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The resolution of juvenile cases in Indonesia requires a restorative justice approach as outlined in Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (UUSPPA). However, Article 7, paragraph (2) restricts diversion to crimes punishable by less than seven years, excluding repeat offenders. This presents challenges for minors involved in serious crimes, such as rape, leading to concerns over child protection and fairness in the justice system. The implementation of diversion in the Syari’ah Court follows national juvenile justice protocols but faces challenges, especially in maintaining consistency across law enforcement agencies and regions. The study employs an empirical juridical approach and explores the challenges of implementing diversion in the Aceh Sharia Court. Findings reveal that diversion efforts are often inconsistent and rely on the discretion of authorities. Although the Child Criminal Justice System Law mandates diversion for cases involving crimes with sentences under seven years and non-recidivists, its actual application varies. For instance, rape cases between 2020 and 2023 show that some were excluded from diversion due to their serious nature, while others still pursued diversion despite the potential for sentences exceeding seven years.

This study aims to determine how the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is carried out in the management of   School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMP Negeri 18Purworejo. The variables used in this research are transparency and accountability. This research was conducted during the 2024 implementation of GCG in BOS fund management. The research method applied was qualitative, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation study. The respondents in this study consisted of the Principal, the BOS Treasurer, representatives of the School Committee, teachers, and  parents. The  findings reveal  that the  implementation of  Good Corporate Governance (GCG), particularly the principles of transparency and accountability in BOS fund management at SMP Negeri 18 Purworejo, has been carried out effectively. BOS funds are managed openly by involving stakeholders from the planning stage to the utilization and accountability process. The management of BOS funds is implemented in accordance with the technical guidelines outlined in the Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 63 of 2023. This indicates that the school has managed the funds in a transparent and accountable manner. It is suggested that school should also publish BOS fund utilization information on the school`s official website to ensure broader public access.

Curriculum reform in Indonesia has repeatedly emphasized flexibility, deep learning, and student-centered instruction. Nevertheless, many reforms have not been translated effectively into classroom practice. Existing studies tend to focus on teacher competence and policy readiness, while the deeper dimension of teacher beliefs remains underexplored. This study aims to unpack how teacher beliefs shape responses to curriculum reform and to identify the belief-related factors that influence the success or failure of curriculum innovation. A qualitative descriptive design was employed using pre-Delphi reflective questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion data involving senior secondary school teachers and educational stakeholders. Data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns of belief, challenge, and adaptation. The findings reveal that teacher beliefs constitute the most decisive factor in curriculum implementation. Three major themes emerged: (1) a persistent gap between curriculum policy and classroom practice, (2) the difficulty of transforming teachers’ mindsets from fixed to growth-oriented perspectives, and (3) the construction of an ideal teacher identity characterized by reflection, adaptability, collaboration, and moral commitment. More importantly, teachers viewed curriculum change not merely as a technical demand, but as a moral and spiritual responsibility. Curriculum reform will remain ineffective unless it addresses teachers’ internal beliefs. Sustainable transformation requires professional development that integrates cognitive, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of teaching.      

The prevalence of non-communicable degenerative diseases in Indonesia continues to rise, particularly affecting adolescents and productive age populations due to unhealthy lifestyle patterns and free radical exposure. Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.), a locally abundant resource often regarded merely as agricultural by-product, contain significant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and terpenoids demonstrating potent antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 47.99 ppm. This study employs a qualitative descriptive literature review approach, analyzing 28 scientific publications spanning 2018-2025 sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed databases to examine the potential of purple sweet potato leaves as effervescent tablet raw material for degenerative disease prevention. Findings reveal that bioactive constituents effectively neutralize free radicals, prevent lipid peroxidation, and protect cellular structures from oxidative damage linked to diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. The effervescent tablet formulation provides strategic advantages including enhanced solubility, accelerated absorption rates due to elimination of disintegration processes, pleasant carbonation sensation masking unpleasant active ingredient taste, and superior gastrointestinal tolerance. This innovation offers promising prospects for degenerative disease prevention through local food resource utilization, though experimental validation regarding optimal formulation, effective dosage determination, and clinical efficacy assessment remains necessary for practical implementation.

