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The doctrine of the Church, or ecclesiology, is an essential part of Christian theology that focuses on the understanding, function, and role of the Church as the body of Christ. The Church is not only understood as a physical institution but also as a community of faith that serves to glorify God, minister to others, and proclaim the Gospel. This study explains the importance of church doctrine as the foundation for forming congregational identity, spiritual growth, and as a guide in worship and ministry practices. Furthermore, this paper describes the positive impact of church doctrine on the spiritual development and social life of the congregation, as well as the challenges faced in the context of social, cultural, and technological change. The Church is expected to respond to these challenges through doctrinal education, community strengthening, and a contextual approach so that its teachings remain relevant and can be practically applied in the lives of believers.

Environmental sustainability has become an essential approach for companies to enhance their competitive advantage and reputation. This study examines the effect of ownership structure on sustainability performance and firm value. This study uses data from state-owned enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Ownership structure is proxied by institutional ownership, management ownership, and public ownership; sustainability performance is proxied by the total economic score, environmental score, and social score; and firm value is proxied by Tobin's Q. Our results reveal that ownership structure (management ownership, institutional ownership, and public ownership) have a direct effect on firm value, but indirectly do not have an indirect effect on firm value through CSR does not mediate the relationship between management ownership and institutional ownership with firm value. The unique findings of this study indicate that CSR mediates the relationship between public ownership and firm value. Public ownership partially mediates the relationship between firm type and firm value. The implications of this study will be significant for policymakers, corporate management, academics, and investors in considering the adoption and importance of corporate environmental practices.

This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity, proxied by the Current Ratio, and firm size, proxied by Total Assets, on stock returns. The research period covers the years 2019–2023. The population of this study includes financial reports of 90 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. A purposive sampling technique was employed, resulting in 46 selected companies as the sample. The study uses secondary data derived from the annual financial reports of energy sector companies for the 2019–2023 period. The data analysis method used in this study is panel data regression analysis. In this research, liquidity is measured using the Current Ratio (CR), while firm size is measured by Total Assets. The results indicate that liquidity has a negative and significant effect on stock returns, whereas firm size has a negative but not significant effect on stock returns.

This study aims to analyze how Islamic education policy in Indonesia functions as a social mechanism in shaping and maintaining societal integration amidst modern social change. Based on Émile Durkheim's functionalism theory, this study views Islamic education as an institution that plays a vital role in maintaining moral order, social solidarity, and preventing symptoms of anomie resulting from an imbalance between traditional values and the demands of modernity. The approach used is qualitative with an exploratory-descriptive orientation, with data collection techniques through literature studies of policy documents, institutional reports, and related scientific research results. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to interpret the social function of the policy based on the concepts of social solidarity, division of labor, and anomie. The results show that policies such as madrasah integration, religious moderation programs, and teacher professionalization have a manifest function in expanding access to education, increasing social mobility, strengthening gender equality, and strengthening cohesion between religious communities. However, latent functions are also found in the form of bureaucratization of educational institutions, resource inequality, and value resistance among local communities. These findings confirm that Islamic education policy operates ambivalently: as an integrative instrument that strengthens social solidarity, but also as an arena for value negotiation between tradition and modernity. Therefore, Islamic education policy needs to be directed in a more contextual and participatory manner to optimally function as an agent of inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable social transformation for modern Indonesian society.

This study aims to analyze the effect of cum and ex-dividend dates and company size on stock prices using the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) as a moderating variable. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with moderating variables on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is based on signaling theory, which states that dividend information can serve as a signal for investors in making investment decisions. The results of the study indicate that all independent and moderating variables in the model simultaneously have a significant influence on stock prices. This suggests that the regression model used in this study is valid and can comprehensively explain stock price variations. This study implies that companies need to develop a more structured financial communication strategy, particularly in the disclosure of dividend information. Not only should the timing of dividend distribution be communicated, but the number of dividends to be distributed should also be clearly communicated to strengthen investor response. The implementation of this strategy must be accompanied by compliance with OJK and IDX regulations to maintain market confidence and increase the value of company shares.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on stock prices at PT Baramulti Suksessarana Tbk during the 2014–2023 period. TATO is an activity ratio that measures how efficiently a company utilizes its total assets to generate sales. This research employs a quantitative associative approach using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression to determine the relationship between the independent variable (TATO) and the dependent variable (stock price). The results show that TATO has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, with a correlation coefficient of 0.859 and a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the more efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales, the higher its stock price will be. The findings support the signaling theory and efficient market hypothesis, suggesting that asset efficiency serves as a positive signal for investors in evaluating firm performance.

