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This research explores how the theology of embodiment in 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 can serve as a biblical foundation for integrating the embodied dimension in Christian Religious Education (CRE) pedagogy. The research background is the tendency of CRE in Indonesia to be highly cognitive-centric and neglect the embodied dimension, despite contemporary research showing the importance of sensory experience in constructing religious experience. The research objective is to conceptually explore the theological foundation and pedagogical implications of the theology of embodiment for CRE. The research method is library research with grammatical-historical exegesis analysis of 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 and conceptual synthesis with embodied cognition theory and body pedagogics. The findings show that the body has intrinsic sacred value as the temple of the Holy Spirit and the glorification of God occurs explicitly through the body. Religious knowledge is embodied, rooted in sensory-motor experience. The pedagogical implication is that CRE needs to integrate systematic embodied practices such as somatic inversion, participatory rituals, and cultivation of enactive mastery for experientially transformative learning. This research contributes theoretically by bridging biblical exegesis and embodied cognition theory, and provides practical direction for developing holistic CRE that integrates the body as an authentic and biblical medium for learning faith.

The development of automation and robotics technology has driven innovation in various industrial fields, particularly in automatic sorting systems. Manual sorting processes often lead to inefficiencies and human errors, creating the need for an automatic, fast, and accurate system. This research employs a qualitative method which includes experimentation, testing, and system documentation. The system is designed as a robotic arm for sorting objects based on color, utilizing a TCS3200 color sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller. An ultrasonic sensor detects the presence of objects, while the sorting results are displayed through a real-time web monitoring system. The test results show that the prototype successfully sorts four primary colors (red, green, blue, and yellow) with a high level of accuracy. This research is expected to serve as a reference for the development of automation systems and robotics learning tools in both educational and industrial applications. In addition, this research also contributes to the development of technology that can increase efficiency and accuracy in industrial production processes and provide more environmentally friendly solutions by reducing the need for manual labor.

Traditional fermented foods made from glutinous rice play a significant role in Indonesia’s local food system, with fermented glutinous rice known as tape ketan being one of the most popular products. Tape ketan is produced through a fermentation process using traditional starter cultures that involve diverse microorganisms, resulting in distinctive sensory characteristics. This review article aims to examine and synthesize previous studies related to the fermentation process of tape ketan and the characterization of metabolites formed during fermentation. The study employed a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis based on a literature review of relevant national and international scientific journals. The findings indicate that tape ketan fermentation involves starch hydrolysis, sugar fermentation, and the formation of primary and secondary metabolites influenced by fermentation time and microbial composition. Primary metabolites such as simple sugars, organic acids, and alcohol contribute to the basic sensory attributes of the product, while secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds and bioactive components enhance its functional potential. The characterization of these metabolites demonstrates that tape ketan is not only a traditional fermented food but also has promising potential for development as a value-added functional food based on local wisdom.

Kemejing Village is geographically hilly with winding roads and minimal lighting, reducing visibility and potentially compromising the safety and security of road users, especially at night. This community service activity aims to improve visibility and safety for road users in Kemejing Village, Loano District, Purworejo Regency, by installing road reflectors and street lighting (PJU) using photocell sensors. The method used was community empowerment based on field actions, which included observation, planning, implementation, and evaluation, involving students, village officials, and the community. The results of this activity showed that the road reflectors and PJU using photocell sensors successfully improved visibility at night, provided automatic and energy-efficient lighting, and made road users feel safer and more comfortable. This activity provided positive benefits to the community and helped build village infrastructure that can continue to develop in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Headpiece is an accessory worn on the head to beautify the appearance. The author uses observation, literature, experiments, documentation, and questionnaire methods. The author conducted a qualitative descriptive data analysis by presenting it in the form of a narrative using words or sentences. The author conducted experiments with stages, namely preparing materials and tools, forming flower patterns, arranging flower petals, arranging flowers and beads, applying glitter, applying resin, drying resin, arranging flowers and beads on a wire headband. The author offers a price of IDR 57,500 per headpiece, which is a relatively cheaper price compared to headpieces made of beaded flowers. Product validation was tested through sensory tests on 3 expert validators and obtained a total value of 57, which is included in the very feasible category, while the level of preference according to 30 respondents for clay headpiece products received a value of 119-150 which is included in the very preferred category. Based on the results of research and experiments on making headpieces from a combination of clay for entrepreneurial opportunities, it is hoped that in the future there will be more variations in headpiece types, improve the quality of headpieces, increase the variety of flower shapes and marketing strategies.

