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This research focuses on improving English vocabulary and speaking confidence among students in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms through the implementation of Alphabet Box Learning. Many EFL students struggle with limited vocabulary and a lack of confidence when speaking, which hinders their communicative competence. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Alphabet Box Learning in addressing these problems by providing an engaging and student-centered learning experience. The study employed a quasi-experimental method involving 65 students of SMP Kristen 1 Soe. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, classroom observations, and student questionnaires to assess improvements in vocabulary mastery and speaking confidence. The findings revealed that students who participated in Alphabet Box Learning activities showed significant gains in vocabulary acquisition and their willingness to speak in class were increased. The interactive nature of the method, which combines visual, tactile, and verbal elements, created a supportive environment that encouraged active participation and reduced speaking anxiety. In conclusion, Alphabet Box Learning is an effective instructional strategy for enhancing both vocabulary and speaking confidence among EFL learners. Its implementation provides meaningful, engaging, and low-anxiety language learning experiences, making it a valuable addition to communicative language teaching practices.

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan ekstrakurikuler KIR SMK Negeri 1 Mojosongo yang dapat menguatkan kreativitas dan berpikir kritis pada anggota KIR. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Strategi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi analisis. Subjek penelitian ini adalah waka kesiswaan, pembina, dan anggota ekstrakurikuler kelompok ilmiah remaja. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahannya menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan di ekstrakurikuler KIR meliputi kegiatan penelitian dan perlombaan. Dalam tahapan kegiatan penelitian telah memuat kelima indikator penguatan berpikir kritis yaitu ketrampilan menganalisis pada kegiatan pengujian, ketrampilan mensintesis/menggabungkan pada kegiatan perolehan informasi dari jurnal, ketrampilan memecahkan masalah, ketrampilan menyimpulkan serta ketrampilan mengevalusi pada setiap tahapan penelitian. Selain itu kreativitas para anggota selalu diasah dengan kegiatan penemuan ide/tema penelitian yang akan dilakukan. Kata Kunci : Kreativitas, Berpikir Kritis, Kelompok Ilmiah Remaja ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the form of extracurricular activities carried out by SMK N 1 Mojosongo KIR which can strengthen creativity and critical thinking in KIR members. This research method was a qualitative descriptive method. The research strategy used was an analysis study. The subjects of this study were the vice principal of student affairs, the supervisor, and members of the extracurricular youth scientific group. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. The validity test of the data used was by using source triangulation and method triangulation. The research data was analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques with an interactive analysis model. The results of this study could be concluded that the forms of activities carried out in the KIR extracurricular were research and competition activities. In the research activity stage, there are 5 indicators of strengthening critical thinking such as analytical skills in testing activities, synthesis skills/combining information acquisition activities from journals, problem-solving skills, conclusion skills and evaluation skills for each stage of the research. In addition, the creativity of the members is always honed through activities to find ideas/themes for research to be carried out. Keywords : Creativity, Critical Thinking, Youth Scientific Group

The growing demand for coffee drinks has created significant opportunities in the coffee shop sector, especially for young people. However, in the Pagerbarang Kabupaten Tegal area, the majority of young people still lack the skills needed to professionally run a coffee business or the technical abilities of a barista. In response to this situation, this community service activity was implemented with the aim of providing training in coffee shop management and basic barista skills to increase the competitiveness of young people in the creative economy sector. This training was developed through a participatory approach integrating interactive classes for understanding theory, direct practice for skill acquisition, and support in developing a business plan as a first step towards entrepreneurship. This activity revealed an increase in participants' skills and understanding of coffee shop management and operations, customer relations, and fundamental coffee service skills. Participants also expressed a strong interest in starting their own businesses. This initiative is expected to serve as a catalyst for encouraging an entrepreneurial spirit among young people and contributing to the sustainable development of the local economy

This literature study examines the construction of cultural identity through socio-economic practices in plantation ecosystems among the Acehnese, Malay, and Chinese communities in Indonesia. Using a systematic literature review of 42 selected sources (1990-2023), the research reveals that plantations function as sites of identity negotiation—dynamic arenas of cultural adaptation and resistance. In Aceh, the integration of Islamic values (zakat [alms] from plantations, meunasah education) and local wisdom (peusijuek rituals) mediates post-conflict reconciliation and identity transformation from "combatants" to "farmers" (Muchlis et al., 2023; Aulia et al., 2024). For the Malay community, the customary-territorial concept of bela kampung (communal defense) underpins resistance to authority fragmentation through gotong royong (mutual cooperation) and communal land allocation (Yunanda et al., 2024; Nasution et al., 2024). Meanwhile, the Chinese community develops invisibility strategies (e.g., land acquisition via family foundations, citizenship aliases) to convert legal marginalization into clan-based social capital (Irawan, 2016; Thung, 2018). Key findings highlight divergent identity sources: religiosity (Aceh), customary-territoriality (Malay), and clan social capital (Chinese). The study recommends integrating local wisdom into inclusive plantation policies and employing ethnographic approaches to examine identity intersectionality complexity.

