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This study examines the relationship between suffering in Job 1–21 and God's sovereignty in the Old Testament. The problem arises from the tension between the theology of retribution that links suffering to sin and the reality that the righteous can also suffer. Job is a key figure in understanding this theological dilemma. This study uses a qualitative method with a biblical exegetical approach through analysis of historical context, literary structure, and theological meaning. The primary data comes from the text of Job 1–21, supported by relevant theological literature. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to find the relationship between suffering and God's sovereignty. The results show that Job's suffering is not a direct result of sin, but rather occurs within the scope of God's sovereignty that transcends human understanding. This text also critiques the rigid understanding of the theology of retribution and emphasizes that faith is rooted in trust, not merely rational understanding. Job's perseverance demonstrates that suffering can be a means of faith growth as well as a test that deepens humanity's relationship with God. This study emphasizes that suffering is part of God's sovereign plan and encourages believers to remain faithful and persevere amidst the uncertainties and struggles of life.

This study aims to investigate the determinants of job performance by integrating the variables of capability, social interaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a moderating variable. The phenomenon of employee turnover and discrepancies in staff discretionary behavior within the hospital setting serves as the primary rationale for this study. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 240 respondents at Magelang City Islamic Hospital through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on AMOS software to test the causal relationships among variables in the structural model. The research findings provide empirical confirmation that individual capabilities and the quality of social inter-actions have a positive and significant influence on stimulating the formation of OCB. Furthermore, statistical test results demonstrate that capabilities, social interactions, and OCB simultaneously make a significant contribution to improving employee work performance. The presence of OCB is identified as a crucial factor capable of strengthening organizational performance outcomes. The practical implications of this study emphasize the need for hospital management to formulate human resource development strategies focused on strengthening technical skills and social cohesion to mit-igate the impact of turnover and accelerate the sustainable performance of healthcare services.

Arabic language learning is influenced not only by cognitive ability but also by students’ learning characteristics, including affective, social, and physiological dimensions, particularly the phenomenon of language anxiety that often hinders language performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between students’ learning characteristics and the emergence of language anxiety in Arabic language learning, as well as to formulate its implications for instructional strategies. This research employs a qualitative approach through a conceptual study based on relevant literature concerning learning characteristics and language anxiety. The findings indicate that variations in students’ characteristics contribute to different levels of anxiety across the four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Language anxiety is multidimensional and affects students’ participation, motivation, and academic performance. Therefore, Arabic language instruction should be designed using differentiated, communicative, and student-centered approaches while fostering a supportive learning environment. The study highlights the importance of the teacher’s role as a facilitator who understands students’ cognitive and affective dynamics in order to create more effective, humanistic, and responsive Arabic language learning.

The management of Indonesia's Border Crossing Posts (Pos Lintas Batas Negara/PLBN) in land border areas presents a critical normative gap between the country's international legal obligations and their actual implementation. This study departs from prior descriptive approaches by offering a critical normative-gap analysis that identifies specific disharmonies between bilateral agreements, international conventions, and national legislation governing PLBN operations. Employing a normative juridical method with statute, conceptual, and case approaches, this research examines three focal issues: (1) the normative gap between Indonesia's international legal commitments under instruments such as the United Nations Charter, Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963, Revised Kyoto Convention, International Health Regulations 2005, and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), and their domestic implementation; (2) the legal factors generating regulatory disharmony in PLBN governance, particularly the inconsistency between bilateral Border Crossing Agreements with Malaysia and Timor-Leste and national legislation; and (3) specific case-based evidence of implementation failures, including unauthorized border crossings at PLBN Motamasin and the pending boundary delimitation in the Noel Besi Citrana and Bidjael Sunan Oben segments with Timor-Leste. The findings reveal that regulatory disharmony, institutional fragmentation in the CIQS system, inadequate human resource capacity, and unresolved boundary disputes constitute structural legal deficits that undermine the effective governance of PLBN. This article recommends a comprehensive legal harmonization strategy, strengthened bilateral diplomatic engagement, and institutional reform grounded in international legal standards.  

