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One of the development efforts within the national development framework, the government/government agencies/institutions at every level carry out development authority for the Public Interest. Based on the concept of the State's Right to Control, the Government, on behalf of the Land State, has the absolute right to regulate, determine and determine land rights for the sake of realizing the welfare of the people. On the other hand, the government has an interest in acquiring land for the public interest. In this research, a juridical study was carried out on what is the state's right to control land in land acquisition for public purposes? And what is the government's authority to acquire land for public purposes? The aim of this research is to determine the state's right to control land for the public interest and to find out what the government's authority is in acquiring land for the public interest. The method used in this research is the Normative Juridical method, namely comprehensively reviewing the legal aspects of statutory provisions related to the settlement of compensation for land acquisition for the public interest. In this research, it was found that the State is only limited to regulating, determining and determining the allocation of land rights, and in procuring land for the public interest, the government or agencies using land as development objects are obliged to provide compensation in accordance with the value determined by the assessment team.

This study aims to develop erfina game as ecosystem learning media and to know and describe the results of expert validation, teacher responses, student responses and student learning outcomes of the developed media. This research uses the research and development method (Research & Development). The model used in this research is ADDIE consisting of 3 stages, namely Analysis, Design, and Development. The trial was conducted on 10 students of Class VII of SMP Negeri 02 Satu Atap Suwawa Selatan. The results of the study found: (1) validity test based on the percentage of media validation of 85% (Very Valid) and material expert validation obtained a percentage of 87% (Very Valid). (2) Practicality test based on teacher response results obtained a percentage of 91% (Very Practical) and the results of students' responses of 93% (Very Practical). (3) Student learning outcomes test obtained from the results of student learning tests through Preetest and Posttest evaluations, based on the N-Gain scale obtained a value of 0.53 or 53% which is included in the moderate category

In the current era of globalization and technology, computers, RFID are examples of information technology tools that are indispensable for meeting human needs in almost every aspect of life, including the management of infrastructure and equipment lending.According to direct research at Widya Praja Ungaran Vocational School, there are only two workers who handle facilities and infrastructure. In carrying out their work assignments, they still experience difficulties. Excess workload and the process of borrowing tools that still lacks a sense of responsibility, so that the results of the work are not maximized.The existence of increasingly sophisticated technology, the management of infrastructure and equipment lending can be done with the help of technological tools that will be implemented in this school. This research aims to make it easier to administer, because this school has not yet added a new workforce.This research can be designed with the help of software (Bootstrap, MySql), programming (PHP, Arduino IDE) and equipment (NodeMCU ESP8266, RFID, LCD, I2C, buzzer, power supply, breadboard, jumper cables, resistors, LEDs) to provide data information. more accurate, effective, efficient and provide a good working atmosphere in this school. It is hoped that this research can reduce work overload and create a sense of responsibility in borrowing equipment, using local networks (wifi / handphone) and computers or laptops, with the research method used is research and development (R&D).

The quality of financial reporting has become increasingly important in the digital era, particularly for manufacturing companies facing complex operational challenges. The implementation of accounting information systems (AIS) and human resource competency are critical factors that may influence financial reporting quality. This study aims to examine the effect of accounting information systems implementation and human resource competency on the financial reporting quality of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This quantitative study employed a survey design with primary and secondary data collection. The sample consisted of 150 manufacturing companies listed on IDX during 2020-2023, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to finance managers and financial statement analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The findings indicate that accounting information systems implementation has a significant positive effect on financial reporting quality (β = 0.456, p < 0.01). Human resource competency also shows a significant positive effect on financial reporting quality (β = 0.387, p < 0.01). The simultaneous effect of both variables explains 68.7% of the variance in financial reporting quality (R² = 0.687, F = 165.42, p < 0.01). Both accounting information systems implementation and human resource competency significantly enhance financial reporting quality. Manufacturing companies should prioritize investing in advanced AIS technology and developing human resource competencies to improve their financial reporting quality.

This research explores the factors influencing the adoption of Islamic digital banking among millennials in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review, the study analyzes existing research on Islamic digital banking adoption, focusing on academic journals, conference proceedings, and industry reports. The findings reveal that perceived ease of use and usefulness of digital banking services are crucial. Additionally, social influences, such as peer and family recommendations, and personal factors, including demographics and cultural background, significantly impact adoption rates. This research provides valuable insights for Islamic banks in Indonesia to develop targeted strategies for millennial engagement. By understanding these influencing factors, Islamic banks can tailor digital banking services to meet the specific needs and preferences of this demographic, thereby enhancing market penetration and fostering growth within the evolving digital banking landscape.

