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The rapid advancements in automation and artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly transformed various industries in Indonesia. While these technologies enhance efficiency and productivity, they also pose severe challenges to employment, notably the increasing prevalence of layoffs (PHK). This article critically analyzes the legal framework in Indonesia governing worker protection against layoffs caused by automation and AI. It highlights the inadequacies in current regulations, such as the Employment Law and the Job Creation Law, in addressing the unique challenges posed by digital transformation. Using a normative legal approach, the study emphasizes the need for adaptive policies, including reskilling, upskilling, and enhanced social security programs like the Employment Loss Insurance (JKP). Lessons from countries like Germany and Singapore underline the importance of government and industry collaboration in workforce readiness. The findings advocate for a holistic and inclusive policy framework to mitigate automation’s adverse effects while leveraging its potential for sustainable development.

Plastic waste is one of the sources of problems for all living things, especially humans and their environment. So there is a need for awareness of this adverse impact. Measures such as the use of environmentally friendly alternatives, plastic reduction education, and government policies to limit the production and distribution of single-use plastics are increasingly being promoted. By implementing these alternative measures, it can have an impact on keeping our earth clean. The method used in this research is normative juridical, this research leads to the scientific field of law, regulations, and provisions that apply to a problem. In this case, a review of laws and regulations relating to plastic waste reduction policies is carried out. Meanwhile, the meaning of normative legal research is research conducted by looking at any library material as secondary data and is also considered as library legal research. According to the Jambeck Research Group report in 2015, Indonesia ranks second after China in the contribution of plastic waste to the ocean, with an estimated 3.2 million tons of plastic waste per year, and around 640,000-1.29 million tons end up at sea. By 2024, plastic waste in Indonesia is projected to reach around 13.98% of the total national waste generation, with an estimated volume of around 9.9 million tons. As a wise individual, we should not only rely on government policies in dealing with plastic waste, but each individual must be educated in order to create awareness of the dangers of the impact caused by the waste of plastic use.

Industrial policy in Indonesia faces significant challenges in an era of increasingly complex globalization. Globalization brings great opportunities for domestic companies to compete globally, but also poses risks such as economic inequality and unemployment. To address these challenges, the government needs to develop a smart industrial policy that not only encourages sectoral growth but also stimulates cross-sectoral innovation. Selecting imported goods, imposing high import fees on commodities that can already be produced domestically, and providing capital injections to companies with comparative advantages are effective ways to protect local industries from the negative impacts of globalization. Digitalization must also go hand in hand with the implementation of this strategy so that sectors can use digital technology to increase productivity and create new economic opportunities, especially for micro, small, and start-up businesses. Furthermore, Indonesia's economic strength in navigating the problems of globalization may lie in its integration with the creative economy. Indonesia's industrial economy requires creative and innovative human resources so that the creative sector can develop and compete on a global scale.

The DI/TII social movement, which began on August 7, 1949, emerged as a result of socio-political tensions, particularly resistance to the Reorganization and Rationalization (Rera) policy. This movement aimed to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia and arose as a reaction to government policies perceived as inconsistent with Islamic principles. Discontent among former TNI soldiers and local militias due to the Rera policy fueled the movement, with many of these disillusioned individuals joining DI/TII. On February 10–11, 1948, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo and Raden Oni organized a conference of Islamic leaders, during which the idea of forming the Islamic State of Indonesia (Negara Islam Indonesia, NII) was introduced. Kartosuwiryo declared himself the Grand Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia. The widespread and massive expansion of this movement increasingly disrupted society, as it involved acts of extortion and armed resistance, creating unrest and opposition among the population. In response, the Indonesian government adopted a responsive legal approach, reflected in measures such as the enactment of the Emergency Law of 1949 and the re-adoption of the 1945 Constitution, which included restrictions in Article 28J(2). Various efforts were undertaken to address the situation, including the deployment of military operations to suppress the rebellion and restore stability.