This study uses a qualitative research design with a literature study approach to examine the theological meaning of the suffering of the righteous in the Book of Job, specifically chapters 1–2 and 38–42. The literature study method was applied by collecting primary data in the form of biblical texts and secondary data from relevant national scientific journals. The approach used includes narrative interpretation to understand the story's structure, Job's character, and the dynamics of events, and theological interpretation to interpret suffering from the perspective of God's sovereignty. The results show that Job is portrayed as a righteous man who is pious, honest, and fears God, so his suffering is not related to personal sin. Job's suffering is holistic, encompassing physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects, and occurs in the context of God's permission of Satan's actions, confirming that no event is outside His sovereignty. God's response in chapters 38–42 emphasizes His greatness and wisdom through revelation from the storm, rather than through a rational explanation of the cause of suffering. These findings confirm that the primary purpose of suffering is not to be explained intellectually, but to purify faith and deepen humanity's relationship with God. Its relevance for the church today lies in the need for sound theological teaching on suffering, pastoral care for those who suffer, and the development of communities that sustain the faith and hope of the congregation. Thus, suffering, from the perspective of God's sovereignty, serves as a means of forming spiritual character, strengthening the resilience of faith, and recognizing the sovereign God.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of bureaucratic reform in improve the administrative performance of the Sorong City Regional Secretariat. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 30 government apparatus respondents using the Likert scale and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Meanwhile, qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with key informants and analyzed using thematic analysis and data triangulation. The results of the study show that the implementation of bureaucratic reform is positively related to the organization's administrative performance. The variables of policy communication, apparatus resources, and bureaucratic structure show a fairly strong correlation with administrative performance, with bureaucratic structure exhibiting the strongest relationship. Qualitative findings also show that bureaucratic reform has been carried out through simplifying procedures, updating SOPs, digitizing administration, and strengthening the performance reporting system. Theoretically, this research strengthens policy implementation theory and public organizational performance theory, which emphasize the importance of policy communication, human resource capacity, and the effectiveness of organizational structures in improving bureaucratic performance. However, this study has limitations in scope, as it is confined to a single organizational unit and a relatively small number of respondents. Therefore, further research is suggested to expand the research object in several regional apparatus organizations in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the implementation of bureaucratic reform at the local government level.

This paper attempts to explore the theological meaning of the Book of Job, particularly in the context of Job's suffering and God's justice. The author focuses this writing on understanding faith in suffering, with the aim of providing a deep interpretation of faith in suffering. The Book of Job is part of the Wisdom Books group consisting of 42 chapters, which discuss the suffering experienced by Job himself, and how he responded to the trials given to him by Satan with God's permission. This writing uses qualitative methods and a library research approach. This paper explains that the Book of Job provides a complex picture of the relationship between human suffering and God's justice. The main finding in this writing is highlighting the urgency of deep reflection on trust, tests of faith, and the meaning of life, leading to the conclusion that suffering is interpreted as an instrument of refining faith in God, then guiding believers towards His will and providence. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper is that suffering is interpreted as an instrument of priesthood of God, which then guides humans who believe in God's will and providence.

The increase in the number of elderly residents demands the provision of residential facilities that not only meet physical needs, but also support the psychological and social well-being of their users. This study aims to formulate the concept of behavioral architecture-based nursing home design by focusing on the relationship between elderly activity patterns, privacy levels, and spatial relationships of space in the local context of Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach in the framework of architectural design, with data collection through observation of elderly activities, site analysis, and documentation studies. Activity data was analyzed to identify space needs and usage patterns, then synthesized with site characteristics to formulate the concepts of zoning, circulation, and behavior-based spatial relationships. The results of the study show that the activities of the elderly form a layered behavioral structure, including residential and health activities as primary needs as well as social, productive, and educational activities as support for psychosocial welfare. Hierarchically arranged space zoning based on privacy levels has been proven to improve the readability of the space, sense of security, and comfort of the elderly. The integration of green open spaces as part of the activity system also strengthens support for light physical activity and social interaction. This study confirms that the application of behavioral architecture allows the translation of data on elderly behavior and site conditions into a contextual, humanist, and quality-of-life-oriented design concept. These findings provide practical implications for designers and policymakers in the development of sustainable elderly housing.