This service aims to socialize the mathematical connection to the concept of Element (demand and supply for MSME products in North Pelawi Village, Babalan District, Langkat Regency. This service activity is carried out by a service team consisting of lecturers and students who aim to provide briefings in the form of socialization to the community of business actors and MSME owners where with this activity it is hoped that there will be awareness and motivation of business actors to relieve the importance of applying mathematical concepts in the context of the connection or tension between the amount of demand and supply. So to predict the amount of demand and the amount of supply at a certain price is not difficult. Because with the ability to predict and control the number of goods offered, the price will be able to be conditioned to be stable and still within reasonable limits. For this reason, the role of business actors has a great influence on the sustainability and development of the business carried out so that the goal of obtaining maximum profits for better MSME performance is obtained. This service was carried out in North Pelawi Village by previously recording business actors around North Pelawi Village with the aim that MSMEs that have been run so far can better apply an understanding of mathematical concepts that are connected to the demand and supply elements for products produced in a certain period or period of time.

This study explores the role of transformational leadership within the context of Christian Religious Education, emphasizing its ethical foundation and implications for shaping the future of humanity. In an era marked by moral ambiguity, rapid technological progress, and declining spiritual values, Christian education faces the urgent challenge of cultivating ethical character, spiritual maturity, and social responsibility. The problem addressed in this research is the gap between leadership practices in Christian educational settings and the transformative outcomes expected in students’ moral and spiritual development. The objective of this study is to analyze how transformational leadership can be effectively applied to Christian Religious Education to foster ethical behavior and visionary thinking. Using a qualitative descriptive method supported by literature analysis and interviews with Christian educators and leaders, this research identifies core principles and strategies that align biblical teachings with transformational leadership theory. The findings reveal that transformational leaders who model Christ-centered values, inspire through vision, and mentor with compassion significantly impact learners’ ethical formation and worldview. The synthesis of ideas highlights the integration of faith, leadership, and pedagogy as a holistic approach to addressing the ethical and existential challenges of the 21st century. In conclusion, transformational leadership within Christian Religious Education is essential in guiding learners toward a life of purpose, integrity, and contribution to a humane and spiritually grounded society.

This article discusses how churches are adapting their missiology in the digital age by combining traditional methods and modern technology to reach younger generations. Through a mixed-method approach and interviews with leaders of the GMIM Victory Minanga Indah church, the study found that technological advances have opened up significant opportunities for spreading the Gospel through social media and digital platforms. However, the main challenge is maintaining the depth and authenticity of the Gospel message amid the rapid and diverse flow of information. Therefore, ministry strategies must be innovative, contextual, and interactive to be more effective and relevant. The role of church leaders is crucial in managing technology while upholding theological values to ensure the mission remains rooted in Christian teachings. In conclusion, missiology in the digital age must be dynamic and adaptive, blending technology with the foundation of faith to expand the reach of ministry in an inclusive and sustainable manner.

The COVID-19 pandemic marked a significant turning point in the global church's approachto mission and ministry, particularly through the adoption of digital spaces. The rapid shift to digitalplatforms was not merely a practical adaptation but reflected a deeper transformation in how thechurch understands presence, community, and engagement in the world. This article aims to examinehow evangelism and discipleship practices have evolved in digital forms in the post-pandemic context,and to explore the theological and ethical implications of "digital presence" within contemporarymissiology. Using a practical theology approach, this study employs literature analysis, theologicalreflection, and case studies from digital church practices as its primary methods. The main findingsreveal that evangelism has shifted towards creative digital content targeting digital-native generations,while discipleship is increasingly practiced through online communities and digital spirituality. At thesame time, the study identifies key issues such as the validity of digital sacraments, the risk of faithcommodification, and the challenge of fostering authentic relationships in virtual spaces. This articlesynthesizes the idea that digital mission represents a new form of incarnational ministry in the digitalage, calling for a hybrid ecclesiology that integrates both physical and digital presence. In conclusion,digital mission is not simply a crisis response to the pandemic but a long-term theological and strategictransformation in how the church participates as the Body of Christ in a digitally connected world.

Guidance and counselling is an important element in education and individual development. This article discusses the theoretical and practical approaches underlying guidance and counselling, including their theoretical foundations, methods, as well as their application in education. In addition, an analysis of the counselling approach based on John 4:1-42 shows the relevance of spiritual values in forming a holistic approach. The article also highlights the importance of learner character building as one of the main objectives of guidance and counselling services.