Food security is a complex issue closely related to various aspects such as agriculture, nutrition, health, and the environment. In the context of global development, food security is an integral part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 2: Zero Hunger. This study aims to analyze the implementation of food security policies in supporting the achievement of the SDGs and to identify the factors that hinder the successful implementation of these policies. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, examining various secondary data sources including books, journal articles, laws and regulations, official government reports, mass media, and relevant online publications. The results show that the Indonesian government has undertaken various efforts to achieve food security through strengthening regulations, starting from Law Number 18 of 2012, Government Regulation Number 17 of 2015, and Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2022. These efforts are supported by increased budget allocation, local wisdom-based food diversification programs, food estate programs, and strengthening national food reserves through cross-sectoral coordination. However, the implementation of these policies still faces four structural constraints, namely high population growth, the conversion of agricultural land, the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity, and low interest among the younger generation, which threatens farmer regeneration. The implications of this study indicate that the successful implementation of food security policies in supporting the achievement of the SDGs requires comprehensive, sustainable strategies and effective cross-sector collaboration.

Money laundering is a derivative crime that is frequently associated with corruption and has the potential to cause significant losses to state finances. Efforts to recover assets derived from criminal activities constitute an essential aspect of law enforcement aimed at restoring state losses and creating a deterrent effect for perpetrators. This study aims to analyze the authority of public prosecutors in the investigation of money laundering crimes as well as the mechanisms for state asset recovery based on the authority of the Indonesian Attorney General’s Office. The research method employed is normative juridical research using statutory and case approaches. The results of this study indicate that the Attorney General’s Office possesses clear and legally valid authority to conduct investigations into money laundering crimes as regulated under Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering and the Law on the Attorney General’s Office. Prosecutors are authorized to trace, seize, confiscate, and recover assets derived from criminal acts without first proving the predicate offense. This study further emphasizes that although the authority of the Attorney General’s Office has been normatively regulated, in practice, state asset recovery continues to face various obstacles, both in substantive and procedural law, such as inconsistencies in statutory regulations and the suboptimal implementation of non-conviction-based asset forfeiture. Therefore, strengthening regulations and harmonizing legal policies are necessary to ensure that state asset recovery through the handling of money laundering crimes can be carried out more effectively and provide legal certainty.

This study analyzes the performance of the Dual Modulus RSA algorithm in securing text data using Python. The rapid growth of digital technology has increased the risk of data security threats, making efficient and secure encryption essential. Dual Modulus RSA is a modification of the classic RSA algorithm that uses two different moduli in the encryption and decryption process, thus increasing security levels because attackers must factorize two moduli simultaneously. This research uses an experimental quantitative approach by measuring the execution time of encryption and decryption processes with variations in plaintext length (5, 10, and 15 characters). Implementation was carried out using Python 3 with the time.perf_counter() function for microsecond-precision measurement. The results show that the Dual Modulus RSA algorithm successfully encrypts and decrypts all test plaintexts correctly. Encryption time ranged from 0.0212 ms to 0.0823 ms, while decryption time ranged from 0.0422 ms to 0.0955 ms. There is a positive linear relationship between plaintext length and processing time. Decryption is consistently slower than encryption due to the larger private key exponent (d1=2753, d2=3533) compared to the public exponent (e=17). The main factors affecting performance are exponent size, dual modulus overhead, CPU caching effects, and Python interpretation overhead. This study recommends using Dual Modulus RSA with hybrid encryption for practical implementation to balance security and performance.

This research is motivated by the urgency of effective Islamic Education Management (MPI) as a prerequisite for enhancing the role of Islamic Education (PAI) teachers in shaping students’ religious character amid the challenges of digitalization and institutional coordination constraints. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of MPI experienced by PAI teachers, the interaction among stakeholders, and the teachers’ perceptions of its effectiveness at PKPPS Minhajurrosyidin, East Jakarta. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a case study and phenomenological approach, data were collected through triangulation (interviews, observations, and document studies) and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings indicate that MPI is an essential structural mediating variable. The optimization of MPI—particularly in terms of digital facility support and professional training—significantly enhances the effectiveness of PAI teachers as Uswah Hasanah and as facilitators of adaptive and scientific learning. However, the main obstacle lies in the lack of horizontal coordination among teachers in holistically integrating Values-Based Education. The implications of this study emphasize the need for formal managerial policies to ensure collective responsibility in character formation.