This study aims to analyze the symbolic meaning in the modern poem “Lentera di Dalam Hujan” using a semiotic approach. This approach is employed to reveal the relationship between signs, symbols, and meanings that represent emotional experiences and reflections on life contained in the poem. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method, with the data source being the text of the poem analyzed through the stages of identifying signs, interpreting symbols, and drawing meanings based on semiotic theory. The results indicate that the symbol of the lantern represents hope and inner light, while rain symbolizes sadness, obstacles, and the dynamics of life. Through the relationship between these two symbols, the poem portrays human resilience in maintaining hope amid difficult situations. This study is expected to enrich literary studies, particularly in understanding modern poetry through a semiotic perspective.

This study aims to analyze the influence of participatory leadership, supportive organizational culture, and work-life balance on employee job satisfaction. The research method employs a quantitative approach, using SEM-PLS analysis of data collected from PKWT employees at PT Graha Satu Tiga Tujuh. The results show that participatory leadership and supportive organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, while work-life balance has no proven effect. Furthermore, work-life balance does not mediate the relationship between leadership and organizational culture with job satisfaction. These findings confirm that internal organizational factors, particularly leadership quality and work culture, have a greater impact on employee satisfaction than work-life balance. This study provides practical contributions to human resource management by offering strategies to enhance job satisfaction by strengthening leadership and organizational culture.

This study aims to determine the application of a mind-mapping Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model to the human digestive system in improving creative thinking skills and creativity in eighth-grade students at SMP Dakwah Pekanbaru. This study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The subjects consisted of eighth-grade students at SMP Dakwah Pekanbaru. The research instruments included a creative thinking skills test, a product creativity assessment sheet, and learning documentation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the N-gain test, the Wilcoxon test, and the Spearman correlation test. The results showed an increase in students' creative thinking skills after implementing the mind-mapping-based PjBL model, as indicated by an increase in the average posttest score compared to the pretest and a low to moderate N-gain score. Furthermore, students' product creativity was in the good category and had a significant relationship with their creative thinking skills. Thus, implementing the mind-mapping-based PjBL model is effective in improving students' creative thinking skills and creativity in the human digestive system.

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become a critical requirement in cybersecurity due to the high-stakes nature of security decision-making and the limitations of black-box learning models. This study investigates the construction of an explainable cybersecurity knowledge representation by leveraging standardized terminology from the NIST cybersecurity glossary. The primary problem addressed is the lack of transparent and semantically grounded reasoning mechanisms in existing AI-driven cybersecurity systems, which limits trust, accountability, and analyst adoption. To address this challenge, we propose a NIST-based semantic knowledge graph that embeds explainability directly into its ontology structure and reasoning process. The proposed framework systematically extracts definitional entities and relations from NIST glossary entries to construct a domain ontology and a multi-relational knowledge graph. A rule-based semantic relation extraction method is employed to ensure faithful, interpretable, and reproducible reasoning paths. The resulting knowledge graph contains over 3,000 cybersecurity concepts and approximately 27,000 semantic relations, covering hierarchical, associative, dependency, and mitigation semantics. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves a high level of explainability, with 92.4% of reasoning outcomes being fully traceable and only 1.4% classified as non-traceable. Most explainable reasoning paths are limited to two or three hops, indicating an effective balance between inferential depth and human interpretability. Structural analysis further confirms the presence of meaningful hub concepts that support multi-hop semantic inference. These results confirm that ontology-driven, standard-based knowledge graphs provide a robust foundation for explainable cybersecurity intelligence. The study concludes that explainability-by-design, grounded in authoritative standards, offers a viable and trustworthy alternative to opaque AI models for cybersecurity applications.