Learning technology continues to develop as time goes by. Technology is the science of tools and skills that make humans work more efficiently. The implementation of daily learning often follows technological developments in the world of education, as do teachers and lecturers. In the field of education, technology has an influence on improving the quality of education, types of educational technology, information technology and communication and learning technology have a major role in learning. The role of technology in the field of education is as an information center and doing new things to illustrate learning and determine online learning methods. With increasingly developing technology, it can also provide benefits that have both good and bad impacts. One of the developments in technology has had a good influence by increasing self-openness in terms of expanding knowledge as information for all life in the world across borders, places and times. Negative impacts include changes in behavior, morals, rules or morals of life so that they conflict with the moral rules that apply in society. Therefore, to prevent the negative impact of using technology in learning, it is necessary to supervise parents and educators who work together in carrying out teaching and supervising children in using technology. The presence and function of technology in the world of education provides the development and growth of human resources as a determinant in achieving success in education. This kind of thing is caused by human resources themselves which are still lagging behind in using this technology in training. With today's technological developments in education, there are many new innovations to support learning. In this case, one way is to provide changes in educational facilities which are increasingly increasing and developing rapidly through technology.

Climate-induced migration is becoming an increasingly significant global issue, driven by environmental changes such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource scarcity. Despite its growing importance, current legal frameworks inadequately address the protection of climate migrants, leaving them vulnerable and without clear legal rights. This research aims to propose an integrated social-environmental justice framework to address the legal accountability for climate-induced migration, focusing on the recognition of migrant rights, state responsibilities, and environmental protection. The study uses a comparative legal analysis to examine legal systems across various countries and incorporates field data from climate-vulnerable coastal communities through interviews, surveys, and legal case reviews. The research finds that the proposed framework enhances migrant recognition and clarifies state responsibilities in 70% of reviewed legal cases, offering a more comprehensive solution compared to traditional environmental and human rights approaches. The framework's integration of legal, social, and environmental elements provides a holistic response to climate migration, emphasizing equity and sustainability. However, challenges such as political resistance, fragmented governance, and limited funding hinder full implementation. The study concludes by recommending that governments and international bodies adopt this framework and strengthen their commitment to legal protections and climate adaptation strategies for displaced populations. Further research should focus on refining legal frameworks, addressing implementation barriers, and expanding the scope of social-environmental justice to better support climate migrants.

Social media has become an integral part of students’ lives and is increasingly being used as a means of interactive learning. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social media use in supporting students’ learning process, by highlighting the benefits, challenges, and solutions that can be applied. The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies, in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis. The results of the study indicate that social media provides flexibility in accessing learning materials, increases academic engagement, and facilitates discussion and collaboration between students and lecturers. However, there are several challenges, such as distraction, unguaranteed validity of information, lack of structure in learning, and gaps in access to technology. To overcome these challenges, strategies are needed such as good time management, increasing digital literacy, active roles of lecturers in directing learning, and institutional support in increasing access to technology. With the implementation of the right strategy, social media can be an effective tool in supporting interactive learning, improving students’ academic quality, and encouraging educational transformation in the digital era.    

Building fires can significantly degrade the strength and integrity of steel structures, so post-incident evaluation is crucial to ensure building safety and feasibility. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the steel tower structure after the fire through a visual inspection method. A total of 35 structural elements were examined, including columns, beams, and bracing, to identify damage caused by heat exposure. The inspection results showed that 6 elements (17%) were in the category of Acceptable, 8 elements (23%) Needs Attention, 5 elements (14%) Not Acceptable, and 1 element (3%) Not Applicable because they had been removed. Steel columns generally remain upright without deformation, but suffer damage to the protective layer (coating). In contrast, most blocks lose their protective layers, are directly exposed to fire, show early signs of corrosion, and some suffer severe damage such as flange tears and cuts. These findings confirm the importance of systematic documentation and classification of element conditions as the basis for technical decision-making for structural improvement. Visual inspection proved effective as an initial step in the evaluation process, providing a relevant initial picture of the extent of damage and the need for intervention. This study recommends follow-up in the form of advanced structural analysis and material testing to ensure the feasibility of reusing the affected steel elements.

Sustainable water resource management is a crucial issue, especially in horticultural agricultural areas such as Berastagi, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. This area is known for its abundant water resources, but the challenge in optimizing water distribution and quality is still a problem. This study aims to analyze the level of community participation in water resource management in Berastagi and to develop a sustainable management strategy using the SWOT approach. The method used in this study is a SWOT analysis that considers strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in water management. The results show that community participation in technical aspects is quite high, but still low in terms of planning and evaluation. The main strength factors are abundant water resources and support from the farming community, while weaknesses lie in limited infrastructure and water pollution from agricultural activities. The main opportunities for sustainable water management include irrigation modernization and increased government regulation, while the main threats are the impacts of climate change and the use of chemicals in agriculture that have the potential to pollute water. From this SWOT analysis, it is recommended to develop technology-based irrigation infrastructure, increase socialization and community education to increase involvement in water management, and collaboration between the government, community, and research institutions. It is expected that this strategy can strengthen sustainable and adaptive water resource management in the Berastagi horticultural area.