This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Konstitusi/MK) as a positive legislator through the lens of the living constitution approach, which conceptualizes the constitution as a dynamic and evolving document responding to social and political change. The main problem addressed is the extent to which the MK’s judicial activism in interpreting and even creating new legal norms aligns with constitutional principles, democratic legitimacy, and the balance of powers between the judiciary and the legislature. The objective of the research is to analyze how the MK’s progressive interpretations have transformed it from a negative legislator—which merely annuls unconstitutional laws—into a positive legislator that effectively fills legal gaps and constructs new constitutional meanings. Using a normative juridical method combined with case study analysis, this research explores key constitutional decisions, focusing on cases where the MK extended its interpretive authority beyond mere judicial review. The findings reveal that the MK, through the living constitution approach, justifies its role as a positive legislator by invoking principles of constitutional morality, justice, and responsiveness to societal evolution. However, this judicial creativity also generates tension with legislative supremacy and may risk overstepping the boundaries of judicial function. The synthesis of findings suggests that the MK’s transformation embodies the dynamic interplay between constitutional text and social context, reinforcing the adaptability of Indonesian constitutionalism. The study concludes that while the MK’s position as a positive legislator under the living constitution paradigm strengthens constitutional justice and protects citizens’ rights, it must remain anchored in checks and balances to prevent judicial overreach and preserve democratic legitimacy.

Climate change has a significant impact on organic rice cultivation, which depends heavily on environmental conditions. This study aims to: (1) identify the characteristics of organic rice farmers in Pagerageung District, (2) examine farmers’ perceptions of climate change, (3) analyze farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, and (4) assess the relationship between farmers’ characteristics and perceptions with their adaptive capacity. The research employed a quantitative survey method using a census technique involving 44 farmers, with data collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results showed that: (1) farmers’ characteristics were at a moderate level (score 534/880), (2) farmers’ perceptions were high (score 1,686/2,112), (3) adaptation was moderate (score 1,548/2,112) with economic adaptation being the highest, and (4) there was a significant relationship between farmers’ characteristics (ρ = 0.504; p = 0.000) and perceptions (ρ = 0.431; p = 0.000) with their adaptation to climate change. Simultaneously, Kendall’s W test (0.506; p = 0.000) indicated a significant relationship between farmers’ characteristics and perceptions with their adaptive capacity to climate change.

Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in organizational dynamics, whether in the education sector, social sector, or wider society. Conflicts that are not managed properly can lead to disintegration, but if handled appropriately, they can become a means of learning and innovation. This literature review aims to identify sources of conflict, resolution strategies used, and their impact on organizational performance. The research questions asked are: (1) What are the main factors causing conflict in educational and social organizations? (2) What are the most effective conflict resolution strategies according to the context? This research method uses a literature review approach by searching articles through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keywords “sources AND levels of conflict.” A total of 20 articles were selected from the period 2021–2025, with a final result of five valid articles that were analyzed thematically. The review results show three main themes: (1) sources of conflict include differences in vision, interests, and resource distribution; (2) conflict resolution strategies vary, ranging from mediation, negotiation, to religious and cultural-based approaches; (3) the impact of conflict is ambivalent, it can decrease performance but also encourage positive change.The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of contextual conflict management and opens up opportunities for further research to develop more adaptive resolution models based on local values.

The amendment of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia is a crucial legal and political mechanism within the dynamics of constitutional law. An amendment is understood as an adjustment of constitutional norms to remain relevant with changing times while preserving the state’s fundamental identity. Unlike a constitutional replacement, which is comprehensive and signifies the birth of a new constitutional order, amendments are partial and limited. Article 37 of the 1945 Constitution sets out strict procedures, including requirements for proposal, quorum, and substantive limitations that cannot be altered, namely the form of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This mechanism prevents arbitrary changes and safeguards legal and political stability. The 1999–2002 amendments demonstrate that the Constitution can be improved without disrupting national continuity. Therefore, amendments are viewed as an evolutionary form of constitutional reform, while replacement signifies radical change. This analysis highlights that the amendment procedure of the 1945 Constitution is designed to balance the need for flexibility with constitutional stability in Indonesia.

This study explores the discipleship and character of the Samaritan woman as portrayed in the Gospel of John. The background emphasizes that discipleship is not merely about listening to Jesus’ teachings but involves a personal relationship, obedience, and life transformation. The Gospel of John offers a unique perspective by presenting that Christ’s disciples are not limited to men but also include women, as illustrated in the narrative of the Samaritan woman at the well. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, focusing on biblical texts and relevant studies. The findings reveal that the discipleship process of the Samaritan woman demonstrates a progressive transformation: from initial skepticism to faith and recognition of Jesus as the Messiah. This transformation unfolds through three key dimensions: the dialogue on living water, the understanding of true worship, and the testimony shared with her community. The Samaritan woman emerges as a genuine disciple through her faith, courageous witness, and role as Christ’s representative in proclaiming universal salvation. Her notable traits include openness, honesty, curiosity, courage, and willingness to change. The study highlights that the Gospel of John portrays discipleship as inclusive, affirming the role of women as models of faith. Its implications provide theological insight into the equality of disciples in Christ and offer relevance for today’s church in fostering participatory and transformative faith communities.

