Publication Search

This study aims to analyze the effect of Independent Board of Commissioners, Audit Committee, Family Ownership, and Voluntary Disclosure on Debt Costs in Basic Materials manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021-2023. Using purposive sampling and multiple linear regression analysis, the results show that the Independent Board of Commissioners and Family Ownership have a negative and significant effect on debt costs, while the Audit Committee, measured by meeting frequency, has a significant positive effect, and Voluntary Disclosure has no significant effect. These findings indicate that increased independent supervision and family control can reduce debt costs, but a high frequency of audit committee meetings can create a greater perception of risk in the eyes of creditors. This study has important implications for management and regulators in improving the quality of corporate governance and supervision to reduce debt costs.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to the criminal justice system, particularly in criminal investigations and evidentiary processes, while simultaneously raising complex legal and ethical challenges. Objective: This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the use of AI in criminal investigations, focusing on its benefits, risks, and challenges related to the admissibility of AI-based evidence, as well as the need for regulatory frameworks that ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability. Methods: This research employs a normative qualitative approach through the analysis of legal regulations, a review of legal and technological literature, and a comparative approach across jurisdictions, complemented by case studies of AI applications in law enforcement practices. Results: The findings indicate that AI enhances investigative efficiency through data analysis, crime prediction, and digital forensics; however, it also poses risks such as algorithmic bias, human rights violations, and issues concerning the reliability and transparency of evidence. Furthermore, differences across legal systems result in the absence of uniform standards for the admissibility of AI-based evidence. Therefore, adaptive regulatory frameworks grounded in the principles of fairness, transparency, and accountability are required, along with strengthened human oversight to ensure that the use of AI aligns with the principles of justice and human rights protection.

This studyyaims tooevaluate environmental activities at the Tenggilis Community Health Center by assessing compliance with occupational health and safety, risk management, and environmental health aspects. The method used is descriptiveequalitative with dataacollection through questionnaires, observation,iinterviews, andddocumentation. The analysis was conducted through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the Tenggilis Community Health Center has generally met the criteria in each aspect, buttthere are still someeshortcomings. Innthe OSH aspect, training needs to be scheduled immediately. In risk management, all policies need to beeupdated to include the name and signature of theenew head offthe CommunityyHealth Center. In the environmental health aspect, deficiencies were found relateddto the completeness offthe administration of technical approval for wastewater quality standards and permits for B3 waste storage and wastewater treatment plants, which must be resolved immediately.

The increasing number of corruption cases involving School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds has become a serious challenge for the education sector in Indonesia. These cases not only undermine public trust in educational institutions but also hinder the achievement of equitable and quality education. This study aims to analyze the role of professional leadership in preventing and addressing the misuse of BOS funds within educational institutions. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature review and analysis of relevant regulations, scholarly publications, and documented corruption cases in the education sector. The findings indicate that professional leadership characterized by integrity, accountability, transparency, and strong ethical commitment plays a significant role in minimizing opportunities for corruption. Effective leaders are able to establish robust internal control systems, promote a culture of honesty, and ensure participatory financial management involving various stakeholders. Furthermore, continuous supervision and adherence to governance principles strengthen institutional resilience against financial misconduct. The study implies that strengthening leadership capacity and ethical values among educational leaders is essential for improving financial governance and fostering public confidence in educational management. Professional leadership is therefore a crucial factor in supporting clean, transparent, and sustainable education administration.

