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This research is about nastar cakes which have the main raw material as wheat flour substituted with cassava flour to reduce the use of wheat flour and the addition of Moringa leaf powder to increase the nutritional content. The purpose of this study is determine 1) the sensory quality of nastar cake with cassava flour substitution and the addition of Moringa leaf powder 2) nutritional and non-nutritional content based on laboratory tests including protein, carbohydrates, fat, water, ash, vitamin C and antioxidants 3) material costs pineapple cake. This type of research is an experiment. Observation data collection techniques by means of sensory quality tests were carried out by 30 panelists. The independent variables of the research were cassava flour substitution (75% and 100%) and the addition of Moringa leaf powder (3g, 5g and 7g). The dependent variable of the research is sensory quality including shape, color, texture, aroma, and taste. The control variables in this study include the types of materials, equipment and processing techniques. Data analysis used two way anova and Duncan. The results showed 1) there was an effect on the sensory quality of making nastar cakes with substitution of cassava flour and the addition of Moringa leaf powder including color, texture, aroma and taste. 2) there is no effect on the sensory quality of the nastar cake shape because it is influenced by the mold. 3) product that are said to be good may contain nutrition equal to or greater according to SNI 2011 including ash content 1.12%, moisture content 4.93%, protein 6.08%, fat 3.81%, carbohydrates 53.10%, vitamin C 16.55 mg/100g and antioxidants 123.60 mg/100g. 4) the best product has a material cost price of IDR 32,806.

This study aims to analyze the use of Bloom's Taxonomy in identifying the difficulty level of questions in mathematics in elementary schools. Bloom's taxonomy is a classification framework used to classify learning objectives into six different levels, namely knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The research subjects were 15 students in class V at SDN Karet 2, Tangerang Regency. The research method used was content analysis, in which questions in mathematics textbooks for elementary schools were analyzed based on Bloom's Taxonomy categories. The data collected included the difficulty level of the questions based on Bloom's taxonomy and the distribution of the difficulty levels of the questions in mathematics textbooks. The results showed that the level of difficulty of the questions in mathematics in elementary schools varied and could be classified based on Bloom's taxonomy. Most of the items focus on levels of knowledge and understanding, with a few items testing students' abilities to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate mathematical concepts. This shows that there is a tendency to emphasize understanding concepts rather than applying concepts in learning mathematics in elementary schools.

Language as a means of human communication has become one of the interesting studies from time to time considering that language is dynamic. The science that studies language is linguistics, in which between branches of linguistics there is comparative historical linguistics. This study aims to describe how comparative linguistic studies are between Javanese regional languages and Malay regional languages. This research uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitatively it functions to collect data and analyze it both orally and in writing, while quantitatively to get comparisons and the number of percentages between language kinships obtained by using lexicostatistics techniques. The data source for this research is a Pontianak Malay language text entitled Bawang Merah and Bawang Puteh . The steps taken to determine language kinship are: (1) determine the basic vocabulary of Bawang Merah and Bawang Puteh folklore, (2) determine the pairs of the two languages, (3) determine the time of separation and age of language kinship. Based on the results of the analysis, Javanese and Malay were the only languages between 2325 – 1845 years ago. Javanese and Malay languages separated into a proto language between 302 - 178 AD (calculated by 2023).

This study aims to determaine whether there is an influence in the use of the ECOLA method on the ability to write procedural texts for students of class XI MA Bustanul Ulum Pagerharjo in the 2022/2023 academic year. In this research is a type of quantitative descriptive research. Data collection is done by testing techniques. Data analysis is presented in the form of table numbers, diagrams, and descriptions. The results of the analysis from this study are that there is an influence in the use of the ECOLA method on the ability to write procedural texts of students for the 2022/2023 school year. This can be proven from the results of hypothesis test, namely t count from the results the pretest dan posttest were 1,6627 an the results from the t table pretest and posttest were 2.015368. Thus it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, because t-table>t-count. So based on the hypothesis test calculations above, it can be said that use of the ECOLA method affects the ability to write procedural texts for students of class XI MA Bustanul Ulum Pagerharjo in the 2022/2023 academic year.