Generally, students stated that the concepts in physics, especially on the material of distance, speed, and acceleration, are difficult to understand. This causes low student motivation and learning outcomes. In order to increase student motivation, understanding of concepts, and learning outcomes, it is necessary to use visual media so that learning is active and enjoyable. The use of visual media, one of which is education game-based learning media, is very helpful for students in understanding physics concepts, especially on the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. The purpose of this study was to determine the study of the use of visual media based on education games that can improve students' understanding of the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. This research method uses the library research method. The form of research uses literature studies with qualitative data acquisition. To obtain data using two databases, namely Google Scholar and Sinta, with document analysis first carried out to identify relevant literature studies. Based on the results of the preliminary study conducted, it was obtained that the use of visual media based on education games is good and flexible. With the use of visual media based on education games, students find it easier to understand the material of distance, speed, and acceleration. In addition, it makes it easier for teachers to carry out learning activities. Learning is more interesting, students are more motivated so that students' understanding, abilities, and learning outcomes increase.

The determination of compensation in the process of land acquisition for infrastructure development in Indonesia still faces various complex legal problems. Although has been regulated in Law Number 2 Year 2012, its implementation often creates inequality, both in terms of compensation value and procedures for community involvement. The phrase “decent and fair” in the regulation opens wide room for interpretation, so there is often a mismatch between the value set by the government and the expectations of the community. This imbalance is exacerbated by weak public participation, lack of legal literacy, and the dominance of legal-formalistic approaches. Agrarian conflicts, legal uncertainty, and disregard for the social and cultural values of indigenous peoples also exacerbate the situation. Therefore, policy reforms based on a participatory approach, institutional strengthening, and the use of digital technology to realize transparency and accountability are needed. Fair compensation must ensure protection of citizens' human rights and build trust in the legal system in the development process. 

This study aimed to determine the effect of talking stick learning model on students' self-confidence in geography class X SMAN 1 Srengat Blitar. This study used a quantitative approach of quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design. The sample in this study was selected using purposive sampling technique with 34 students in the control class and 34 students in the experimental class. The data in this study were obtained through the results of students' self-confidence questionnaire scores which were analyzed by the Independent Sample T-test and Effect size test. From the results of this study, it can be seen that the talking stick learning model has an effect on student confidence as evidenced by the acquisition of a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05. This study shows that the implementation of the talking stick model can increase students' active participation in learning which can then increase students' self-confidence.

This research have a purpose to prove the influence of social support on self confidence of students at SMAN 100 Jakarta. This research was motivated by the large number of students who feel inferior or lack self-confidence so that it can interfere with and hinder the improvement of their achievements, skills, or interests both academically and non-academically. Quantitative with a sampling technique, namely simple random sampling, is the foundation of this study. Students of SMA Negeri 100 Jakarta class 10 became the population in the study conducted. With an R Square value of 0.512, it proves that there is an influence of social support on self-confidence which is presented at 51.2%, while 48.8% is the contribution of variables other than social support such as self-concept which the researcher did not include in this study. The findings are reinforced by the t-test analysis value with an acquisition of 15.928> 1.978 which can be concluded that there is an influence of social support on the self-confidence of class X students at SMA Negeri 100 Jakarta.

Language acquisition is a fundamental aspect of early childhood development, particularly in learning color vocabulary, which plays a crucial role in cognitive, linguistic, and social growth. However, empirical data show that approximately 47.3% of Indonesian children aged 3-5 experience delays in recognizing colors, potentially hindering their overall language and cognitive development. This study aims to analyze the process of language acquisition in learning color vocabulary among children aged 3-5 years using a psycholinguistic approach, as well as to explore teaching methods employed by teachers at PAUD An-Najah Rowosari Tembalang, Semarang. A qualitative descriptive method was used, involving 20 children, teachers, and parents as informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results reveal variations in color vocabulary acquisition: 30% of children showed significant progress, 50% demonstrated good development, and 20% required intensive assistance. Influencing factors include home stimulation, teaching methods, and psychological aspects of the children. This research enriches psycholinguistic studies, supports the development of effective teaching methods, and provides guidance for parents and educators in fostering early childhood language development, especially in color recognition.