The management of ethical drug inventory is a crucial aspect of supporting the smooth delivery of healthcare services in hospitals. Improper management of ethical drugs can lead to stockouts or overstock, which results increased operational costs and the risk of drug expiration. This study aims to analyze the inventory control of ethical drugs at RSUD Inche Abdoel Moeis Samarinda using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Safety Stock, and Reorder Point methods. The data used in this study are the consumption of ethical drugs during 2024, obtained from the hospital’s Pharmacy Installation. The data analysis method involves calculating ordering and holding costs, determining the optimal order quantity using EOQ, and calculating Safety Stock and ROP to maintain drug availability during lead time. The results of this study indicate that the application of the EOQ method provides a more optimal and efficient order quantity compared to previous policies. Furthermore, Safety Stock and ROP calculations assist the hospital in preventing ethical drug shortages and creating a more structured ordering schedule. Thus, the implementation of EOQ, Safety Stock and ROP methods can improve the efficiency of ethical drug inventory management while supporting the continuity of healthcare services at RSUD Inche Abdoel Moeis Samarinda.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the USD/CNY exchange rate and the Federal Reserve interest rate on the stock returns of Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen AG is chosen as the object of analysis because it is a multinational corporation with significant exposure to the Chinese market, making it highly sensitive to fluctuations in global economic conditions, particularly exchange rate movements and monetary policy changes. The study adopts a quantitative research approach using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationships between variables. The data used are monthly secondary data covering the period from 2017 to 2023, resulting in 84 observations. The dependent variable in this study is Volkswagen AG stock returns, while the independent variables consist of the USD/CNY exchange rate and the Federal Funds Rate. The empirical results show that the USD/CNY exchange rate has a negative and statistically significant effect on Volkswagen AG stock returns, indicating that currency depreciation or appreciation plays a crucial role in influencing investor sentiment and firm valuation. In contrast, the Federal Funds Rate does not show a statistically significant effect on stock returns during the observed period. However, the simultaneous test indicates that both variables jointly have a significant influence on Volkswagen AG stock returns. Overall, the findings suggest that exchange rate risk is more dominant than U.S. monetary policy in affecting the stock performance of Volkswagen AG over the study period.

Reading ability is a fundamental skill that must be mastered by first-grade elementary school students as a foundation for understanding various subjects. However, in practice, many students still experience difficulties in early reading, such as recognizing letters, combining syllables, and understanding simple words. One alternative method that can be used to address this issue is the storytelling method in learning activities. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the storytelling method in improving the reading ability of first-grade elementary school students. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature study method. Data were collected from various sources, including scientific journals, books, and relevant previous studies published within the last five years. The data collection technique was carried out through documentation, while data analysis used content analysis by reviewing, comparing, and synthesizing findings from different sources. The results of the study indicate that the storytelling method is effective in improving students’ early reading skills. This method enhances students’ reading interest, enriches their vocabulary, and helps them recognize letters and words more easily in an enjoyable learning environment. In addition, storytelling creates an interactive classroom atmosphere and increases student engagement in the learning process. In conclusion, the storytelling method is an effective and relevant instructional strategy to improve the reading ability of first-grade elementary school students. Therefore, it is recommended as an innovative approach to support the development of early literacy skills.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of equity-based financing decisions and sukuk from the perspective of Sharia principles in companies in Indonesia. The development of the Islamic capital market in Indonesia shows a significant increase in the use of financing instruments that comply with Islamic principles, thereby encouraging companies to consider funding alternatives that are not only financially efficient but also Sharia-compliant. In the framework of Sharia financial management, capital structure decisions must consider the prohibition of usury, the principle of risk sharing, fairness in risk distribution, and contract certainty. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method thru the analysis of various scientific journals, regulations, and academic sources related to capital structure theory, the concept of Sharia equity, and the characteristics of corporate sukuk in Indonesia. The study results indicate that equity-based financing provides flexibility in capital structure and reflects a risk-sharing mechanism, but it has the potential to cause ownership dilution. Meanwhile, sukuk offers asset-based financing with a clear contractual structure and does not dilute company ownership, although it requires an underlying asset and a more complex issuance process. Comparatively, both instruments have Sharia legitimacy as long as they meet the screening requirements and contract structures applicable in Indonesia. This research emphasizes that corporate financing decisions in Indonesia need to consider the balance between financial efficiency and compliance with Sharia principles.