The community service program activities that have been carried out are related to ecoprint techniques, which involve printing using natural materials such as leaves, flowers, and plant stems to produce patterns or motifs on fabric media. This training activity aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the young girls in Bintungan Nagari, so they can be creative and innovative through ecoprint techniques. It provides knowledge and broadens their understanding of how to utilize the natural potential available in the environment around Bintungan Nagari. This training also aims to create environmentally friendly products to foster a healthy and clean environment. The hope for this activity is to have a positive impact on improving the knowledge and skills of young girls as the generation that brings about change. The training uses an approach of counseling, demonstration, training, and mentoring, along with evaluation. The results of the training program indicate a high level of enthusiasm from the participants, with knowledge and skills acquired, they have been able to produce sheets of fabric with unique motifs from the ecoprint technique. This has opened up space for participants to generate new ideas and create interesting motif patterns from natural materials. The products produced not only serve as a medium of expression but also have the potential to be developed as environmentally friendly, local creative products.

The Famotu Ono Nihalo tradition is one of the essential rituals in the customary wedding ceremonies of the Nias community, particularly in Lasarabaene Village, Mandrehe Subdistrict, West Nias Regency. This tradition consists of giving advice to the bride, which is rich in moral, spiritual, and social values. The ritual not only affirms the bride’s status as a wife but also serves as a medium for transmitting cultural values and collective identity. However, along with the wave of modernization, this tradition has undergone changes in terms of its form, symbolic meaning, and cultural values. This study aims to reveal the symbolic meanings contained in the Famotu Ono Nihalo ritual and to analyze the forms of social interaction within it, including its transformation due to social change. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The informants consist of traditional leaders, women elders, and community members who still practice and understand the tradition. The findings show that the white cloth symbolizes purity and blessing, while afo (betel quid) represents acceptance and social attachment. Although the ritual today tends to be simplified and some cultural symbols are no longer used, the core values such as parental advice, blessings, and the strengthening of social cohesion remain preserved. Therefore, Famotu Ono Nihalo continues to be relevant as a cultural heritage and a form of social education, even as it adapts to modern changes.

This study aims to explain and test the hypotheses regarding the effect of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio on Earnings Quality. A quantitative approach with an associative method was employed to examine the influence of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio on Earnings Quality at PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk during the 2016–2023 period. The data analyzed are secondary data obtained from financial statements and earnings quality records listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with both partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing. The partial analysis results indicate that Profit Growth has a negative and significant effect, Capital Structure has a negative and insignificant effect, while Liquidity Ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on Earnings Quality. Simultaneously, the three variables were found to have a significant effect on Earnings Quality. The contribution of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio to Earnings Quality is 60.7%, while the remaining 39.3% is influenced by other variables not included in this study.

Bullying is one of the issues that frequently occurs in elementary school environments and has serious impacts on children’s psychological, social, and academic development. Efforts to prevent and address bullying are essential through education involving students, teachers, and the surrounding community. This study aims to describe the role of Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata, KKN) students in providing anti-bullying education at UPT SDN 033915 Pasi. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through observation, simple interviews, and documentation of the anti-bullying seminar activities conducted by KKN students at the school. The results indicate that KKN students act as educators by explaining the definition, forms, and impacts of bullying; as facilitators by creating interactive discussion spaces with students; and as motivators encouraging students to respect one another and reject bullying behavior. Educational strategies were implemented through lectures, discussions, Q&A sessions, and the use of simple visual media. Students’ responses were very positive, demonstrated by their enthusiasm during activities and increased understanding of the dangers of bullying. The study concludes that KKN students play an important role in preventing bullying in elementary schools, while also serving as a tangible contribution of students as agents of social change.

This study aims to analyze the differences in financial performance between PT Ciputra Development Tbk (CTRA) and PT Pakuwon Jati Tbk (PWON) during 2019–2023 based on liquidity, profitability, solvency, and dividend policy ratios. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative method was employed. The study utilized secondary data obtained from the annual financial reports of both companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Financial ratios were analyzed, including the Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Data normality and homogeneity tests were conducted, followed by Independent Sample t-Test and Mann–Whitney U test using SPSS version 26 to identify statistical differences. The results indicate no significant differences between CTRA and PWON in CR, ROA, and DPR, but a significant difference in DER, where CTRA shows higher leverage compared to PWON. These findings suggest that the key distinction between the two companies lies in their capital structure rather than profitability or dividend policy, reflecting different financial management strategies within Indonesia’s property sector.