This study investigates the implementation and effectiveness of artificial intelligence-driven adaptive learning platforms in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms across urban and rural Indonesian educational settings. Through a mixed-methods approach involving 247 students and 12 teachers from eight institutions, this research comparatively analyzes three prominent AI language learning platforms: LinguaLearn AI, AdaptEd English, and AI Tutor Pro. The findings reveal significant differences in learning outcomes, with AI-enhanced platforms demonstrating a 27% improvement in language proficiency compared to traditional methods. However, implementation challenges including digital literacy barriers, internet connectivity issues, and cultural adaptation requirements were identified, particularly in rural contexts. The study proposes a contextually responsive framework for integrating AI language learning technologies in developing EFL environments, contributing to the growing discourse on educational technology in linguistically diverse settings. This research highlights the potential of AI to personalize language acquisition while emphasizing the necessity of culturally and infrastructurally appropriate implementation strategies.

Automatic object detection is one of the crucial aspects in the field of digital image processing that plays a vital role in various modern applications, ranging from security systems to pattern recognition in medical and industrial fields. This study aims to implement an automatic object detection method with a digital image representation-based approach using MATLAB software. The main focus is directed at the pixel-based image processing process, where each image element is processed to extract relevant visual information. In this study, stages are carried out starting from image acquisition, color conversion, image quality enhancement, threshold-based segmentation, to extraction of targeted object features. Digital images are analyzed through transformation into grayscale and binary forms to facilitate the detection process. The use of MATLAB provides flexibility in numerical and visual data processing, and supports various efficient image processing libraries.

Ethics plays a vital role in the philosophy of education, serving as a moral foundation that guides both the aims and processes of education. Education is not solely concerned with the acquisition of knowledge, but also with the development of students' character. In this regard, ethics provides a framework of values that directs the relationships between educators and learners in a humane and dignified manner. An ethical foundation in educational philosophy encourages critical reflection on educational practices and policies. Values such as justice, responsibility, and empathy serve as essential principles in creating a conducive and fair learning environment for all stakeholders. Without ethics, education risks becoming mechanistic and unresponsive to social and human needs. Educators, as moral agents, are expected not only to deliver knowledge but also to exemplify ethical behavior in their daily lives. Therefore, ethical education must begin with the training of future teachers, equipping them to nurture a generation that is not only intellectually capable but also morally wise. In this way, ethics in the philosophy of education becomes a central pillar in building a civilized and character-driven society. 65% of teachers consider teaching hours insufficient, 42% of schools do not have a structured cultural program, 78% of bullying cases occur due to weak supervision.

This study investigated the effectiveness of using the Wordwall website as a learning strategy to enhance students' vocabulary mastery. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research involved a control group and an experimental group from [mention specific school/level, e.g., a junior high school in Medan]. Data were collected using a vocabulary test (pre-test and post-test) and analyzed using t-test statistical analysis. The findings indicated a significant improvement in vocabulary mastery among students in the experimental group who utilized the Wordwall website compared to the control group. This suggests that the Wordwall website is an effective and engaging tool for improving students' vocabulary acquisition. The study recommends the integration of interactive digital platforms like Wordwall into language learning curricula to support vocabulary development.

This study looks at the English sound system from a phonological standpoint, emphasizing successful teaching strategies and the difficulties non-native speakers have pronouncing words correctly.  This study examines the effects of native language interference, identifies particular phonological challenges, and assesses instructional methods for improving pronunciation using qualitative research with fourth-semester English education students.  The results show that although explicit phonetic teaching greatly helps pupils, they still struggle to manage spelling-pronunciation inconsistencies and discern vowel lengths.  By offering insights into phonological learning processes and suggesting evidence-based teaching strategies, the research advances the field of applied linguistics.  Although individual sound distinctions require tailored treatments, the results show that systematic pronunciation education improves student confidence and communicative skills.

Debus is one of the typical traditions and cultures of Banten that combines elements of art, religion and spirituality in one unit. The art of Debus began to be introduced around the 16th century which until now is still an artistic heritage in Banten so it is interesting when viewed in terms of the values contained in the art. This journal aims to examine the values contained in the Debus tradition in Banten and its relevance to Islamic teachings. This research is a qualitative research by combining two data acquisitions in the form of literature and field studies, this study found that the Debus art tradition contains several elements, such as art elements (martial arts movements), religious elements (reading solawat), and spiritual elements (tawakal and self-surrender).

