that offers an exclusive taste and accompanying health benefits. In the digital era, business prospects are rapidly increasing, with recipes and marketing concepts readily accessible online. Therefore, consumers can take advantage of this convenience to reach these sellers. Lumpia ubi ungu is a highly appealing dish with a combination of flavors and textures that are entirely different from traditional lumpia. Since it is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, lumpia ubi ungu is preferred by health-conscious consumers. There is a growing awareness of healthy food; therefore, lumpia ubi ungu has market potential. Lumpia ubi ungu offers more than just culinary innovation it paves the way for promising business opportunities in this digital era. By adopting the right approach, business players can leverage the wave of health trends and digitalization, thus paving their way to success.

Afghanistan, often called a "geological treasure trove," is richly endowed with vast mineral deposits worth over $3 trillion. The minerals, including copper, lithium, iron, gold, and rare earths, can be used to resurrect the nation's economy, reduce dependence on foreign aid, and bring about political stability. However, three decades of conflict, political turmoil, corruption, and inadequate infrastructure have been a hindrance to the effective exploitation of the resources. This paper examines the role of mining in Afghanistan's economic and political development, distilling the opportunities and challenges in the industry. Drawing on comparative case studies from resource-rich countries like Botswana and Chile, the study highlights the importance of open government, robust regulatory institutions, and strategic foreign partnerships. The evidence suggests that an efficiently operated mining sector would be a driver of sustainable development, provided that Afghanistan addresses deep-seated systemic evils in the form of corruption, insecurity, and environmental degradation. The research concludes with policy imperatives aimed at maximizing the contribution of the sector to national development.

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, commonly found in the shells of crustacean animals. The production of chitosan involves several stages: deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation, which require the use of acidic and alkaline solutions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various types of organic acids and a natural acid source, Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi fruit) extract, in the chitosan extraction process from Vannamei shrimp shells. The study employed a completely randomized design with a single factor consisting of four acid treatments: acetic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), lactic acid (LA), and bilimbi fruit extract (BE), each replicated three times. The chitosan obtained from each treatment was analyzed for its chemical characteristics and mineral content, and the results were further analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The best results were obtained from the citric acid treatment, which produced chitosan with a moisture content of 6.59%, a degree of deacetylation of 91.72%, ash content of 2.68%, and magnesium and calcium contents of 2.56 mg/100g and 0.15 mg/100g (dry basis), respectively. In contrast, the bilimbi extract treatment resulted in an ash content of 41.64%, with magnesium and calcium contents of 1456.52 mg/100g and 4.17 mg/100g (dry basis), indicating that the bilimbi fruit extract still has low demineralization effectiveness.

Dioscorea pentaphylla L. tubers, locally known as tomboreso tubers by Indonesian people, grow wild in forests in various parts of Indonesia but are not well-underutilized. This article aims to comprehensively review the phytochemistry, nutritional, anti-nutritional, and bioactivity of tomboreso tubers. The method used is a literature study with a database of online articles downloaded from Google Scholar related to the topic discussed. Various earlier studies reported that tomboreso tubers are rich in phytochemical compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. Tomboreso tubers are also rich in complete nutritional content, such as protein content (1.69-9.20%), fat (0.14-6.24%), fiber (1.28-7.24%), starch (3.71-61.26%), minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. Furthermore, tomboreso tubers also contain anti-nutritional compounds that are less beneficial to health, such as tannins, oxalates, hydrogen cyanide, phenols, flavonoids, phytates, a-amylase inhibitors, and trypsin inhibitors. Tomboreso tubers have been shown to have various biological activities, such as anti-bacterial, anti-mutagenic, and antioxidant, from various earlier studies. To make tomboreso tubers safe to eat and an alternative food source with low anti-nutritional content, further research must be done on their exploration, utilization, and further processing to reduce anti-nutritional compounds.

Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in hemoglobin formation and various biological processes in the body. Duck eggs are known to contain a relatively high iron content, making it important to determine their iron levels using an accurate and reliable analytical method. This study aimed to validate the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method for determining iron content in duck eggs available in the Banjarbaru market, South Kalimantan. Duck egg samples were analyzed using a wet digestion method before measurement with AAS at a wavelength of 248.3 nm. The validated method parameters included linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The results showed that the calibration curve had a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9994 and a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.9988, indicating excellent linearity in the range of 0.0–10 ppm. The obtained LOD and LOQ values were 0.08 ppm and 0.27 ppm, respectively. Precision was demonstrated by an RSD of 7,01% for repeatability and 6.94% for intermediate precision, meeting the acceptance criteria. The accuracy of the method, indicated by an average % recovery of 98,40% ± 0,84, was also within the acceptable range (80–110%). Therefore, the validated AAS method in this study can be used as an accurate and reliable approach for analyzing iron content in duck eggs.