The Fruit of the Spirit is an important theological value to teach children because it contains points for everyday behavior. However, learning about the Fruit of the Spirit often encounters obstacles and is difficult for children aged 8-12 years to understand because it is considered too abstract and difficult to convey in simple language. Furthermore, obstacles come from the learning media used which are still conventional. Therefore, effective learning media are needed that can attract the interest and motivation of children to want to learn and apply the Fruit of the Spirit in everyday life, such as board games. In board games, there are components that can attract emotions and can be used as media, namely character pawns. The method used is the Design Thinking method with descriptive analysis. This approach is used to analyze data from the results of observations, interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires, as well as to develop concepts and design results. Thus, the character pawns can be created with a human-centered design approach, which is able to create visuals that have a close relationship with children's psychology.

The arrival of Rohingya refugees in Aceh has generated complex social responses among local communities, characterized by the coexistence of solidarity and resistance. This study examines how local communities negotiate humanitarian values, cultural norms, and structural pressures in responding to the presence of refugees. Using a qualitative approach, the research applies the analytical framework of Miles and Huberman, integrating social capital theory and human needs theory to interpret community responses. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and analysis of media reports. The findings indicate that solidarity initially emerged strongly, rooted in religious values and local cultural norms emphasizing humanitarian assistance. However, over time, resistance developed due to economic concerns, perceived inequality in aid distribution, and socio-cultural tensions. Rather than replacing solidarity, resistance coexisted with it, creating an ambivalent social dynamic within host communities. This study argues that local responses to forced migration should not be understood in binary terms of acceptance or rejection, but as a dynamic process shaped by moral commitments and structural constraints. The research contributes to sociological discussions on forced migration and community relations by highlighting how solidarity and resistance operate simultaneously within local contexts.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of public service policy implementation at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Freshwater Fish Cultivation Center (UPTD BBIAT) in Pekalongan Regency, focusing on the influence of service quality on fish farmers' satisfaction mediated by trust. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a concurrent embedded design, combining a survey of 40 fish farmers and in-depth interviews with 5 key informants from the UPTD and Agency levels, along with observation and document analysis. The theoretical framework is built on New Public Service Theory, Policy Implementation Theory, and the SERVQUAL, trust, and public satisfaction concepts. The research findings indicate that all three variables are in the high category with robust and significant positive correlations: service quality with trust, service quality with satisfaction, and trust with satisfaction. Trust has been shown to play a strong mediating role in the relationship between service quality and fish farmers' satisfaction. The assurance and empathy dimensions are the strengths of UPTD BBIAT, while tangibles and reliability require improvement through infrastructure modernization and enhanced consistency in seed availability. Theoretically, this research confirms the applicability of the SERVQUAL model and trust theory in the context of public services in the fisheries sector. In practice, it provides strategic recommendations to improve policy implementation effectiveness through infrastructure strengthening, human resource development, service digitalization, and enhanced institutional coordination.

The development of digital technology, particularly social media, has brought significant changes to human social interaction patterns. Although the ease of digital communication offers various advantages, in reality, it does not always reduce feelings of loneliness. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the intensity of social media use and loneliness levels among students in the digital era. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach with a correlational design, involving 120 active students as the sample. To measure the variable of social media use intensity, the Social Media Intensity Scale was used, while loneliness levels were measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The data analysis results showed a significant positive relationship between the intensity of social media use and loneliness levels among students. This means that the higher the intensity of students' social media use, the higher the loneliness they feel. These findings provide important insight that, despite social media facilitating easier interactions, excessive use does not always positively affect the quality of social relationships. On the contrary, high social media use intensity can be associated with greater feelings of loneliness, indicating the need for a deeper understanding of the impact of social media use on individuals' emotional well-being.