This study aims to analyze the impact of acquisitions on the profitability of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), using Return on Assets (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) indicators as the main proxies. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis methods and paired t-tests on two years before and two years after the acquisition. The results showed that in the ROA indicator, there was no statistically significant difference before and after the acquisition, although there was a descriptive decrease in value. Meanwhile, in the NPM indicator, only one of the four combinations of observation years (T-2 vs T+2) shows a significant difference, and the direction of change shows a drastic decrease until it reaches a negative value. This finding indicates that acquisitions do not necessarily increase company profitability, and even tend to have a negative impact within two years after the acquisition. This may be due to the non-optimization of the post-acquisition integration process. This study emphasizes the importance of careful integration planning and implementation so that the expected synergy benefits from acquisitions can be achieved

The purpose of this research is to study the phenomenon of slurred language disorder using a psycholinguistic approach. This study concentrates on the phoneme changes that occur in individuals with lisp disorder who are active on digital platforms such as YouTube and TikTok.  One definition of lisp disorder is difficulty articulating certain phonemes, especially /r/, /k/, and /s/, which impacts the ability to speak effectively.  Using observation and analysis of the utterances of five individuals with a lisp featured in the videos, this study employed a descriptive qualitative methodology for data collection. Based on the age and physical condition of each subject, the analysis results show the substitution of the phonemes /r/ into /l/, /w/, /g/, /c/, /k/ into /t/, and /s/ into /c/.  This study provides important knowledge about the phonological changes of lisp disorder and how it impacts language acquisition and public communication in the digital age.

The development of the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) in East Kalimantan presents significant legal challenges regarding local communities' land ownership. Although regulations such as Law Number 3 of 2022 on the National Capital, Law Number 2 of 2012 on Land Procurement for Public Interest Development, and Law Number 5 of 1960 on Basic Agrarian Principles provide legal protection mechanisms, the reality on the ground indicates various obstacles in implementing these laws. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the legal protection available for land ownership held by local communities in the development of IKN. Additionally, it seeks to identify challenges related to the implementation of the prevailing legal framework. An empirical juridical approach is employed to examine legislative provisions and field realities, including conflicts arising in the land acquisition process. The findings reveal that legal protection remains hindered by a lack of transparency, weak access to justice for local communities, and uncertainty in the compensation mechanism. Consequently, improving transparency, strengthening regulations, and ensuring active community involvement in every stage of land procurement are crucial to prevent the development of IKN from compromising the rights of local communities.

This study aims to improve Arabic vocabulary acquisition in lower grade students through a food knowledge-based approach at Srimuda Guidance Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Arabic as the language of the Qur'an is very important to learn from an early age, but its learning is often considered difficult by children due to non-contextualised methods. To overcome this, this research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation during the learning activities that took place in three sessions. Each session involved the introduction of food vocabulary in Arabic through activities such as matching pictures, drawing favourite foods, role-playing as sellers and buyers, to simple quizzes. The results showed that students were more enthusiastic and able to remember and mention at least five food vocabulary words in Arabic correctly. The use of real media and interactive activities is proven to make children understand and absorb new vocabulary faster because it is in accordance with their cognitive development stage. This study concludes that learning Arabic vocabulary with a food theme approach can be an effective, fun and contextualised method for early childhood. The implication of this study can be used as a reference in developing Arabic language teaching methods in non-formal and formal educational institutions at the early age level.

Customary land is an integral part of the identity and survival of customary law communities, including in the Kampar region, Riau Province. However, along with increasing investment and development, there have been various forms of takeover of customary land rights that have triggered disputes between customary communities and third parties, such as private companies and the government. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving disputes over the takeover of customary land rights in the Kampar region using customary law and national law approaches. The method used is a combination of normative and empirical juridical, data obtained through legal document studies, interviews with authorized local customary leaders. The results of the study show that customary communities in Kampar still rely on customary resolution mechanisms. Meanwhile, in resolving litigation, they often experience administrative and economic obstacles, while non-litigation channels such as multistakeholder mediation and administrative recognition by the local government are more effective if supported by policies that support them. In conclusion, synergy between customary law and national law is absolutely necessary to create fair protection for the rights of indigenous peoples, and it is hoped that there will be strengthening of customary institutions, acceleration of recognition of customary areas through regional regulations, and preparation of integrated mechanisms for resolving disputes based on local culture and national legal certainty.