This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of life skills-based Islamic education management at the Al-Hidayah Integrated Islamic Boarding School in Jambi Province. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, combining observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies to obtain a comprehensive overview of the ongoing managerial process. The results indicate that the implementation of life skills-based Islamic education management is carried out through four main management functions: planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating. Each function is designed to integrate Islamic values ​​with the development of skills relevant to the students' lives. The Islamic boarding school emphasizes strengthening personal, social, academic, and vocational skills, systematically integrated into the curriculum and activities. This approach not only enhances practical skills but also fosters religious character, independence, and prepares students to face the demands of the modern era. These findings confirm that effective and targeted educational management is key to developing a competent and competitive generation of students.  

This study aims to critically analyze the determination of the Tax Base (Dasar Pengenaan Pajak/DPP) in the withholding tax mechanism under Article 23 of the Indonesian Income Tax Law for freight forwarding services at PT MPX Indonesia. The research focuses on evaluating the implementation of the “All-In” billing model, where all operational costs are consolidated into a single gross invoice amount and treated as the taxable base. This approach raises concerns regarding its compliance with applicable tax regulations, particularly in distinguishing between service fees and reimbursable expenses. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method using a case study approach. Data are collected through documentation analysis of transaction records, including invoices and Unified Income Tax withholding receipts. The findings are expected to provide insights into the appropriateness of the applied tax base determination method and its implications for tax compliance and efficiency within the company’s operational practices and financial reporting system.

This study aims to analyze the fluctuations in chili production in Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency, which affect market price instability and uncertain supply. One approach applied in this study is the Single Exponential Smoothing (SES) method to forecast chili production. SES was chosen for its simplicity, ease of implementation, and its ability to generate accurate predictions even when the data lacks significant seasonal patterns. The data used is secondary data on chili production obtained from official publications by the Karo Regency BPS for the period of 2020–2024. The analysis results show that a smoothing parameter (α) of 0.8 produced the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.08%. These findings indicate that applying a higher α makes the model more responsive to recent data changes, thus yielding more accurate forecasts. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the SES method in forecasting chili production in areas with significant seasonal fluctuations.

Slum upgrading is a strategic step in improving the quality of life of urban communities, where its success is largely determined by the active involvement of local residents. This study aims to analyze the level of community involvement in the implementation of slum upgrading in Mantuil Village, South Banjarmasin District. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 98 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to measure the level of participation in four stages of the activity. The results show that community involvement is in the good category, but has an uneven distribution. The highest average scores were found in the utilization stage (30.44) and maintenance stages (30.23), indicating that community participation is driven by the principle of direct benefit from the infrastructure being built. Conversely, participation in the planning and implementation stages tends to be lower due to structural barriers such as time constraints and respondents' economic burdens. These findings confirm that sustainable settlement upgrading requires synergy between community social capital and government policies that are adaptive to the geographic characteristics of the region, particularly related to tidal flooding vulnerability in riverbank areas.

Pemilihan siswa berprestasi di sekolah seringkali dilakukan secara manual dan berpotensi menimbulkan subjektivitas dalam pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) guna meningkatkan objektivitas, transparansi, dan efisiensi dalam proses seleksi siswa berprestasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada satu sekolah dengan melibatkan 20 alternatif siswa dan empat kriteria penilaian yang telah ditentukan bobotnya, yaitu C1 (0,4), C2 (0,2), C3 (0,3), dan C4 (0,1). Tahapan penelitian meliputi normalisasi nilai, pembobotan, serta perhitungan nilai preferensi untuk menentukan peringkat akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode SAW mampu menghasilkan pemeringkatan siswa secara sistematis dan terukur, dengan alternatif terbaik memperoleh nilai preferensi tertinggi sebesar 0,99. Proses perhitungan berbasis pembobotan memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan objektivitas dibandingkan metode manual yang hanya menggunakan rata-rata nilai tanpa mempertimbangkan tingkat kepentingan kriteria. Selain itu, evaluasi pengguna menunjukkan bahwa sistem dinilai mudah digunakan, transparan, dan membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan yang lebih rasional. Dengan demikian, penerapan SPK berbasis metode SAW terbukti efektif dalam mendukung proses seleksi siswa berprestasi secara lebih adil dan akuntabel. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan lebih lanjut melalui integrasi dengan sistem informasi akademik serta eksplorasi metode pengambilan keputusan multikriteria lainnya untuk meningkatkan akurasi dan fleksibilitas sistem.