Teacher leadership is critical in shaping the educational environment and promoting positive change within schools. Teacher leadership fosters educational innovation and creates supportive learning environments. This study investigates the self-perceived leadership qualities of pre-service teachers, focusing on essential domains of teacher leadership, including self-awareness, leading change, communication, diversity, instructional proficiency, continuous improvement, and self-organization. Utilizing a structured survey instrument adopted and adapted from TLSA (Teacher Leadership Self-Assessment) by Katzenmeyer and Moller (2009). Data was gathered from a sample of teacher candidates to assess their competencies in these domains. The teacher candidates were the final-year Primary Teacher Education Program students at Esa Unggul University.  The findings indicate varying levels of readiness among the participants. The categorical analysis provides insights into specific areas where future teachers demonstrate potential and highlights domains where further development may be beneficial. This research contributes to the understanding of teacher leadership in the context of teacher preparation programs and underscores the importance of targeted support in nurturing well-rounded teacher leaders. Implications for curriculum adjustments and the integration of leadership training in teacher education programs are discussed.

Factors that can attract consumer interest in satisfying customers at fast food restaurants in Medan City include providing quality service. In addition to service quality, customer experience is also another factor that can attract consumer interest in buying. One thing that companies can do is to build a brand so that it will create brand equity. Based on the description above, the title of the study is, " The Effect of Service Quality and Customer Experience on Customer Satisfaction at Fast Food Restaurants in Medan City ". The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of service quality and customer experience on customer satisfaction at fast food restaurants in Medan City, both partially and simultaneously, and the formulation of the problem in this study is whether service quality and customer experience affect customer satisfaction at fast food restaurants in Medan City. The results of the study indicate that service quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction , customer experience has a significant effect on customer satisfaction and simultaneously the variables of service quality and customer experience have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. The company should pay more attention to the quality of service that has been provided to users of delivery services so that the service is not just a slogan but is implemented seriously so that the company's image is maintained in the eyes of service users.

Dead skin cells can occur due to many factors, such as increasing age, sun exposure, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Signs of skin problems due to the buildup of dead skin cells are dull skin, acne, and dry skin.  Body scrub is a type of skin care that can provide many benefits for skin health and beauty. Scrub is the process of exfoliating dead skin cells using a scrub or natural ingredients. Pedada fruit scrub is a natural beauty care innovation originating from the coast of Indonesia, especially from areas rich in pedada fruit plants (Sonneratia spp.). Pedada fruit is known to have high antioxidant content which can provide benefits for the skin, such as brightening it, reducing wrinkles, and fighting the effects of free radicals. This scrub uses pedada fruit extract which is rich in flavonoids, tannins and vitamin C to care for the skin naturally. This body scrub product not only offers beauty benefits but is also environmentally friendly because the raw materials are easy to find in coastal areas and do not require complicated chemical processes. This research aims to examine the benefits of pedada fruit scrub as a natural beauty solution that is rich in antioxidants.

This study examines the ef ectiveness of the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) and Regency/City Minimum Wage (UMR) policies in alleviating poverty in Indonesia, using an in-depth literature study approach. Indonesia, as the fourth most populous country in the world and the largest economy in Southeast Asia, faces major challenges in reducing income inequality and poverty, especially after the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The UMP and UMR policies are designed to provide a decent standard of living for workers, but their impacts vary widely across provinces and economic sectors. This study finds that while the minimum wage policy can provide benefits for formal sector workers, its ef ectiveness in reducing poverty in the informal sector is limited, given that around 60% of Indonesia's workforce works in the informal sector that is not covered by this policy. In addition, this policy also has the potential to cause economic dislocation in areas with significant income inequality. Economic sectors that rely on cheap labor, such as manufacturing and agriculture, are vulnerable to the negative impacts of this policy. This study suggests adjusting the minimum wage policy to be more flexible and based on local economic conditions to maximize the impact of poverty alleviation.

Innovation in service delivery is essential for the progress of the public sector, particularly in the issuance of death certificates by the Bandung City Population and Civil Registration Office (Disdukcapil). This study aims to identify and evaluate service innovations in this field, focusing on their impact on efficiency and user satisfaction. Using a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach, data were collected through direct observation, staff interviews, and document review. Findings reveal that Disdukcapil has implemented innovations like an online messaging and registration system, enabling citizens to apply for death certificates online, upload required documents, and complete electronic payments. These changes have reportedly enhanced service delivery, with user feedback indicating improved accessibility and time savings. However, challenges such as initial user adaptation and technical constraints were encountered, which affected the implementation process. This research highlights the sustainable benefits of service innovation in public administration, offering insights for further improvements in future practices..