Supplement is a product that contains additional nutrients to complement food, generally containing one or more nutrients, like vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fiber, and fatty acids, are usually prepared in the form of tablets, capsules, or liquids like syrup. Supplements can help improve nutrition, The purpose of this review is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of using health supplements in preventing and overcoming nutritional deficiencies and improving the quality of life of individuals in this analysis is based on a literature review from the online platform used, namely google scholar and semantic. The results of the journal review in this article show that supplements, such as mangosteen effervescent tablets, vitamin C, and stevia, have significant benefits for health, including improving immunity, managing diabetes, and supporting disease recovery. Education and socialization succeeded in improving people's understanding of the wise use of supplements, with age, knowledge, and socioeconomic conditions influencing consumption behavior.

Corticosteroid hormones play a vital role in maintaining human homeostasis by regulating energy metabolism and stress responses. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, and mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, have specific functions in metabolic processes and electrolyte balance. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during stress responses triggers corticosteroid release, enabling the body to cope with physical and psychological challenges. However, corticosteroid dysregulation can lead to various clinical disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease, impacting metabolism and overall health. Furthermore, while corticosteroids are widely used in treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, prolonged use can cause severe side effects. This article aims to review the mechanisms, physiological roles, pathological impacts, and therapeutic potentials of corticosteroid hormones. The findings highlight the importance of managing these hormones in clinical conditions and the opportunities for developing more targeted and safer therapies.

Green tea is widely known as a beverage rich in antioxidants with numerous health benefits. However, excessive consumption may have negative effects, particularly on gut health. This article discusses the impact of excessive green tea consumption on stomach irritation, mineral absorption disruption, gut microbiota imbalance, and caffeine-related side effects. It concludes that moderate consumption of green tea (2-3 cups per day) is safe and beneficial. Proper consumption management can maximize green tea benefits without adverse effects on gut health.

Pertumbuhan anak yang optimal sangat dipengaruhi oleh asupan gizi yang seimbang. Makanan gizi seimbang mencakup berbagai kelompok makanan yang memberikan nutrisi esensial yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh anak. Nutrisi yang cukup dan seimbang sangat penting untuk mendukung pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan otak, dan sistem kekebalan tubuh anak. Makanan yang seimbang harus mencakup karbohidrat, protein, lemak, vitamin, dan mineral dalam jumlah yang tepat. Karbohidrat memberikan energi yang dibutuhkan untuk aktivitas sehari-hari, sementara protein penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perbaikan jaringan tubuh. Lemak sehat membantu dalam penyerapan vitamin dan memberikan energi tambahan. Vitamin dan mineral, seperti vitamin A, C, D, kalsium, dan zat besi, sangat penting untuk fungsi tubuh yang optimal. Selain itu, serat dari buah-buahan, sayuran, dan biji-bijian membantu menjaga kesehatan pencernaan. Penerapan makanan gizi seimbang pada anak usia dini sangat penting untuk mencegah masalah kesehatan seperti kekurangan gizi, obesitas, dan penyakit kronis di masa depan. Orang tua dan pengasuh memiliki peran penting dalam memastikan anak-anak mendapatkan makanan yang seimbang dan bergizi. Edukasi tentang pentingnya gizi seimbang juga perlu diberikan kepada anak-anak sejak dini agar mereka dapat membuat pilihan makanan yang sehat. Dengan demikian, makanan gizi seimbang merupakan langkah penting dalam memastikan kebutuhan nutrisi harian anak terpenuhi dan mendukung pertumbuhan serta perkembangan mereka secara optimal.