Water is an essential need for all living things on Earth to support various vital biological processes. Without water, life cannot exist because of its role as a solvent, nutrient transport medium, and temperature regulator. Water in nature does come from various sources such as rivers, lakes, rain, and groundwater, which are not all clear because they are contaminated with particles or other substances, in contrast to mountain springs which are often purer. In this study, a water filtration system was created aimed at making turbid water purify to be suitable for use by assessing the NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) of turbid water due to suspended particles such as mud or sediment, thus producing clear water suitable for use for household or irrigation purposes. The use of two Siemens S7-1200 PLCs as controllers in the water filtration system is a reliable redundant approach to automate mechanisms such as pump, valve, and NTU sensor settings. PLC 1 is used for the filtration system and PLC 2 is used for the water distribution system. The water distribution process uses a DC pump that runs when it receives input from the water level sensor in the raw water tank and clean water tank. The water filtration process has three main stages: reading the water turbidity level using a turbidity sensor, regulating the water flow rate using a solenoid valve, and filtering the water using filter media. The system's operation can be monitored and controlled through a SCADA system. Both PLCs are connected using an OPC server for communication between the PLC and SCADA. The OPC server sends data from the PLC to the Wonderware InTouch application as the SCADA system. To monitor and control the SCADA system, users must log in to access the system.

The global reliance on wheat flour has prompted the food industry to seek sustainable local substitutes. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) emerges as a potential candidate due to its substantial starch content and beneficial bioactive compounds. This study explores innovations in sweet potato flour processing, emphasizing physical, chemical, and enzymatic modifications to enhance its functional properties. The research methods include hydrothermal treatments and fermentation (Modified Sweet Potato Flour/MOSPEF) and their impact on dough rheology and glycemic response. The findings indicate that modified sweet potato flour can effectively replace wheat flour by 30-50% in bakery items and up to 100% in gluten-free formulations without significantly altering sensory traits. This innovation represents a strategic step toward national food sovereignty and improved nutritional quality in the modern food industry, healthier and more nutritious. The use of modified sweet potato flour is expected to strengthen food security and provide economic benefits for local farmers and the domestic food industry.

Maneuvering operations represent the most dynamically complex and operationally hazardous phase of a vessel's voyage, demanding precise real-time coordination between deck officers at the bridge and engineer officers in the engine room. Communication breakdowns at this critical interdepartmental interface have been consistently implicated in propulsion-related maritime accidents, yet the collaborative decision-making processes that govern bridge-engine room interaction during maneuvering remain insufficiently examined in the research literature. This study investigates collaborative decision-making patterns between deck and engineer officers during main engine telegraph operations, employing a qualitative observational design grounded in human factors engineering and Crew Resource Management theory. Through 72 hours of structured simulation observation across two maritime training centers and 36 semi-structured officer interviews, the study documents communication pattern frequencies, decision latency behaviors, information-sharing strategies, and CRM competency profiles across both officer categories and experience levels. Findings reveal persistent asymmetries in situational awareness, authority gradient distortions under time pressure, and a systematic underutilization of standardized communication protocols during non-routine maneuvering events. The study contributes a dual-department collaborative framework for bridge-engine room operations and offers evidence-based recommendations for integrated officer training design and propulsion safety protocol development.

The lompong flower is an ornamental plant that requires stable soil moisture conditions and a stable environment so that it can grow optimally. Moisture level mismatches often hinder growth and even have the potential to cause plant damage. This research aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based humidity monitoring system that is able to monitor the humidity condition of the pond flower in real-time. The system developed uses soil moisture sensors as input devices, microcontrollers as data processors, and internet networks as a medium for sending data to the monitoring platform. The data obtained is displayed directly so that users can know the actual humidity conditions and take appropriate maintenance actions. The results show that the system is able to display moisture data with a good level of accuracy, as well as provide relevant information for users in plant care decision-making. The implementation of this system has proven to be effective in supporting the maintenance of lompong flowers, especially in maintaining soil moisture stability. This research is expected to be a reference for the development of IoT-based ornamental plant monitoring technology, as well as contribute to improving the quality of plant care in a more efficient and measurable manner.