School snacks are one of the food sources commonly consumed by elementary school children; however, they are at risk of microbiological contamination if not properly managed. One of the pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate food is Salmonella, which can cause diarrheal disease. This study aimed to analyze hygiene and sanitation factors of food handlers on Salmonella bacterial contamination in pentol snacks at elementary schools in Palang District, Tuban Regency. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 20 pentol vendors and 20 pentol snack samples. Data were collected through observation using a hygiene and sanitation checklist and laboratory examination to detect the presence of Salmonella bacteria. Data analysis was initially planned using the Chi-square test; however, due to homogeneous results, the analysis was conducted descriptively. The results showed that most vendors had good hygiene and sanitation (85%) and sufficient (15%). Laboratory examination results showed that all pentol snack samples (100%) were negative for Salmonella bacteria. In conclusion, pentol snacks at elementary schools in Palang District were microbiologically safe from Salmonella contamination.

The quality of interaction between physicians and patients plays a crucial role in the healthcare system, as it directly affects patient satisfaction. Ineffective communication by physicians may reduce patient satisfaction and increase the risk of complaints and medical disputes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between doctor–patient communication patterns and patient satisfaction in outpatient services. This research employed a quantitative approach with an observational analytic design using a cross-sectional method. The study population included all outpatient patients, with a sample of 110 respondents selected through accidental sampling. The independent variable was doctor–patient communication, while the dependent variable was patient satisfaction. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the majority of respondents rated doctor–patient communication as good (80.9%) and reported high levels of satisfaction (75.5%). The analysis revealed that among respondents who experienced good communication, 84.3% reported high satisfaction, whereas the proportion of high satisfaction decreased significantly in the groups with moderate and poor communication. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between the quality of doctor–patient communication and patient satisfaction in outpatient services, where improvements in communication quality are consistently associated with increased patient satisfaction.

Biology learning in Indonesia is still predominantly teacher-centered, limiting students’ opportunities to actively develop critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and other 21st-century competencies. Students often receive information passively, resulting in low engagement and limited ability to apply concepts in real-life contexts. Therefore, innovative learning models are needed to support more meaningful and student-centered learning. This study aims to review the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in Biology education and analyze its contribution to the development of students’ 21st-century skills. The study employed a literature review method by analyzing 20 research articles published between 2022 and 2026. Articles were obtained through Google Scholar searches and selected based on relevance to Biology education, focus on PjBL implementation, and open-access availability. Data collection involved identification, screening, selection, and documentation of related studies, while data analysis used a qualitative descriptive approach. The findings indicate that PjBL effectively improves students’ cognitive achievement, conceptual understanding, scientific literacy, creativity, and critical thinking skills. In addition, PjBL enhances collaboration, communication, problem-solving abilities, learning motivation, and life skills through contextual and authentic project activities. Students become more actively involved in investigating real-world problems, designing solutions, and producing meaningful learning outputs. Furthermore, the integration of STEM approaches, digital media, blended learning, and Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) strengthens the effectiveness of PjBL in Biology learning. Overall, PjBL is highly relevant for supporting the Merdeka Curriculum and improving the quality of Biology education in developing 21st-century competencies.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L) ) is one of the most important horticultural commodities widely consumed in Indonesia and has high economic value. To maintain productivity and prevent pest attacks, farmers commonly apply chemical pesticides intensively. However, excessive and improper pesticide application can leave harmful residues on the surface and within the tissues of chili fruits. The accumulation of these residues not only poses health risks to consumers but also contributes to environmental pollution, particularly in wastewater generated from chili washing activities. This study aims to reduce pesticide residues of Cherizeb and Emacel in chili washing water using the photolysis methodassisted by a ZnO/zeolite catalyst. Zinc oxide (ZnO) acts as a photocatalyst activated by ultraviolet (UV) light to produce reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) capable of decomposing complex organic compounds into simpler compounds such as CO₂ and H₂O. Meanwhile, zeolite is used as a catalyst support due to its large surface area and high adsorption capacity, allowing adsorption and photocatalytic processes to occur simultaneously. The results showed that the photolysis method using the ZnO/zeolite catalyst significantly reduced pesticide residues, with optimum degradation efficiencies of 85.66% for Cherizeb using 0.8 g ZnO/zeolite under UV irradiation for 60 minutes, and 83.97% for Emacel using 0.8 g ZnO/zeolite under UV irradiation for 75 minutes. The samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups, indicating the disappearance of specific organic functional groups. Pesticide residues on chili samples were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine concentrations before and after treatment. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the crystalline structure of the catalyst remained stable after the photolysis process. Based on these findings, the ZnO/zeolite catalyst is proven to be effective in reducing pesticide residues through photocatalytic degradation and has the potential to be applied as a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly post-harvest technology to improve the quality of agricultural products.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease often referred to as a silent killer because it generally does not present noticeable symptoms. Several risk factors contribute to the development of hypertension, including high body mass index (BMI) and low levels of physical activity. However, data regarding the association between BMI, physical activity, and hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index and physical activity with hypertension among adults at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, from November 19 to December 6, 2025. The study population consisted of all adult patients with hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, totaling 2,797 individuals. A sample of 93 respondents was selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using observation sheets through measurements of height and weight to calculate BMI, as well as the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square statistical test. The univariate analysis showed that 27 respondents (29.0%) were classified as severely obese, 42 respondents (45.2%) had a low level of physical activity, and 28 respondents (30.1%) were categorized as having stage 2 hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. The bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure among patients with hypertension (p = 0.000). It is expected that healthcare providers at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center will continue to provide education regarding the importance of controlling body mass index and engaging in regular physical activity, as these factors contribute to increased blood pressure among patients with hypertension.