Abstract This paper discusses the image of women in Air Djenar Maesa Ayu's short story. This short story has a background in social life that occurs in society. This short story raises the main topic of women's struggles in living their lives after being abandoned by men. Social injustice like this creates various impacts such as subordination. This research uses descriptive analysis method. This study began with data collection using the mode of listening and reading short stories as a whole and then continued with data analysis using feminist study theory. This study shows that the short story Air by Djenar Maesa Ayu is included in liberal feminism. The results and discussion of this research are compiled based on issues related to women and the perspective of the reality of the text in short stories. The results of this short story analysis are divided into 3 concepts, namely: the image of women from the physical aspect, the image of women from the psychological aspect, the image of women from the social aspect. The story of the problems experienced in this short story is told through the character Saya. Based on the data and results of the analysis, the researcher describes the image of women in Djenar Maesa Ayu's short story Air through the social conflicts she experiences. Researchers add moral and social values ​​in this study. Researchers teach readers to respect each other as human beings through research on the short story Air by Djenar Maesa Ayu. Keywords: image of women, cultural background, liberal feminism, subordination

Hadith is one of the pillars of Muslims in carrying out Islamic law. Besides that, hadith is also a sharp weapon for orientalists in bringing down Islam. One of the bases used by orientalists in overthrowing Islam is the hadiths that seem textually contradictory. Hadith that appear to be textually contradictory can cause misunderstandings for the general public if they do not examine them in depth. One example is the hadith narrated by Abū Dāwud which contradicts the permissibility and prohibition of using illicit objects in medicine. Therefore, researchers conducted research on the meaning and completion of the two hadiths. This type of research is qualitative in nature (library research) with descriptive presentation and analysis methods. This research also uses the book of Sunan Abū Dāwud and is assisted by other standard books, then it is analyzed by studying the Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīṡ method of Syaikh Shāliḥ al-Uṡaimin to resolve the two contradictory hadiths. The result of this study is that the two hadiths can be solved using the al-Jam'u method. Based on the compromise of the two hadiths, it is known that the use of illicit objects is permissible with certain considerations and conditions.

Improving cognitive skills in early childhood is an important part of their development. An effective learning environment can be a means to that end. One type of learning media that can be used is loose parts. Looseparts is a term used to describe materials or objects that have certain properties and can be used creatively in children's play and learning. These materials are often available in a variety of sizes, shapes, textures, and flexibility, so that children can manipulate them, combine them, and use their imagination to create a variety of possibilities for play and exploration. Examples of looseparts are rocks, sand, branches, pieces of wood, leaves, paper, shells, rubber bands, rubber rings, ropes, boxes and other everyday objects. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the analysis of the needs of looseparts learning media in the implementation of improving early childhood cognitive skills, the data collection method in this study is by distributing questionnaire sheets, interviews and documentation. When children play with looseparts, they can develop various cognitive aspects such as categorization, problem solving, visualization, abstract thinking, spatial skills, and comprehension. It is important to give children time and space to freely explore the open passages so that they can develop cognitive skills in a natural and interesting way  

The low learning outcomes Indonesian in listening to students' fictional texts are caused by the ineffective learning model used to make students less interested in following learning. The purpose of this study is to improve Indonesian learning outcomes by listening to fictional texts of grade 4 students of SD Negeri Jetis 01 Sukoharjo. This study included a type of classroom action research that was carried out in as many as two cycles. The subjects of this study were 30 grade 4 students. Data collection techniques in this study by providing tests and observations. Technical tests are used to see the learning outcomes of students and observation to see the success of problem-based learning models used in listening skills to fiction texts. Technical data analysts use quantitative and qualilative analysis techniques. The results of the study in cycle 1 showed an average value of 77.76, while in cycle II the average was 85.39. Observation of students' listening skills during the learning process using the problem-based learning model is in a good category so the problem-based learning model is very effective in Indonesian learning, listening material to fictional texts.

The struggle of women in maintaining their existence is increasingly being voiced. One of the media that is often used is literari works. Given this, the aim of this research is to describe the existence of women amid male domination in Leila S. Chudori’s novel Laut Bercerita. This study uses a qualitative approach to examine the forms of existentialist feminism contained in the novel Laut Bercerita. This study took data in the form of text and utterances conveyed by each character. Data was collected using the 4M technique, namely reading, understanding, taking notes, and concluding. The result of this study is the discovery of Simone de Beauvoir,s feminist existence through the three female characters in the novel, namely Kasih Kinanti, Ratih Anjani, and Asmara Jati. Related to this, the results of the analysis of the existence of feminism based on Simone de Beaviour’s theory are relevant to be submitted as material in teaching Indonesian in class 11 high school, especially in material analysis of literary works.                                                                   

The purpose of this study is to describe the types of metaphors, namely, anthropomorphic, animalistic, and synesthetic as well as the meaning in the text of the ri Kajang tide as the embodiment of the local culture of the Kajang people. This research was conducted for about two months in the Kajang Ammatoa Area, Bulukumba Regency. This research is a research with a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion of the use of figurative language in the text of the ri Kajang tide, it can be concluded that the results of this study indicate that there are various forms of figurative language found in the text of the ri Kajang ri. contained in the text of the tide ri kajang. The findings related to figurative language metaphor and the meaning of the text of the ri kajang pair are as many as 13 data. There are four data of anthropomorphic metaphors, five data of animal metaphors, and four data of synesthetic metaphors.