Akumulasi limbah yang tidak terkelola secara efektif menimbulkan ancaman serius bagi keberlanjutan lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat global, khususnya di kawasan urban padat penduduk. Meskipun teknologi pemilahan sampah otomatis telah berkembang, sistem eksisting sering kali terkendala efisiensi energi yang rendah dan isu higienitas akibat ketergantungan pada kontak fisik atau penggunaan sistem kamera yang aktif terus-menerus (always-on). Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang Sistem Pemilah Sampah Cerdas Hibrida yang mengintegrasikan teknologi visi komputer algoritma YOLOv8 Nano dengan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 untuk mewujudkan solusi pemilahan nirkontak (touchless). Menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D), sistem ini menawarkan mekanisme manajemen daya efisien, di mana sensor ultrasonik bertindak sebagai pemicu jarak dekat (<10 cm) yang secara otomatis membuka pintu sampah dan mengaktifkan kamera akuisisi citra hanya ketika objek terdeteksi. Model YOLOv8 dilatih menggunakan dataset sebanyak 25.077 citra yang bersumber dari repositori publik Kaggle, dan berhasil mencapai performa Presisi sebesar 80,6% serta mAP@50 sebesar 61,7%. Berdasarkan pengujian real-time, sistem mampu mengklasifikasikan dan menginstruksikan aktuator servo untuk memisahkan sampah ke wadah organik atau anorganik secara akurat. Dilengkapi modul IoT ESP8266, sistem ini juga memfasilitasi pemantauan kapasitas volume sampah. Kesimpulannya, integrasi cerdas antara pemicu sensor dan deep learning ini tidak hanya memperbaiki akurasi pemilahan, tetapi juga menghadirkan solusi yang lebih higienis, responsif, dan hemat energi sebagai pendukung ekosistem Smart City.

Corn milk yogurt is a fermented product that has a low protein content. One of the efforts to increase the protein content of corn milk yogurt is by adding spirulina and soy protein isolate as a source of high protein. The objectives of this research are 1) to study the formulation of high protein corn milk yogurt with the addition of spirulina and soy protein isolate; 2) to study the characteristics of corn milk yogurt. Corn yogurt with the addition of spirulina (0.08, 0.12 and 0.16%) and soy protein isolate (4.5, 8.5 and 12.5%) were tested for physicochemical and sensory characteristics. Results revealed Corn yogurt addition with of 0.08-0.16% spirulina and 4.5 - 12.5% soy protein isolates have protein content of 1.94 - 7.04%, water content of 76.0-81.1%, fat content of 0.66 – 1.17%, 14.5-16.6% of carbohydrate content, viscosity of 328.3-1128.7 mPas, total solids 16.01-17.93oBrix, pH of 3.41-3.67, lactic acid bacteria of 51 x 107 CFU/ml – 76 x107 CFU/ml.  Corn yogurt has sensory characteristics including yogurt taste of 2.60-3.68, green color of 2.42-3.82, yellow color of 1.45-2.53, corn flavor 2.27-2.60, beany flavor 2.70-3.17, spirulina flavor 2.23-3.08, viscosity 2.62-3.82 and preference of 2.25-2.9. The best formulation for making corn yogurt is a combination treatment with 8.5% soy protein isolate concentration and 0.12% spirulina with a protein content of 5.41%. While yogurt is preferred, this formula still needs some fine tuning to eliminate the fishy scent caused by the spirulina

Design and Development of Fire Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things Using Flame Sensor and Smoke Sensor (Case Study at Balai Desa Dlimas). Fire is a disaster that can cause significant losses in both material and human life. Early fire detection is crucial to minimize the potential impact. Balai Desa Dlimas, located in Banyuputih District, Batang Regency, currently lacks an adequate fire detection and monitoring system. Therefore, this study aims to design and implement a fire monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using an ESP32 microcontroller, a flame sensor, an MQ-2 smoke sensor, and a DHT22 temperature sensor. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a prototyping model. The system is designed to detect the presence of fire, smoke, and room temperature in real time. Data from the sensors is processed by the ESP32 and sent to the Blynk application to notify users. Warning outputs are also provided through a buzzer and LED lights as on-site alerts. The test results show that the system can detect fire, smoke, and temperature increases with high accuracy. Users can receive real-time notifications via the Blynk application within less than 3 seconds of fire detection. This system is expected to help Balai Desa Dlimas minimize fire risk and can be further developed for implementation across various public facilities.