Indonesia ranks 36th among countries most prone to natural disasters, with 216 earthquakes recorded by BNPB between 2009 and 2019. Aceh is one of the high-risk regions, having experienced major disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and the 2004 tsunami. These conditions highlight the importance of knowledge of basic life support (BLS), which is essential for managing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, and airway obstruction in emergency situations. This study aimed to determine the level of basic life support knowledge among health workers at the North Lhoksukon Health Center, Aceh. A descriptive observational method with a survey approach was used to provide a general overview of respondents’ characteristics. The study applied univariate analysis and involved a total sample of 139 health workers. The results showed that most respondents had a good level of knowledge (116 people; 83.5%), followed by sufficient knowledge (13 people; 9.4%) and poor knowledge (10 people; 7.2%). These findings indicate that while the majority of health workers demonstrate good understanding, there is still a need for improvement among those in the sufficient and poor categories. Therefore, it is recommended that institutions provide regular BLS training to maintain and enhance the knowledge of health workers.

This study aims to analyze the visual appeal of anime characters through a case study of cosplayers in Surabaya. The focus of this research is to identify the factors that motivate cosplayers to idolize anime characters and to describe the visual elements that contribute to the formation of such appeal. This study employs a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaire distribution to 30 active cosplayers aged 18–20 who are members of cosplay communities in Surabaya. The collected data were analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach, which emphasizes the relationship between sign, object, and interpretant in the process of visual meaning-making. The results indicate that the appeal of anime characters is not solely influenced by visual aspects but also by emotional attachment formed through character representation. Specifically, facial features (66.7%) and body gestures (33.3%) are the dominant factors influencing cosplayers’ preferences, compared to other visual elements such as color, costume, and hair details. The semiotic analysis reveals that visual elements in cosplay function as a system of signs that represent character identity while simultaneously constructing aesthetic, emotional, and narrative meanings for the audience.