This review dissects the ineffectualness of sentences in discourse messages in the Indonesian language book Class VIII of the Merdeka Educational program and in the Indonesian language module Topic 12 Class VI. This research analysis is approached using both theoretical and methodological approaches. The theoretical approach to analyzing effective sentences employs an analytical approach in the field of syntax, whereas the methodological approach employs a qualitative descriptive approach. This study's data were gathered through the use of note-taking and extensive reading as data collection methods. Reading the speech's text carefully and thoroughly is the initial step. Following that was to note any sentences in the speech's text that were deemed to be ineffective. The distribution method and the interactive analysis method were employed in this study's data analysis, which followed all data collection. Informal means of data presentation are used. Data can be presented informally by focusing on decomposition with common words. Tabular data presentation is also utilized for this research. Analysis results showed that sentences in speech text were ineffective due to the incompatibility of effective sentence characteristics like equivalence, parallelism, thriftiness, accuracy, coherence, and logic. The findings of this study enhance the researchers' understanding of the subject under investigation. This research can also be used by the general public to help them write good speech texts with good sentences. Keywords:,,,,.

This study focuses on the analysis of phrases contained in the text of historical stories in class X textbooks of Social Sciences in the independence curriculum. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and data collection techniques used are listening techniques, observation techniques, and note taking techniques. In this analysis, the author analyzes the phrases in four historical narrative texts entitled Mohammad Hatta: "Every action is for the sake of the country you love, don't betray.", Ki Hadjar Dewantara: "It's better to have nothing but be happy than to be wealthy but unhappy.”, History of the Beduk Musical Instrument in Malay Dance Accompaniment Music in Pontianak City, Typhoid Outbreaks in Cirebon during the Dutch East Indies Period. The research results obtained were the discovery of various uses of phrases totaling 35 in these texts. There are 10 noun phrases, 15 verb phrases, 8 prepositional phrases, and 2 adjective phrases.

Financial management is an administrative activity related to budget planning, storing, using, recording and monitoring the entry and exit of money or organizational funds. Inventory analysis is an activity to examine an asset issue that includes goods. Turn over inventory is the ratio between the total cost of goods sold and the average value of inventory owned by the company. in the process of managing finances and inventories, it is still carried out using a recording system in a ledger, so it is less effective. Therefore the author will develop a form of information system by selecting CV. Arris AC as research object. Based on the problems that occur in CV. Arris AC, the authors provide a solution that can overcome weaknesses by creating an Accounting Information System for Financial Management and Inventory Analysis using the inventory turnover ratio method which can be accessed via the web. In other words, this ratio describes how fast inventory rotates. web is an application that contains multimedia documents (text, images, sound, animation, video) in it that uses the HTTP protocol with database support for MySQL, Xampp and Adobe Dreamweaver CS6..   Keywords:Accounting, Financial Management, Inventory Analysis, Ratio, Web

This study aims to analyze the types of sentences in procedure texts in the textbook Basics of Aircraft Engineering Class X SMK/MAK Independent Curriculum. The population of this study is the five procedure texts contained in the presentation of the material for the book Basics of Aircraft Engineering for Class X SMK/MAK Independent Curriculum on pages 45th to 47th and 49th to 50th. The data collection technique used was the reading and note-taking technique, while the study method used the matching method. Data analysis was carried out using a descriptive method and the technique used was the referential equivalent technique. The results of the study include the following sentences. First, types of sentences based on purpose, namely, imperative sentences and declarative sentences. Second, the types of sentences based on the way of presentation, namely, the release sentences and the climax sentences. Based on the analysis that has been done, it was found that the most commonly used types of sentences in the five procedure texts contained in the textbook Basics of Aircraft Engineering SMK/MAK Class X Independent Curriculum are imperative sentences and climax sentences, but other types of sentences are also found in the form of declarative sentences and release sentences.