This study aims to analyze the development of human resources in relation to the assessment center for Civil Servants (PNS) at the Karas District Office, Fakfak Regency. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of human resource development on the assessment center, and to identify the human resource development variables that most dominantly influence the PNS assessment center. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods including interviews, observations, questionnaires, surveys, and experiments. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to explain the relationship between human resource development and the assessment center. The qualitative analysis results show that PNS at the Department of Mining and Energy, Fakfak Regency, who hold Echelon IV/a structural positions, number 15 people (0.71%), while PNS with the rank of Pembina Level I/IV/b number 5 people (0.24%). Based on gender, the majority of PNS are male (15 people or 0.71%) who have participated in human resource development through career development. PNS with a Bachelor's degree (S-1) number 11 people (0.52%), and those aged 41-50 years and over 50 years number 12 people (0.57%).

Bureaucratic reform at the village level is a crucial prerequisite for achieving professional, effective, and accountable village governance. One of the key pillars of this reform is the implementation of a merit system in the management of village human resources, particularly in the recruitment and appointment of village officials. In this context, the Computer-Assisted Test (CAT) has emerged as a policy innovation designed to enhance objectivity, transparency, and procedural fairness in the selection of village officials. This study aims to analyse the contribution of CAT implementation to strengthening the merit system and its impact on transforming village social conditions, especially in building public trust in village government. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of village residents and analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression in SPSS. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis to elaborate further and explain the quantitative findings. The results indicate that transparency, objectivity, and procedural fairness in the selection process have positive and significant effects on public trust in village government, with procedural fairness emerging as the most influential variable. Qualitative findings confirm that public acceptance of selection outcomes is more strongly influenced by perceptions of fairness and openness in the process than by the selection results themselves. This study concludes that the implementation of CAT functions not only serves as a technical selection instrument but also as an institutional mechanism that helps transform village social relations from patronage-based practices toward merit-based village governance.

This study aims to develop a strategic plan for Information Systems and Information Technology (IS/IT) at KR Hotel Palembang by applying the Ward and Peppard methodology. The analysis began with external environment assessment using the PEST framework and internal analysis through the MOST method and Value Chain model. The results were synthesized into a SWOT analysis to identify the organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. From this, Critical Success Factors (CSF) were formulated to guide the determination of key information system needs. Application portfolio mapping was then conducted using the McFarlan Strategic Grid to classify systems based on their strategic impact. Findings indicate that KR Hotel has strong potential in leveraging digital technologies but faces challenges such as the absence of integrated systems across departments and limited IT training for staff. To address these issues, an integrated system named ZKBiolock was proposed, encompassing modules such as hotel management, financial management, customer relationship management (CRM), human resource training systems, digital promotion, and internal network monitoring and control. This strategic plan is supported by a comprehensive database design, network topology, human resource and infrastructure analysis, investment budgeting, and Return on Investment (ROI) evaluation. The proposed strategy aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the hotel's operational management.

The waiting time for outpatient pharmacy services at Permata Jonggol Hospital had not met the minimum service standards, potentially reducing service quality and patient satisfaction. This issue was suspected to be influenced by human resource (HR) competence, service regulations, and the utilization of the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS). This study aimed to analyze the effect of HR competence and service regulations on pharmacy waiting time, with HMIS utilization as an intervening variable. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected at a single point in time using instruments that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that HR competence, service regulations, and HMIS utilization simultaneously had a significant effect on pharmacy waiting time. Partially, HR competence and service regulations significantly affected HMIS utilization and waiting time. HMIS utilization also significantly influenced waiting time and mediated the relationship between HR competence, service regulations, and pharmacy waiting time. In conclusion, improving pharmacists’ competence, strengthening service regulations, and optimizing HMIS utilization in an integrated manner were important strategies to reduce waiting time and improve service efficiency and quality