This study explores the application of the design thinking approach in the pre-planning phase of subsidized homeownership for Generation Z in Indonesia. As Generation Z enters adulthood and begins to plan for the future, they face various challenges in achieving homeownership, particularly regarding financial issues and access to subsidized housing programs. The design thinking approach is used to gain a deeper understanding of the needs, desires, and barriers faced by Generation Z through the stages of empathy, problem definition, ideation, prototyping, and testing. By focusing on innovative and user-centered solutions, this research aims to design a more relevant and acceptable subsidized homeownership model for Generation Z. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights for housing developers and policymakers in designing more efficient and appropriate housing policies and programs that align with the socio-economic dynamics of Generation Z.

This research analyzes the role of monetary policy in controlling inflation through a literature study. Monetary policy, with instruments such as interest rates, open market operations, and minimum cash reserves, plays an important role in stabilizing prices. Literature analysis shows that the effectiveness of monetary policy in controlling inflation is highly dependent on economic conditions, political stability and public expectations. In addition, monetary policy sometimes faces limitations in dealing with global crises, which require fiscal policy support for optimal results. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a reference for more effective policies in controlling inflation in the future.

This study analyzes the strategy and development of industry in Indonesia with the aim of identifying the main factors that influence the growth of the industrial sector. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study through related documents and journals. The results of the study indicate that industrial growth is influenced by economic, social, technological factors, and government policies. These factors include the growth of the manufacturing sector, the availability of skilled labor, investment, and the adoption of Industrial Revolution 4.0 technology. Government strategies such as Making Indonesia 4.0, tax incentives, and infrastructure improvements have played a significant role in encouraging industrial competitiveness in the global market. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, high production costs that hinder growth, especially for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and product quality that does not meet international standards are still major obstacles. This study concludes that in order to maintain competitiveness, industry must increase innovation, implement new technologies and strengthen the quality of human resources. The active involvement of the government in supporting policies and infrastructure is crucial to encourage sustainable industrial development.

This study investigates the impact of public policy on social welfare, specifically through the lens of social assistance programs in the digital era. As technology continues to evolve, the implementation of social assistance programs has transformed, leading to new opportunities for enhancing service delivery and accessibility. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative case studies to assess the effectiveness of these programs in improving social welfare outcomes. The findings reveal that while digital tools can enhance the reach and efficiency of social assistance initiatives, challenges such as digital divide and data privacy concerns must be addressed to ensure equitable access for all beneficiaries. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of integrating technology into public policy frameworks to foster sustainable social welfare improvements in an increasingly digital world.

Political law is the basic policy that is the basis for the formation, implementation and enforcement of law in a country. In the context of criminal cases in Indonesia, legal politics is reflected in the judge's considerations when handing down a decision. This research aims to analyze how legal politics influences judges' considerations in criminal cases and the extent to which these factors reflect substantive justice, legal certainty and legal benefits. By using a normative juridical approach and analysis of court decisions, this research finds that judges' considerations are influenced by various factors, such as statutory regulations, legal doctrine, jurisprudence, and social values ​​that develop in society. The legal politics applied by judges in their decisions often show an attempt to balance the need for legal certainty with substantive justice. However, in some cases, it was found that judges' considerations could be influenced by external pressures or developing political dynamics, which had the potential to cloud the principle of judicial independence. These findings provide important insights for policy makers and law enforcers to strengthen a justice system that is oriented towards justice and integrity.

The development of the times influences the education system, including the curriculum, which serves as the foundation for achieving educational goals. This article discusses the importance of the curriculum in enhancing the quality of education, particularly in Islamic Education (PAI), as well as how the curriculum is designed to address societal challenges and student needs. This research employs a qualitative approach and descriptive methods to gather information related to curriculum development, which consists of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The curriculum is dynamic and contextual, emphasizing the involvement of relevant parties in adjustments according to social and cultural conditions. The article also explains the design of educational programs, which includes objectives, content, learning experiences, and evaluation, as well as the principles that must be adhered to in curriculum design. Thus, the role of teachers as educators and implementers of the curriculum significantly impacts the quality of learning, making the collaboration between education policy and field practice a key factor in achieving educational success.