The use of fossil-fueled vehicles has long been a major cause of exhaust emissions that pollute the air and exacerbate global climate change. In an effort to address this problem, Indonesia has begun developing electric vehicles as a more environmentally friendly alternative solution. Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered capable of reducing dependence on fossil fuels while simultaneously reducing air pollution levels. The Indonesian government has demonstrated its commitment to supporting electric vehicle development by issuing several strategic policies, including Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 55 of 2019 concerning the Acceleration of the Battery-Based Electric Motor Vehicle Program for Road Transportation, and Presidential Instruction (Inpres) Number 7 of 2022 concerning the Use of Battery-Based Electric Motor Vehicles as official vehicles for central and regional government agencies. In line with these policies, research was conducted to assess the power consumption efficiency of the Ken Dedes electric vehicle prototype, designed using a 250-watt DC motor and a mid-drive system. The main focus of this research was to analyze the effect of variations in module input voltage and gear size on the vehicle's power consumption level. The method used was an experimental approach with a quantitative approach, where a series of tests were conducted on several gear combinations and input voltage levels. The results of the study indicate that variations in these two parameters—gear size and input voltage—significantly affect motor power consumption. The most optimal combination in this study achieved a power consumption efficiency of 6 Wh/km. This figure demonstrates the most energy-efficient performance in vehicle operation and can serve as a benchmark for further development of similar electric vehicles. This research provides an important contribution to efforts to encourage the use of more efficient and sustainable electric vehicles in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the effect of changes in interest rates, exchange rates, economic growth, and world oil prices on stock returns in the transportation and logistics sector in Indonesia during the period 2006–2024. This sector was chosen because it is highly vulnerable to fluctuations in macroeconomic factors that have a direct impact on companies' operating costs and financial performance. The method used is multiple linear regression with an annual panel data approach, using a sample of transportation and logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The independent variables include changes in interest rates, exchange rates, economic growth, and oil prices, while the dependent variable is stock returns. The results show that, partially, only changes in interest rates have a significant negative effect on stock returns. Conversely, exchange rates, economic growth, and oil prices have no statistically significant effect. Simultaneously, these four variables also show no significant effect on stock returns. This study makes a new contribution through the use of a long observation period and a focus on the transportation and logistics sector, thereby providing a deeper understanding of this sector's sensitivity to macroeconomic conditions.

Background: Colostrum is the first natural food for newborns, containing essential nutrients and antibodies that protect against infection. Health education for pregnant women in their third trimester is crucial to enhance their knowledge and practices regarding colostrum provision. Despite the global decline in neonatal mortality, the rate remains high, partly due to limited access and low quality of neonatal care. In Indonesia, particularly in Semarang, although exclusive breastfeeding coverage has improved, many mothers still lack understanding of colostrum’s importance and remain influenced by misconceptions. Preliminary studies revealed insufficient knowledge among pregnant women about colostrum. Method: This study applied a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The intervention group received health education, while the control group did not. Results: Before intervention, most respondents in both groups had poor knowledge. After the intervention, knowledge in the intervention group increased significantly, with 88.8% reaching a good category, while the control group showed no significant change. Furthermore, 94.4% of mothers in the intervention group gave colostrum, compared with only 33.3% in the control group. Conclusion: Health education is an effective strategy to increase maternal knowledge and encourage colostrum practice, dispelling myths and promoting better neonatal outcomes.

This article discusses the practice of Civic Education through the implementation of Project Citizen in civic education in Indonesia. Taken from 15 scientific journals from 2019-2024, this study aims to explore students' understanding of active citizenship With a qualitative approach and literature review method, the application of interactive learning methods, challenges in implementation, and the positive impact produced by Project Citizen. The results of the study show that Project Citizen significantly improves students' understanding of the rights and obligations as citizens and their involvement in social issues in the community. Students involved in this project not only learn the theory, but are also able to apply it in practice, thus becoming active agents of change. However, the study also identified a number of challenges, such as lack of support from schools and limited teacher competence, that could hinder the effectiveness of project implementation. Positive impacts seen include increased student civic engagement and a sense of responsibility for the surrounding environment. Therefore, this article recommends increased support from schools, training for teachers, and collaboration between schools, parents, and communities as strategic steps to optimize the implementation of Project Citizen and improve the quality of civic education in Indonesia.