This study is motivated by the fact that the regulation of securities investment and direct investment in Indonesia still faces legal harmonization issues between the provisions of Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector particularly those governing the capital market and Government Regulation No. 63 of 2019 concerning Government Investment. This research aims to analyze the compatibility, substantial differences, and legal implications of the two regulations in the context of establishing an integrated and equitable investment legal system. This study applies a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analysis method. Data were collected using a literature study technique through a review of legislation, legal literature, and related policy documents. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques with an emphasis on systematic interpretation and the principle of harmonization of laws and regulations. The results of this study indicate that there is still a lack of synchronization between the regulation of securities investment in the capital market and the mechanism of direct investment by the government, particularly in terms of authority, risk management, and legal accountability. The findings of this study imply the need for improvements to derivative regulations and implementation guidelines that are capable of integrating capital market legal principles with government investment policies in order to create legal certainty and effective management of national investments. Keywords: Legal Harmonization, Securities Investment, and Government Investment

This study examines Egypt's security dilemma in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait in response to the escalation of Houthi attacks on global maritime trade routes. Since late 2023, Houthi attacks on commercial ships in the Red Sea have disrupted major sea trade lanes, posing a direct strategic threat to Egypt, which relies heavily on Suez Canal revenues as a primary source of national income. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, using secondary data from academic journals, international policy reports, and credible news sources. The analysis is grounded in Security Dilemma theory and the concept of Maritime Security within the framework of International Relations. Findings show that Egypt faces a complex strategic dilemma: on one hand, it must safeguard its economic interests through stable Suez Canal operations; on the other, direct military intervention against the Houthis risks political backlash from Arab public opinion and entanglement in Yemen's civil war. Egypt's response has therefore been calibrated, prioritizing diplomatic channels and multilateral coalition participation over unilateral military action. This research contributes a novelty by specifically mapping Egypt's strategic constraints in the Red Sea as a middle power caught between great power competition and regional non-state actor threats.

The development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the traditional culinary sector in Dumai City has shown significant growth, particularly in bolu kembojo products. Increasing competition requires business actors not only to focus on product quality but also to implement business ethics in their operations. This study aims to analyze the role of business ethics in enhancing customer loyalty toward bolu kembojo MSME products in Dumai City. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, with informants consisting of MSME owners and consumers selected purposively. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation, while data analysis is conducted using an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the implementation of business ethics, such as honesty, responsibility, and good service, can enhance customer trust and satisfaction. These factors subsequently encourage repeat purchases and positive word-of-mouth recommendations. The implication of this study suggests that the application of business ethics is a crucial strategy for MSMEs in strengthening customer loyalty and sustaining business continuity.

This study evaluates how macroeconomic variables such as interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates affect the returns on corporate bonds issued by the banking sector in Indonesia. Corporate bonds are an attractive investment alternative, but their performance is highly influenced by fluctuations in national economic conditions. This study uses secondary data obtained from company financial reports, macroeconomic data, and bond market information over a certain period. Multiple linear regression analysis is applied to assess the extent to which each factor affects bond returns. The analysis results indicate that increases in interest rates and inflation tend to reduce bond returns, while the effect of exchange rates is inconsistent and depends on the economic stability at the time. These findings can serve as important considerations for investors, financial analysts, and policymakers in managing risks and opportunities in the Indonesia banking bondmarket.

This study is motivated by the importance of psychological readiness of students in the Guidance and Counseling Study Program at Universitas Jambi in facing various academic and non-academic demands. Problems commonly experienced by students include decreased motivation, feelings of hopelessness, and the risk of dropping out due to the inability to cope with academic pressures. Grit is a combination of perseverance and consistency of interest in achieving long-term goals. Meanwhile, resilience is the ability of individuals to bounce back from difficulties and adapt positively to pressure. This study is limited to two main variables, namely grit and resilience among active students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program at Universitas Jambi. The indicators of grit include consistency of interest and perseverance of effort. The indicators of resilience include emotional regulation, impulse control, optimism, causal analysis, empathy, self-efficacy, and reaching out. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of grit, the level of resilience, and the relationship between grit and resilience among active students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program at Universitas Jambi. This study uses a quantitative correlational research design. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling with a total sample of 211 respondents. The instrument used in this study is a Likert scale.The results show that the level of grit is in the high category with a percentage of 76%. The level of resilience is also in the high category with a percentage of 76%. The results of hypothesis testing using Spearman’s Rho correlation technique show a correlation coefficient value of r = 0.439 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. This indicates a significant positive relationship between grit and resilience, which falls into the moderate correlation category