Publication Search

This study aims to analyse the legal status of physical possession evidenced by a Letter C under land law, as well as the issue of legal certainty in the resolution of land disputes by the state. Many members of the public still rely on a Letter C as proof of possession of the land they own, even though this document serves only as administrative evidence and not as a strong instrument of proof of ownership. This study employs a juridical-normative legal research method using a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials were gathered through a literature review and analysed qualitatively, with the findings presented in a descriptive format. The results indicate that Letter C possesses relatively weak evidential weight as it is merely an administrative record that does not follow the procedures within the land registration system as stipulated by the UUPA. Currently, Letter C serves only as a guide and therefore no longer possesses legal force equivalent to a certificate. The land system in Indonesia adopts a negative publication system with a positive tendency, meaning that a certificate constitutes strong evidence of rights, but may still be revoked if another party is able to prove their rights.

The role of citizenship education is fundamental in internalizing the values of nationalism and ethics within a society. This research is motivated by the increasing challenges of globalization and moral degradation that threaten the national identity of the younger generation. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the strategic role of citizenship education in shaping and strengthening national character within the Indonesian context. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing literature reviews and thematic analysis of educational policies and social phenomena. The findings indicate that citizenship education serves as a vital instrument not only for transferring political knowledge but also for fostering civic disposition, including integrity, tolerance, and social responsibility. Furthermore, the integration of local wisdom within the curriculum significantly enhances the effectiveness of character building. The implications of this study suggest that a revitalized citizenship education curriculum, which adapts to digital era challenges, is essential for maintaining social cohesion. Stakeholders in the education sector must prioritize interactive and participatory pedagogical approaches to ensure that national character values are not merely memorized but practiced in daily life, thereby ensuring the long-term sustainability of the nation's democratic values.

This study aims to analyze the paradox of stunting in Yemen, particularly the disconnect between humanitarian response priorities and children's actual nutritional needs amid the ongoing conflict. Stunting, a form of chronic malnutrition, is a significant public health issue in Yemen, exacerbated by the conflict's disruption of food, healthcare, and sanitation systems. Despite the clear evidence of rising stunting rates, international humanitarian interventions tend to focus on addressing acute crises, such as extreme hunger, while neglecting long-term nutritional needs. Using a qualitative literature review approach, the research synthesizes data from archival documents, reports, and secondary sources to explore the structural causes of stunting and the challenges faced by humanitarian actors in Yemen. The findings reveal that the protracted conflict, economic collapse, and humanitarian blockades have worsened food insecurity and malnutrition. Moreover, the humanitarian response often prioritizes short-term survival over long-term prevention of stunting, resulting in a lack of integrated, multisectoral interventions. The study emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift in humanitarian policies to incorporate long-term development strategies and integrate stunting prevention. This research contributes to the academic understanding of the humanitarian-development nexus and offers recommendations for more holistic interventions.

Human happiness does not lie in physical pleasure, victory, wealth, honour, worldly power, a beautiful body, or the senses. People in religious communities seek something deeper, contemplating and acknowledging the highest value in union with God. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Contra Gentiles, arguments that human happiness lies in the contemplation of God, through which one attains peace and fulfilment in total self-surrender to God. However, in the lived experience of religious communities, a fear of matters related to sexuality is evident. Indeed, some misunderstand and misinterpret these matters, resulting in monks and nuns who become cold, dry, and rigid, acting in ways that violate sexual morality, thereby disrupting or even destroying—their ministry due to such improper conduct. Based on this, the author recognises the importance of education and the appreciation of sexual values for religious communities. Using a literature review method involving relevant books, journals, articles, and Church documents with a theological approach, it was found that the education of religious people requires aspects of happiness and sexuality education. The results of the study indicate that Thomas Aquinas’s concept of happiness can bridge religious life with sexuality education, which is one aspect that must be understood and lived out. Therefore, the happiness of love and the sexuality education of religious people need to be explored and lived out in the course of living and experiencing life as a religious person.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a daily disease seen in rheumatology clinics. It predominantly involves the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is mostly spared except for the cervical spine where instability can occur and can be carefully assessed with cervical spine radiographs in flexion and extension. Radiographs may show erosion at the C1-C2 level with destruction of the transverse ligament that can result in atlantoaxial subluxation. Diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. Conventional radiography has been the mainstay for diagnosis of joint damage and subsequent follow-up. Radiography can provide only indirect information on synovial inflammation, however, and the technique is insensitive to early bone damage. Hand radiographs are frequently ordered as the first imaging modality in the assessment of patients presenting with peripheral arthritis. They can provide invaluable information about the bones, joints, mineralization, soft tissues and the distribution of abnormalities. Given the wide spectrum of rheumatic diseases, it might be challenging to make the diagnosis solely based on the clinical findings and imaging plays an important role in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Having the knowledge of the common radiographic manifestations of inflammatory arthritis is of paramount importance for clinicians and radiologists to diagnose the underlying disease in early stages of disease in order to start treatment. The purpose of the article is to review the key radiographic findings of common rheumatic diseases in the hands.