Culture plays an important role in developing students' character and improving students' literacy, especially in the digital era that reflects the 21st century. This study aims to investigate the role of school culture in fostering student character and literary development through the study of literature. The data summary consists of several articles selected using a selection process of 20 articles selected using the Publish or Perish tool. The findings of the analysis show that a school culture based on religious values and literacy is able to create a conducive and inclusive learning environment. Programs such as congregational prayer, tadarus, library optimization and community-based activities provide significant support in improving students' discipline, responsibility and literacy skills. However, the research results are based on school leadership, community involvement and policy support. This highlights the importance of holistic education in creating a school culture that is in line with globalization and digitalization trends. The findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in building a school culture that is relevant to the challenges of globalization and digitalization. This research makes theoretical and practical contributions to designing educational strategies that focus on strengthening school culture.

Trade liberalization has become an integral part of economic globalization, providing both opportunities and challenges for the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of trade liberalization on MSMEs, including the opportunities it creates, the challenges faced, and the adaptive strategies that can be implemented. Using a qualitative approach based on literature reviews, this study explores various references related to the socio-economic impacts and policy implications for the MSME sector. The findings indicate that although trade liberalization opens broader market access and enhances innovation potential, MSMEs face significant challenges such as global competition, limited capital, and compliance with international quality standards. Therefore, inclusive policies and empowerment programs are essential to ensure MSMEs’ sustainability and equitable benefits from trade liberalization.

Oligopoly is a market structure controlled by a small number of companies that dominate market share. This research examines the impact of oligopoly on society and industrial growth, with a focus on economic, social and structural aspects. Economically, oligopoly can reduce price competition and lead to price regulation that is detrimental to consumers. Socially, this market structure can exacerbate economic inequality and limit the opportunities of small entrepreneurs. In terms of industrial growth, oligopoly can provide stability, but also reduce incentives for innovation. This research also discusses the role of government policies, such as antitrust regulations, in reducing the negative impacts of oligopolies.  This research will also discuss the role of government policy in regulating oligopolies to ensure that the negative impacts of this market structure can be minimized. Policies such as antitrust and price regulation need to be implemented to maintain a balance between industrial stability and societal welfare.

This study aims to analyze financial management at SMAN 9 Bandung, focusing on efficiency, prioritization, and accountability. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through structured interviews with the school treasurer to explore challenges, practices, and solutions in fund management. The findings reveal that the primary funding sources are BOS and BOP, which are often insufficient to meet operational needs. Budget preparation involves collaboration among the principal, teachers, and school committee, while financial oversight is enhanced through the ARKAS application to ensure transparency. Key challenges include limited funds and adjustments to new policy-driven needs. Diversifying funding sources, optimizing budgets, and empowering the school committee are recommended solutions to improve financial management and educational quality

Examining how the Islamic monetary system uses money to build a stable and just economy is the aim of this study. Money is not to be hoarded or handled like a commodity, according to the Islamic monetary system, which views it as a public good and flow notion that functions as a medium of exchange and a unit of value. In Islam, money serves primarily as a medium of exchange, a standard of payment, and a gauge of value, speculation and wealth hoarding are prohibited. In contrast to traditional interest-based systems, the Islamic monetary system places a higher priority on mechanisms that allow for profit-and-loss sharing. Because hoarding money can slow down economic turnover and produce stagnation, it is forbidden in Islam. This is because money must continue to circulate in order to preserve economic viability.  QS Al-Hasyr: 7 and QS At-Taubah: 34–35, which explain hoarding of wealth and promote the use of money for the good of society, both highlight this principle of wealth sharing. Using data from pertinent literature and journals, this study employs a qualitative methodology based on literature reviews. Furthermore, This study is expected to provide the groundwork for a more effective sharia monetary policy that encourages equitable and balanced economic growth.