Tomato (lycopersicum esculentum Mill) are a source of vitamins and minerals and have health benefits such as maintaining heart health. The denabd for tomatoes in indonesia continues to increase so it is necessary to take action to increase production by utilizing Fungi Mycorrhizal Arbuscular and manure. FMA is a fungus associated with plants where FMA binds nutrients in the soil. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of gungus mycorrhizal arbuscular and manure. This research was carried out in july – september 2023 in Siderejo village, Langsa Lama District, Langsa City. The research used a 2 factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 replications. The first factor is the FMA dose, namely: F0 : 0 gr/plot, F1 : 20 gr/plot, F2 : 40 gr/plot, F3 : 60 gr/plot. The second factor is the dose of fertilizer P1 : 2,08 kg/plot, P2 : 5,6 kg/plot, P3 : 8,4 kg/plot. Date were analyzed using variance (F test) at the 5% and 1% levels. If the treatment has a real effect, continue with the BNJ test at the 5% level.

Enforcement of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Government Area change significantly the governance of the energy and mineral resources (ESDM) sector, including mineral and coal mining (minerba). With this regulation, the authority to manage minerba mining is transferred from the district/city government to the central and provincial governments, thus giving rise to various legal implications. Disharmony between Law Number 23 of 2014 and Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining shows inconsistencies in the division of authority. This study examines the legal politics which underlies the management of mineral and coal mining in Indonesia, the impact of regulations on regional institutions, as well as importance harmonization regulation to prevent overlapping policies. This study also highlights the importance of implementing the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali to resolve conflicts of legal norms. The findings indicate the need for revision of related legal products to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of natural resource governance in order to achieve the goal of equitable public welfare.  

Beverage business competition in the modern era is growing rapidly due to marketing developments and the many beverage and food brands that have become popular in the community. This makes business competition must develop its business to be more attractive. Indonesians not only drink mineral water, but also tea. The popularity of tea, encourages many beverage manufacturers to try to produce new products. Vina's iced tea makes iced tea with a combination of sweetened condensed milk, one of the popular types of tea. This study aims to analyze the effect of tea flavor intensity and ice cube texture on iced tea marketing strategies in Tambak Rejo Village, Waru, Sidoarjo. In the beverage industry, flavor and texture are important factors that influence brand image and product attractiveness in the market. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods, to find out how consumers respond to the quality of the tea flavor they offer and the freshness of the ice cubes, and how these two factors affect the region. We are investigating how this can help increase sales of iced tea. This study shows that improving the unique taste of tea and the use of ice cubes with optimal texture can improve consumer experience, strengthen brand image, and influence purchasing decisions. Therefore, a strategy to improve product quality by considering aspects of taste and texture is the main key to increasing the competitiveness and sales of ice the village of tambak rejo. This article uses the Praticipatory learning and action (PLA) method or active field learning method is a participatory research method in which consumers and business actors are directly involved in the process of community service activities. In the context of iced tea sales strategies, the PLA method is used to understand how the intensity of tea flavor and texture of ice cubes affect consumer satisfaction and increase sales. 

Indonesia is a country with abundant gold minerals and it is quite economical to mine. Processing gold minerals is very important to increase gold content, one of the methods used is flotation. Reagent knowledge test in gold ore flotation was carried out to obtain certain mass recovery and metal recovery. In this study, the reagents used were 621 (activator), 530X (frother), and several collectors, namely collector type 1, namely 4000, collector type 3, namely X2, and the reagent test used a varied collector on collector 2, namely with reagent 7042; 7042A; 7042W and without using collector 2. Optimal % mass recovery and % metal recovery results using a variation of collector 2 reagent in the form of 7042 which produces a high recovery value of 4.19% in the final concentrate and a high metal recovery of 85.73%

Cv. Adikarya Teknik is one of the manufacturing companies engaged in the field of mechanical engineering that produces wire mesh and conveyor table top chains. Cv. Adikarya Teknik has 6 projects that did not meet the 2024 work targets, resulting in delays in the completion of Conveyor Table Top Chain products. The delays are quite significant, with the work for Aqua Mineral Water being delayed by 11 days and Pocari by 10 days. Production analysis using the CPM and PERT methods to identify priority issues of delay risks and improve operational efficiency. By using the CPM method, it was found that the critical path of the Conveyor Table Top Chain production project lies in activities A-B-C-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N (all located on the critical path). There is slack in activity D (Incoming Material); if it is delayed, it will not affect the critical path activities. The results of the PERT method on the Conveyor Table Top Chain project show that the probability of the conveyor production project being completed faster than the usual time, which is within a duration of 127 days, is 84%.