Post-disaster settlement recovery requires more than the provision of permanent housing; it demands an integrated approach covering social, economic, institutional, environmental, and disaster risk reduction dimensions. This study analyzes the Settlement Planning Document (RPP) of the Sibalaya Selatan Satellite Permanent Resettlement Area (Huntap) in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, which accommodates 118 households displaced by the 2018 Palu liquefaction disaster. The research examines the RPP as a participatory planning instrument for sustainable post-disaster recovery. A qualitative participatory approach using the Community Action Plan (CAP) method was conducted from July to November 2024 through focus group discussions, participatory workshops, formation of a Core Planning Team (TIP), field observations, document reviews, and public consultations. Data were analyzed using descriptive, infrastructure, spatial, and strengths-problems-opportunities-challenges frameworks. The findings reveal that community social capital, reflected in active organizations, social networks, and digital communication infrastructure, has been transformed into economic capital. In addition, four dimensions of community resilience economic, social, communication, and competence capacities were identified at varying levels of development. The TIP also played a strategic role in integrating the RPP into village and regional development planning. The resulting RPP contains 39 priority programs valued at approximately IDR 340.6 million for 2024-2028 across infrastructure, economic, social-environmental, and disaster risk reduction sectors. The study demonstrates that the CAP approach effectively supports sustainable settlement development and offers a replicable model for post-disaster resettlement areas in Indonesia.

Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent threat to hospital care, particularly when empirical therapy relies on broad-spectrum antibiotics without continuous evaluation of local use and susceptibility patterns. This literature review aimed to synthesize evidence from four Indonesian hospital-based studies regarding antibiotic utilization, rationality assessment, and bacterial resistance profiles. A structured narrative review was conducted using four selected articles provided by the author. Data were extracted for study design, setting, population, antibiotic evaluation method, dominant antibiotic classes, rationality indicators, resistance profile, and stewardship implications. The four studies were descriptive and hospital-based, using retrospective records, concurrent observation, ATC/DDD with DU 90%, qualitative rationality criteria, and antibiogram data. The synthesis showed a consistent concentration of antibiotic use in broad-spectrum groups, especially third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, and macrolides. In a Bandung public hospital, total antibiotic consumption reached 95,719.01 DDD, with penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, macrolides, and sulfonamides included in the DU 90% segment. In intensive care, ceftriaxone was the most frequently used antibiotic and most rationality indicators were appropriate, although clinically significant drug interactions were still identified. In pediatric acute respiratory infection inpatients, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone dominated empirical therapy. Resistance mapping in Denpasar highlighted relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens and recommended antibiotics according to susceptibility levels. Overall, the reviewed evidence supports an integrated antimicrobial stewardship model combining ATC/DDD-DU 90% surveillance, qualitative rationality evaluation, antibiogram-based empirical guidance, and periodic feedback to prescribers.

This article examines the re-actualization of teachers’ social competence within the digital learning ecosystem. The rapid development of technology has transformed conventional learning into digital-based environments, which significantly affect the patterns of interaction between teachers and students. This transformation often leads to reduced direct communication, emotional connection, and social engagement in the learning process. Therefore, this study aims to explore the importance of strengthening teachers’ social competence and to identify strategies for its re-actualization in digital learning contexts, particularly in early childhood education. This study uses a qualitative approach through a literature review by analyzing relevant journals, books, and scientific articles published in recent years. The findings indicate that teachers’ social competence remains a crucial factor in creating meaningful learning, even in virtual environments. Effective communication, empathy, and interactive engagement must be adapted to digital platforms. The study also highlights several strategies, such as integrating humanistic approaches, optimizing interactive media, and enhancing digital communication skills. These findings imply that strengthening teachers’ social competence is essential to support effective and holistic learning in the digital era.