Gas turbine generators play an important role in providing electrical energy, especially in the maritime sector, but they are vulnerable to disturbances such as overcurrent and undervoltage, which can cause equipment damage. This study aims to design and test an automatic protection system based on the ESP32 microcontroller with the INA219 sensor to detect current and voltage, as well as a relay as a circuit breaker. The method used is an experimental approach including static and dynamic testing, both with and without a 5W AC lamp load as a simulation of real loading conditions. Test results show that the average sensor reading error is 2.65% for current and 1.76% for voltage, which is still within the ±3% tolerance limit. The system is able to disconnect the load when any parameter exceeds the protection threshold, although there are slight inconsistencies in the relay response due to sensor reading fluctuations. In conclusion, this automatic protection system is proven to be 85% accurate and responsive in maintaining the operational reliability of the gas turbine generator, making it applicable as a preventive solution against electrical disturbances in marine environments.

Children with disabilities live with one or more conditions, physical, cognitive, sensory, or social, that limit their daily activities. These conditions necessitate specialized care and attention tailored to their specific needs. This study aims to explore how parents come to terms with their child’s condition, the factors that influence this acceptance, and its overall impact on family well-being. The results suggest that parental acceptance is rarely a straightforward process. It involves a complex emotional journey, often moving through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, and depression before reaching a point of acceptance. The speed and depth of this process are heavily influenced by both internal and external factors. Internally, spiritual values, educational background, and effective coping strategies play a vital role. Externally, the presence of social support and access to healthcare services are crucial. When parents embrace their child’s condition with unconditional love and focus on their potential, it significantly enhances the child’s developmental outcomes. Conversely, a lack of acceptance can increase the burden of caregiving and hinder the child’s progress.

The Islamic conception of science views knowledge as a unity originating from Allah SWT and directed towards realizing human welfare. Islamic science does not separate the rational, empirical, and spiritual dimensions, but rather integrates revelation, reason, and sensory experience in obtaining truth. Science from an Islamic perspective is understood as a human effort to read and understand the verses of kauniyah as a manifestation of God's power in the universe. This study aims to analyze the Islamic conception of science and its relationship with science, and examine the urgency of integrating the two in facing the challenges of modern science. The research method applied in this study is a literature study with a qualitative approach, through descriptive and interpretive analysis of various relevant literature sources. The research findings indicate that the integration between Islamic science and science plays a strategic role in overcoming the scientific dichotomy, strengthening the ethical foundation of science, and building a scientific paradigm oriented towards the values ​​of monotheism and humanity. Thus, the Islamic conception of science and science offers an alternative, holistic and sustainable scientific framework.

In this study, a device was designed and implemented to control the water pH and nutrient density (concentration) in a hydroponic system using the Mamdani method of fuzzy logic, thus maintaining nutrient solution parameters within an optimal range for plant growth. This system relies on three input values ​​obtained from a water pH sensor, a nutrient TDS sensor, and a flow meter. These three sensors are used to control four peristaltic motors, each of which functions to increase and decrease the pH and nutrient levels in the solution. The speed of the peristaltic pump motor, when the water pH is set at 6.5 and the nutrient concentration is set at 700 ppm, is influenced by the difference between the sensor reading and the set point. The greater the difference, the higher the peristaltic pump motor speed. Conversely, the smaller the difference between the sensor reading and the set point, the lower the peristaltic pump motor speed. Furthermore, the amount of water flowing through the pipe also influences the peristaltic pump motor speed.

This community service program is entitled Improving Microcontroller Competence of Students of SMK Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar through Arduino Training Based on Industrial Practice and is implemented as a follow-up to the school's official request to invite university practitioners as guest teachers in order to strengthen industry-based vocational learning. The activity was carried out on November 27, 2025 at the Computer Laboratory of SMK Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar involving 50 grade XI students, and guided by Andi Setiadi Manalu, S.Kom., M.Ti as the main instructor of Arduino material which focuses on the introduction of microcontrollers, basic programming, sensor integration, and simple automation project design. The purpose of this activity is to improve students' technical competence in the field of embedded systems while fostering work readiness through real-world practice-based learning experiences. The implementation method uses an experiential learning and project-based learning approach, which combines brief conceptual explanations with direct practice, technical discussions, and problem-based project assignment completion. The evaluation results show an increase in students' understanding of microcontroller functions, programming logic structures, and the ability to connect hardware and software in one work system. In addition, students demonstrated increased motivation, confidence, and interest in industrial technology, as reflected in their active participation during the practicum and their successful independent completion of functional prototypes. Overall, this activity proved effective in strengthening the technical competencies of vocational high school students and supporting the implementation of the link and match policy between vocational education and the needs of the industrial world, while also emphasizing the strategic role of higher education institutions in supporting the improvement of human resource quality at the vocational high school level.