This article examines the analysis of sentence types in the History Text of Class XI Sociology Books in the Merdeka Curriculum. The content of this study uses narrative text. The purpose of this study is to describe functions, categories, and roles at the syntactic level. sentences in the presentation of sociology book material for class XI SMA/MA contained in Chapter 2 Social Problems Due to Social Grouping pages 41 to 81. This research is a literature study. Therefore, the method used in collecting data is reading and taking notes. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. In qualitative research, data is analyzed inductively, which means that specific things found during the research are grouped and conclusions are drawn from these results. This approach does not use the collected data to prove or disprove the hypotheses that have been made before but rather focuses on describing data to facilitate understanding. The writing method of this research adopts historiography as the main approach. Sentence structure analysis is also used to improve grammar skills and abilities to better understand. Sentence structure analysis itself is a topic that is rarely discussed. To improve the application of linguistic rules in writing historical texts, a good understanding of grammar, a broad vocabulary, and a habit of reading and writing historical texts are required. Therefore by analyzing sentence structures in historical texts in Sociology Class XI books SMA/SMA/ MA Kurikulum Merdeka, this research provides an overview of the variations in the use of sentence structures and the importance of correct grammar in understanding texts. It is hoped that this research can improve understanding of syntax and grammar which will facilitate understanding of sociology and historical texts.

This study analyzes one part of the syntax, i.e. sentences. The method used in this analysis is descriptive qualitative and theoretical syntax. Meanwhile, the study’s data were obtained directly through excerpts of sentences contained in the book “Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan SMA/SMK Kurikulum Merdeka”. The sentence is the largest grammatical unit consisting of a bunch of words, which are arranged by certain rules to explain written language. The main purpose of this research was to find out the types of sentences in the reading text entitled “Tantangan Berpancasila pada Kehidupan Global” which are contained in the book (page 46). Sentences are analyzed in the form of passive sentences, active sentences; transitive sentences, compound sentences; multilevel compound sentences, and single sentences; ekatransitive sentences, adjective sentences. The advantage of this research is that we can find out that the types of sentences that are most often used in this text are compound sentences, while sentences that are rarely found are active and passive

 Purslane plant is an herbal plant that is used as a medicine for skin infections. The author is interested in using the purslane plant as a peel-off mask to relieve acne nodules. The aim is to find out how to manufacture, sensory test results, public test results, and determine the effect of the purslane peel-off mask. This research was conducted with the methods of observation, experimentation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, literature. The analysis used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The manufacture of purslane powder starts from the preparation of tools, materials, cleaning, drying, and refining. The manufacture of peel-off masks begins with the preparation of tools, materials, weighing, mixing, heating, and packaging. The feasibility of the product is tested based on color, aroma, texture, adhesion, product appearance. Product improvement is the addition of essence to the peel-off mask. In conclusion, according to the validator, the purslane plant powder is suitable for use in making peel-off masks and the results of the purslane peel-off mask facial treatment can relieve acne nodules. Suggestions for further researchers to change purslane plant powder into oil extract to maintain its content, BPOM test, and laboratory tests.

Balinese cotton knitting yarn is the main material in making knitting applications on ready to wear. The author applies knitting applications including techniques, materials, color harmony, and design. The goal is to find out how to apply the knitting technique using balinese cotton knitting yarn on ready to wear. The research method used is R&D which contains potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, product revision, usage trial, and product revision, and descriptive data analysis. The manufacturing stages start from the design, tools and materials, tailoring, to the finishing process. The application of knitting on this ready to wear uses a hand sewing technique that is done before the sewing process, in order to get a neat result. The author also pays attention in the selection of the color of the base material that matches the knitting thread. The application of knitting applications must consider the texture of the yarn with the base material to be used, so that when applied in ready to wear it looks neat and does not seem heavy.

Reading is a cognitive activity or process that aims to find various information contained in written information. This means that reading is a thought process to understand the contents of the text read. Evaluation of learning to read is a series of activities or steps taken after the completion of the main activities to obtain information about the results of learning to read, then manage and interpret them using benchmarks and goals and certain criteria. This type of research is library research, namely research conducted by analyzing and making written literature scientific journals as well as the main source. So the evaluation of learning to read is the process of determining students’ understanding, acceptance, categorization, analysis and reasoning abilities, as well as the accuracy of students’ pronunciation and intonation when taking reading tests in the target language. The purpose of learning to read is so that students can understand and use language in practice, it is not enough to measure it with mere mechanical abilities. The assessment of reading ability must be seen from the general reading ability as a whole, so that when assessing skills other than mechanical skills, it is also necessary to measure reading ability, for example understanding the content or meaning of sentences. The purpose of this study is to find out how the effort to implement the evaluation of students’ reading learning.

This research is to find out the difficulties faced by students in preparing research proposals for Indonesian language and literature education. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with research subjects being students of the Indonesian language and literature education study program. Data collection methods in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique follows the Miles and Huberman model which includes data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that many have difficulty defining problems in writing research proposals and formulating the benefits of a research. In some cases the activity proposal text is rejected because the content and objectives in the text are unclear and unconvincing (could be due to structure or written language) which seems not optimal) so that the authorities hesitate to accept it. Student difficulties as illustrated by the results of the questionnaire indicate that students still need to be given more information.