Indonesia, as a country located at the intersection of three tectonic plates, is highly vulnerable to earthquakes. This has led to the development of various innovations in earthquake-resistant housing. An interesting phenomenon can be found in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, where several vernacular houses of the Kaili people constructed with a hybrid design (wooden frame and mud walls) have proven to withstand the major earthquake that struck Palu, Central Sulawesi, in 2018. This study aims to examine the architectural typology of non-engineered hybrid houses within the Kaili community using a qualitative descriptive approach and typological analysis. Data collection involved direct observation, interviews, and literature reviews, with a focus on the spatial and physical systems of the buildings. The sample for the study was determined through purposive sampling with specific criteria. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that, despite changes in materials due to adaptations to technological advancements and reconstruction policies, the spatial layout and fundamental structure of the houses have maintained traditional philosophies. These houses demonstrate the integration of cultural values, local knowledge about seismic activity, and the use of local materials, which allow for both structural flexibility and some rigidity, contributing to the buildings’ resilience. These findings highlight the importance of combining technical and cultural approaches in designing earthquake-resistant houses within a local context.

The rapid growth of digital commerce has encouraged companies to integrate digital and physical marketing channels to create seamless and consistent customer experiences. This study aims to analyze the role of integrated marketing channels through omnichannel strategies, the utilization of Artificial intelligence (AI), and their impact on customer experience in the context of digital commerce. The study employs a Systematic literature review (SLR) approach by examining relevant scholarly articles related to omnichannel marketing, AI technologies, and customer experience. The findings indicate that integrated marketing channels supported by AI enhance service personalization, customer engagement, operational efficiency, and the quality of interactions between companies and customers. Furthermore, the implementation of omnichannel strategies contributes to higher customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing a more connected experience across multiple customer touchpoints. However, the implementation of integrated marketing channels still faces several challenges, including fragmented channel integration, technological complexity, high investment requirements, and concerns regarding customer data privacy and security. Therefore, effective management of integrated marketing channels is essential for improving customer experience while creating sustainable competitive advantages for companies in an increasingly dynamic digital era.

The development of social media, particularly TikTok, has played a significant role in shaping beauty trends and constructing ideal facial standards among young generations. The TikTok Beauty phenomenon not only provides diverse makeup references but also reinforces specific visual representations that influence perceptions of beauty. This study aims to examine the relationship between the TikTok Beauty phenomenon, the process of facial standardization, and its implications for the development of makeup techniques. A qualitative approach was employed through content analysis and literature review. Primary data were obtained from observations of popular TikTok videos under the hashtags #beautytrend, #makeup, and #tiktokbeauty, while secondary data were drawn from scholarly literature on beauty standards, social construction, and social media algorithms. The findings indicate that TikTok strengthens certain beauty standards such as fair skin, slim facial contours, and a flawless appearance which in turn influence techniques like complexion layering and visual manipulation. However, the platform also provides space for more inclusive and diverse beauty narratives. This study recommends enhancing aesthetic literacy to ensure that makeup practices prioritize diversity and the unique characteristics of each individual.

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital technology is developing rapidly. This has prompted the world of education to make major changes in learning methods, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Until now, PAI has used outdated methods. These methods are inadequate to meet the needs of children who are accustomed to technology. Therefore, there is a need for technology integration in the learning process. This study aims to determine how to use E-Learning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PAI learning. This study also aims to determine the benefits, challenges, and strategies for implementing these technologies. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review type. Data were obtained from various sources, such as books, scientific articles, journals, and relevant documents. The results show that the use of E-Learning, LMS, and AI can improve the quality of PAI learning. E-Learning makes learning easier and more flexible. LMS helps manage learning more systematically. AI helps make learning more personalized and tailored to students' needs. However, the implementation of these technologies still faces several challenges, such as limited infrastructure and low digital skills of teachers and students. Therefore, a strategy is needed to address these challenges. This strategy includes enhancing digital capabilities, strengthening technological infrastructure, developing innovative learning media, and monitoring the use of technology based on Islamic values. This will ensure optimal integration of technology into Islamic Religious Education learning.