This study aims to design, implement, and test a prototype that automates three functions, namely watering, fertilizing, and pest control based on Arduino Uno with the ability to directly monitor soil moisture and pH. This system is equipped with four main types of sensors. Soil condition monitoring involves an FC-28 soil moisture sensor and a soil pH sensor, water level measurement involves an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, and pest detection in the plant area involves a RIP sensor. All data obtained from these sensors is then processed by the Arduino Uno microcontroller to automatically activate actuators such as water pumps, liquid fertilizer pumps, buzzers, and DC motors according to soil conditions and plant needs. Prototype testing was conducted on simulated land with various scenarios of moisture, soil pH, and pest activity. The test results revealed that the system was proven to be able to significantly optimize water and fertilizer utilization, as well as reduce pest disturbances that could potentially damage plants.  In addition, this system also displays the operational status directly through an LCD screen, making it easy for users to monitor. The advantage of this system is its multi-function integration in a single device that is cost-effective and easy to operate. In the future, the functionality of this system can be improved through integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, enabling remote monitoring and control with greater efficiency. More broadly, this study is expected to support increased production and sustainable agricultural practices in Indonesia.

Recent advancements in environmental monitoring and robotic control demand systems that are capable of real-time responsiveness, energy efficiency, and reliable operation in dynamic and resource-constrained environments. Conventional cloud-centric cyber-physical system (CPS) architectures often suffer from high latency, continuous connectivity dependency, and increased energy consumption, limiting their suitability for time-critical monitoring and adaptive control applications. To address these challenges, this study proposes an intelligent embedded cyber-physical system integrating Edge AI, low-power sensor networks, and adaptive robotic control for environmental monitoring. The proposed architecture relocates data processing and decision-making closer to the data source, enabling real-time inference, reduced communication overhead, and enhanced system autonomy. The research adopts a design-oriented experimental methodology involving system architecture design, lightweight Edge AI model development, prototype implementation, and performance evaluation under realistic operating conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed edge-based CPS significantly reduces end-to-end latency and energy consumption while maintaining acceptable inference accuracy compared to cloud-based processing. Furthermore, the system achieves improved communication efficiency and higher operational reliability, particularly under intermittent network connectivity. The findings highlight that embedding intelligence at the edge enables closed-loop sensing, decision-making, and actuation, which is essential for adaptive robotic control in environmental monitoring scenarios. This study contributes a system-level perspective on Edge AI–enabled CPS design and provides empirical evidence supporting the transition from cloud-centric architectures toward distributed, energy-aware, and resilient cyber-physical systems for real-time monitoring and control applications.

The integration of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms in low power microcontroller based embedded systems has emerged as a promising solution to optimize energy efficiency without compromising signal accuracy and performance. This study focuses on the design and optimization of DSP algorithms specifically for microcontrollers, aimed at achieving real-time, reliable monitoring for applications such as healthcare, environmental sensing, and IoT devices. The research highlights the system's ability to handle complex signal processing tasks while maintaining low power consumption, ensuring long-term, continuous operation in remote or battery-powered environments. The system employs various techniques, including advanced power management strategies such as dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and adaptive voltage scaling (AVS), along with lightweight AI algorithms and model pruning, to minimize energy use. The results show significant reductions in power consumption compared to traditional systems, particularly during continuous monitoring tasks. Despite this, the optimized DSP algorithms maintain or even enhance signal accuracy, ensuring that critical monitoring data remains reliable. Furthermore, the system demonstrates robust performance and reliability over extended periods, making it suitable for long-term deployment in critical applications such as wearable medical devices and industrial sensors. This research provides a foundation for the development of future low power embedded systems, emphasizing the importance of DSP-aware optimization in achieving energy-efficient and high-performance monitoring. Future improvements may include advanced AI-driven power optimization techniques, enhanced scalability, and cross-domain interoperability, ensuring that these systems can be effectively deployed across diverse applications, from healthcare to environmental monitoring.