The branch of economics called Islamic monetary policy discusses the nature, function, and impact of monetary policy in a country. Not only the supply and demand of money, this Islamic monetary emphasizes the principles of justice and brotherhood that pursue equality and create equitable distribution of wealth and income. The purpose of this research is to see how the transmission of Islamic monetary policy on the performance of MSMEs in Serang City. To stay competitive or even win the competition, an organization can evaluate its strategy in the face of an ever-changing market. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are very flexible and resilient to the economy, but they have several limitations such as financial capabilities and human resources. To gain a competitive advantage, MSMEs must be able to determine the right strategy. This research uses a descriptive approach by using observation techniques and interviews with MSME actors in Serang City. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the sharia monetary policy applied to the performance of MSMEs in Serang City is very helpful for business actors by providing access to safe capital, effective money management training, and information technology-based marketing training.

The aim of this research is to examine how Indonesia's economic growth in the 2020–2023 era is influenced by the implementation of sharia monetary policy, especially the Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS) and sharia sukuk instruments. This research uses a literature review methodology and analyzes secondary data from sources such as books, scientific journals and articles. An important component of this research is statistical data, which includes information regarding inflation, economic developments and sharia monetary policy collected from official organizations such as the Financial Services Authority (OJK), Bank Indonesia and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Economic development and changes in SBIS rates are not significantly correlated, according to data analysis. However, the evolution of Islamic sukuk shows a very encouraging pattern. Investor interest in sharia sukuk is increasing, this shows the enormous potential of this instrument in spurring economic expansion. The findings of this research indicate that sharia sukuk have enormous potential as a source of development financing and can play an important role in driving progress in the Indonesian economy, although the contribution of SBIS is less significant.

International trade is the main pillar of global economic development. For Indonesia, international trade policy plays a strategic role in encouraging economic growth. As a country rich in natural resources and with a large population, Indonesia has the potential to be significant in the global value chain. However, fluctuations in commodity prices, competitive pressures, and protectionism of trading partners are obstacles that need to be overcome. This study examines the impact of international trade policies on Indonesia's economic growth through a literature study. The analysis focuses on the influence of tariff regulation, free trade agreements, and non-tariff policies on the competitiveness of national products and the protection of domestic industries. The results show that trade policies are effective in creating synergies between exports and economic growth, although challenges in the form of dependence on primary commodity exports and the need to increase manufacturing competitiveness remain. This study recommends strengthening infrastructure, improving the quality of human resources, and sustainable economic policies as strategies to optimize international trade for national economic development.

The manufacturing industry is still the main driver of the national economy. This is reflected in the consistency of the non-oil and gas processing industry which makes the largest contribution to the national gross domestic product (GDP) with an achievement of 16.30 percent in the second quarter of 2023. The ability of the manufacturing sector to provide traded goods and jobs makes it a significant contributor to Indonesia's economic situation. The Indonesian government has taken various steps to increase competitiveness in industries that are considered strategic in facing liberalization towards the ASEAN Single Market, including the manufacturing sector. One of the most important economic sectors for Indonesia is the manufacturing sector. Apart from exports and its contribution to GDP which continues to increase, the manufacturing sector is a labor-intensive sector that absorbs a lot of workers.

This study examines the implementation of industrial development policies at PT Pertamina (Persero) as a strategic step in supporting national energy security and sustainable development. Referring to the National Industrial Development Master Plan (RIPIN) 2015-2035, this study highlights Pertamina's contribution to energy source diversification, operational efficiency, and strengthening industrial competitiveness. The analysis was conducted using a qualitative method based on literature studies with the Miles and Huberman model approach. The results of the study indicate that the RIPIN policy is implemented effectively through the development of renewable energy technology and increasing the capacity of energy infrastructure. However, several obstacles such as limited infrastructure, technology adoption, and global competition still affect the achievement of policy objectives. This study provides an important contribution in understanding the role of national energy companies in supporting an inclusive and environmentally friendly industrial development agenda.