This study is motivated by the increasing complexity of global culture, which demands a value system capable of providing direction and meaning in human life. In this context, Islam is viewed as having the potential to serve as a global value system through a cultural concept grounded in revelatory values. This study aims to analyze the concept of culture from an Islamic perspective as a global value system by examining the thought of Ali Ahmad Madkur. The method used is a qualitative approach based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), systematically and critically examining various relevant scientific literature. The results of the study indicate that Islamic culture in Madkur’s thought is built upon two main dimensions: the normative dimension, which is derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah, and the practical dimension as its actualization in social life. Although this approach has strengths in maintaining the integrity of values, it still faces challenges in responding to the complex, dynamic, and hybrid nature of global cultural dynamics. Therefore, a more integrative approach is needed to ensure that Islamic cultural values remain relevant and operational in a global context. This study has implications for strengthening more contextual studies of Islamic culture and developing Islamic education that is adaptive to the changing times.

Introduction: Ramadan fasting is a religious practice observed by Muslims by abstaining from food and drink from dawn until sunset. These changes may increase the need for oral and dental healthcare. However, some Muslims still perceive that undergoing dental treatment while fasting may invalidate the fast, leading many patients to delay or avoid dental visits during Ramadan. Objective: This study aims to review and analyse various scientific literature regarding the safety and permissibility of dental procedures for patients who are observing fasting during Ramadan. Methods: This study used a narrative review method by searching scientific articles through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using keywords relevant to the research topic. Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The review findings indicate that most dental procedures, such as local anaesthesia administration, scaling, restorative treatment, and tooth extraction, generally do not invalidate fasting as long as no material or fluid is intentionally swallowed. The use of suction devices, isolation of the treatment area, and proper scheduling of dental procedures are important factors in minimizing the risk of swallowing fluids during treatment. Conclusion: Most dental procedures can be safely performed on fasting patients while still considering both medical aspects and Islamic principles. Patient education regarding the safety of dental procedures during fasting should be improved to prevent delays in treatment and complications in oral health.

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in various aspects of life, including early childhood faith education. Today’s children are growing up in an environment familiar with digital media, making it necessary to adopt a catechetical approach that keeps pace with the times. This article aims to examine the use of digital catechesis as a tool for early childhood faith education. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, gathering data from books, scientific journals, research articles, Church documents, and other relevant sources. The data is analyzed using descriptive-qualitative methods to understand the benefits, challenges, and role of digital catechesis in fostering children’s faith. Research findings indicate that digital catechesis can serve as an effective, engaging, and interactive medium for helping children learn about the teachings of the faith from an early age. The use of animated videos, religious songs, educational images, and learning apps can enhance children’s interest in learning, attention, and understanding of Catholic faith values. Furthermore, digital catechesis also assists the Church, families, and schools in providing faith education that is more contextual and aligned with the world of today’s children. However, the use of digital media still requires the guidance of parents, teachers, and faith mentors so that children receive proper direction and are protected from the negative impacts of technology. Thus, digital catechesis is a relevant tool in the faith education of young children when used wisely and purposefully. The presence of digital media does not replace the role of faith educators but serves as a tool that enriches the process of proclaiming the faith in the modern era.

The growth of information technology has driven changes in consumer behavior, one of which is through e-commerce platforms such as Shopee. This phenomenon has generated a large number of customer reviews, including those for local cosmetic products such as Wardah. These reviews serve as an important source of information for understanding customer perceptions and satisfaction levels. However, manual analysis of large and linguistically diverse datasets is inefficient and potentially subjective. This study aims to implement the multi-category Naive Bayes algorithm to classify the sentiment of Wardah product reviews on Shopee into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The data were collected using a web scraping technique and processed through a series of preprocessing stages including case folding, tokenization, stopword removal, stemming, and text cleaning. Subsequently, term weighting was performed using the TF-IDF method prior to classification. Model performance was evaluated using a confusion matrix as well as accuracy, precision, and recall metrics. The results indicate that the multi-category Naive Bayes algorithm achieved an accuracy of 86.00%, a precision of 86.63%, and a recall of 98.24%. This approach can assist business practitioners in objectively understanding customer opinions and support decision-making in business strategy and product development.