Kue lapis merupakan jajanan tradisional Indonesia yang memiliki tekstur kenyal dan rasa manis, umumnya terbuat dari tepung beras dan tepung sagu. Namun, untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada tepung beras serta meningkatkan nilai gizi produk pangan, penelitian ini mengembangkan inovasi kue lapis dengan kombinasi kacang hijau dan jagung manis. Kacang hijau sebagai sumber protein nabati dan jagung manis yang kaya akan karbohidrat dan vitamin dipilih untuk memberikan manfaat gizi yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan kue lapis yang tidak hanya enak tetapi juga bergizi, dengan memanfaatkan bahan pangan lokal yang memiliki nilai gizi tinggi. Metode pembuatan kue lapis ini melibatkan pencampuran tepung beras, tepung tapioka, santan, serta bahan tambahan berupa kacang hijau dan jagung manis yang telah diproses. Proses pembuatan dilakukan secara bertahap, dengan pengukusan setiap lapisan secara bergantian untuk memastikan tekstur yang kenyal dan matang sempurna. Hasilnya, kue lapis ini memiliki tekstur yang lembut dan kenyal dengan rasa manis alami dari jagung dan kacang hijau, serta kandungan gizi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kue lapis tradisional. Kacang hijau dan jagung manis memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap kandungan protein, serat, serta vitamin dan mineral yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Inovasi ini tidak hanya menawarkan alternatif pangan yang lebih sehat, tetapi juga dapat mendorong konsumsi pangan lokal yang bernilai gizi tinggi. Selain itu, produk ini memiliki potensi untuk dipasarkan sebagai jajanan pasar yang mendukung keberlanjutan petani lokal. Kombinasi kacang hijau dan jagung manis dapat menjadi pilihan yang lebih bergizi dan memenuhi kebutuhan gizi masyarakat, serta berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam industri pangan tradisional.

Fish is one type of aquatic product widely used by the community because of its advantages as a food ingredient, including a source of important nutrients such as protein, vitamins, fat, and minerals. Fish is often found in cans. Canned packaging contains the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn), which can be released into food due to the long storage period. This study aims to identify and analyze heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn levels in canned tuna with an expiration date of less than 1 year. Samples of canned tuna came from five different brands. Qualitative analysis used color reagents, while quantitative research used an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The qualitative study results showed that three samples of tuna contained heavy metals. Samples B and C were positive for Pb metal, while samples A and B were positive for Zn metal. The concentration of Pb metal was measured in sample B at 117.9 mg/Kg and in sample C at -0.0147 mg/Kg. The concentration of Zn metal in sample A was -0.0048 mg/Kg, and in sample B, it was -0.147 mg/Kg.  

Kue lapis merupakan jajanan tradisional Indonesia yang memiliki tekstur kenyal dan rasa manis, umumnya terbuat dari tepung beras dan tepung sagu. Namun, untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada tepung beras serta meningkatkan nilai gizi produk pangan, penelitian ini mengembangkan inovasi kue lapis dengan kombinasi kacang hijau dan jagung manis. Kacang hijau sebagai sumber protein nabati dan jagung manis yang kaya akan karbohidrat dan vitamin dipilih untuk memberikan manfaat gizi yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan kue lapis yang tidak hanya enak tetapi juga bergizi, dengan memanfaatkan bahan pangan lokal yang memiliki nilai gizi tinggi. Metode pembuatan kue lapis ini melibatkan pencampuran tepung beras, tepung tapioka, santan, serta bahan tambahan berupa kacang hijau dan jagung manis yang telah diproses. Proses pembuatan dilakukan secara bertahap, dengan pengukusan setiap lapisan secara bergantian untuk memastikan tekstur yang kenyal dan matang sempurna. Hasilnya, kue lapis ini memiliki tekstur yang lembut dan kenyal dengan rasa manis alami dari jagung dan kacang hijau, serta kandungan gizi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kue lapis tradisional. Kacang hijau dan jagung manis memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap kandungan protein, serat, serta vitamin dan mineral yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Inovasi ini tidak hanya menawarkan alternatif pangan yang lebih sehat, tetapi juga dapat mendorong konsumsi pangan lokal yang bernilai gizi tinggi. Selain itu, produk ini memiliki potensi untuk dipasarkan sebagai jajanan pasar yang mendukung keberlanjutan petani lokal. Kombinasi kacang hijau dan jagung manis dapat menjadi pilihan yang lebih bergizi dan memenuhi kebutuhan gizi masyarakat, serta berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam industri pangan tradisional.