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Rational thinkers need the ability to think critically but it is not enough just to do that, it must be with real and visible evidence. In this discussion the author uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach which makes it possible to answer questions that require absolute answers, namely by presenting the evidence that exists because absolute truth cannot be seen through mystical/prological thinking.    

Rational thinkers need the ability to think critically but it is not enough just to do that, it must be with real and visible evidence. In this discussion the author uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach which makes it possible to answer questions that require absolute answers, namely by presenting the evidence that exists because absolute truth cannot be seen through mystical/prological thinking.    

Philosophy is a method of thinking systematically and critically. In relation to Christian religious education, it must be studied systematically and critically as a basic science so that it can be on par with other sciences that show real benefits for the development of humanity. The author will describe Christian Religious Education as an ontological, epistemological and axiological practice of science. The method used in this research is a literature study approach. Ontologically, Christian religious education must be a strong guide towards the journey of human life so that he is able to exist and exist both theologically and socially. Epistemology talks about knowledge. Epistemologically, the Bible and Jesus are sources of epistemology for Christian religious education. Axiology talks about utility value. The axiological foundation of Christian religious education is a loving humanism that is imbued with Christian values. In other words, axiology can help humanize humans and liberate them from the alienation of their human function in life.

Fiqh is not a revelation from heaven, but rather the result of ijtihad which is a product of human thought. Therefore, it is important to ask critical questions such as: who defined it, for what purpose, in what social context it was formulated, in which geographical area, and with what epistemological approach. These factors greatly influence the process of forming fiqh. In other words, fiqh was not born in a vacuum, but rather developed along with the course of history and was influenced by the dynamic interaction between thinkers and the socio-cultural and socio-political environment in which they were located. This article uses a literature review methodology to examine the historical and social dynamics in the formation of fiqh. Unfortunately, fiqh that is developing among Muslims today is still heavily influenced by medieval works, especially those from Middle Eastern scholars. This condition shows the need for renewal and reactualization of fiqh according to the context of the contemporary era and society.

This study aims to determine the learning obstacles associated with the triangle material and the factors that cause it. The participants in this study were class VIII students of SMPN 1 Sengah Temila and mathematics teachers. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, measurement techniques (tests), interviews, and documentary studies. The data was analyzed qualitatively to determine students' learning obstacles in class VIII triangle material at SMPN 1 Sengah Temila. The results of this study are that students experience ontogenic barriers, namely obstacles related to one's mental readiness, epistemological, namely students' knowledge that has a limited context, and didactical obstacles related to teaching materials, or learning offerings used by the teacher. The obstacles experienced by students are learning obstacles to types of triangles, determining triangle images and triangle concepts.

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui epistemologi pemikiran Islam menurut Abid Al-Jabiri. Hal ini dikarenakan pola berfikir yang ada di dunia Islam tidak melihat dari berbagai aspek perkembangan di bagian Barat atau Eropa. Sehingga memunculkan suatu anggapan apabila seseorang mengemukakan pemikiran atau gagasan yang berpatokan dengan filsafat. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yaitu penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yakni mengumpulkan data-data daninformasi dengan barbagai macam materi yang terdapat dalam kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa epistemologi pemikiran Islam menurut Muhammad Abid Al-Jabiri bertujuan untuk memperoleh pengetahuan sekaligus memproduksi pengetahuan dengan metode bayani, irfani dan burhani. Al-Jabiri memulai dengan mendefinisikan turats (tadisi).    

This article will examine Islamic counseling associated with the study of philosophy, from the aspects of ontology, epistemology, then axiology. Philosophical values ​​can feed direction and permananan about Islamic counseling. The research method used is literature review or literature study. Integrativity in the main science of Islamic counseling, namely, psychology, communication and Islam. Furthermore, from an epistemology perspective, it is concerned with the implementation and professionalization of the counselor. Then from the aspect of axiology in Islamic counseling which aims to provide assistance provided by counselors to clients in order to find ethical and aesthetic values ​​for the existence of essential (pure) happiness, namely happiness that comes from Allah SWT, the Almighty.