The era of globalization presents challenges of moral degradation among students, including intolerance, individualism, and declining nationalism. These issues make character strengthening through Civic Education (PKn) a national priority. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of PKn in shaping students’ character, particularly the values of religiosity, nationalism, independence, mutual cooperation, and integrity. The research employed a qualitative Library research design using secondary data from 18 scientific journals and 2 books published between 2021 and 2026. Data were collected through literature review and analyzed using content and thematic analysis to identify patterns of PKn implementation and its impact. The findings indicate that PKn effectively develops Good citizenship through character education based on Pancasila. Effective strategies include teacher role modeling, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and digital media such as infographics and gamification. These approaches were reported to improve empathy, national loyalty, and integrity among students. The Merdeka Curriculum further supports character development by emphasizing affective learning through authentic projects. Challenges arising from foreign cultural influences can be addressed through collaboration among schools, families, and communities. The study concludes that PKn plays a significant role in strengthening students’ character and supporting the realization of Golden Indonesia 2045 through sustainable character education.

Makeup artistry is an aesthetic skill that functions to enhance appearance while concealing facial imperfections. Techniques such as foundation selection, foundation mixing, contouring, and natural makeup application have been proven to influence the quality of makeup results, both in terms of durability and aesthetics. This study employs a literature review method by examining several national and international journals related to makeup techniques. The findings indicate that selecting the appropriate type of foundation and applying mixing techniques can extend makeup durability for more than two hours. Furthermore, daily makeup practice significantly improves practical skills within society, while basic knowledge of cosmetics shows a positive correlation with the proper use of cosmetic products. This review emphasizes that makeup techniques have a tangible impact on the quality of results, whether in educational contexts, professional practice, or everyday needs. Therefore, mastering both theoretical and practical aspects of makeup artistry is essential for the sustainable development.

The concept of the natural look in facial makeup has continued to develop along with changes in beauty trends that emphasize a simple, clean, and natural appearance. The natural look is not only understood as a makeup technique involving minimal cosmetic use, but also as a representation of modern beauty perceptions that highlight authenticity and self-confidence. This article aims to examine the concept of the natural look in facial makeup through a literature review of various relevant previous studies. The method used is a literature study by analyzing scientific journals and books discussing natural makeup techniques and beauty perceptions. The results indicate that the natural look is achieved through the use of neutral colors, light application techniques, adjustment to individual facial characteristics, and the selection of cosmetics that support a natural appearance. In addition, beauty perceptions of the natural look tend to emphasize simplicity, cleanliness, and an authentic impression. Therefore, the natural look can be understood as a combination of technical approaches in makeup and social constructions of the meaning of beauty in society.

Inclusive education aims to provide equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs, within regular educational settings. However, mathematics learning in inclusive classrooms remains challenging because mathematical concepts are often abstract and require logical reasoning that may not be easily accessible to learners with diverse cognitive characteristics. Ethnomathematics has emerged as an alternative approach by integrating cultural practices, local wisdom, and students’ daily experiences into mathematics instruction, creating more meaningful and accessible learning environments. This study aims to analyze the development, implementation patterns, opportunities, and research gaps related to ethnomathematics in inclusive mathematics learning. A literature review method was employed by examining scientific publications from 2020–2025 obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, Springer, and ProQuest databases. Data were analyzed through content analysis involving reduction, classification, interpretation, and synthesis. The findings indicate that ethnomathematics has been implemented through cultural artifacts, digital teaching materials, and project-based contextual learning. The approach supports inclusive learning through multi-representational access, instructional adaptations, scaffolding strategies, and collaborative teaching practices aligned with Universal Design for Learning principles. Furthermore, ethnomathematics enhances students’ motivation, conceptual understanding, mathematical literacy, and cultural identity. Nevertheless, studies focusing on disability-specific adaptations and long-term learning outcomes remain limited and require further investigation.