Taxpayer compliance is a key factor in optimizing state revenue, given that taxes are the primary source of funding for various national development programs. However, in practice, Indonesia still faces various challenges in improving taxpayer compliance, particularly among individual taxpayers, as indicated by the persistent gap between the number of registered taxpayers and those actively fulfilling their tax obligations. This situation indicates that increasing compliance does not solely depend on existing policies but is also influenced by various other internal and external factors. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing individual taxpayer compliance through a literature review approach, focusing on tax literacy, the use of information technology, and the implementation of the CoreTax Administration System (CTAS). The method used is to examine and synthesize various relevant previous studies to gain a more comprehensive understanding. The results of the study indicate that tax literacy plays a significant role in increasing taxpayer understanding and awareness, the use of information technology can provide convenience, efficiency, and accessibility in the tax process, while the implementation of CTAS contributes to increasing transparency and data integration within the tax administration system. Overall, these three aspects are interrelated and play a role in forming a more effective tax ecosystem in encouraging optimal and sustainable improvements in taxpayer compliance.

This study was designed to create a visual communication medium in the form of a video mapping depicting the institutional change process from the Nahdlatul Ulama Institute of Technology and Science (ITSNU) Pasuruan to the Nahdlatul Ulama University of Pasuruan (UNU Pasuruan). This institutional status change represents a strategic moment that needs to be communicated to the public through a creative and engaging media approach. The research approach used the Research and Development (R&D) method, referring to Sugiyono's development framework, which consists of ten stages: identification of potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design refinement, product testing, product refinement, implementation trials, final product revisions, and mass production (if necessary). Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, field observations, documentation studies, and validation by media and content experts. The research output is a video mapping product, approximately 7 minutes in length, that has undergone a validation process and is deemed suitable as a means of communicating institutional change. This product is expected to serve both as a visual archive and as a more effective and communicative institutional promotion instrument.

Public space revitalization is an important strategy in urban development aimed at improving the quality of urban environments while stimulating social interaction and local economic activities. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Motang Rua Field revitalization program in Manggarai Regency and assess the extent to which the program achieved its intended development objectives. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with key informants including local government officials, project contractors, small business actors, and community members, as well as documentation related to the revitalization program. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that the revitalization program demonstrates a high level of relevance to community needs and aligns with the regional development vision of Ruteng Kota Molas. The implementation process shows strong coherence through effective inter-institutional coordination and consistency between planning and execution. The revitalization has also proven effective in improving public facilities, enhancing community social activities, and stimulating local economic growth through increased micro and small business activities. Furthermore, the program was implemented efficiently in terms of budget management and project timeline. The revitalization also contributes to strengthening socio-cultural values through the preservation of the historical figure Motang Rua and shows strong sustainability potential through increased public utilization of the revitalized space.

Rendahnya tingkat literasi masyarakat desa masih menjadi tantangan dalam peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Desa Kunangan telah memiliki pojok baca sebagai sarana literasi nonformal, namun pengelolaannya masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga akses informasi dan pemanfaatannya belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem informasi pojok baca berbasis website untuk mendukung pengelolaan literasi desa secara lebih efektif dan terpusat. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah Extreme Programming (XP) yang meliputi tahapan perencanaan, perancangan, pengkodean, dan pengujian dengan iterasi singkat serta keterlibatan pengguna secara aktif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan perangkat desa dan masyarakat guna mengidentifikasi kebutuhan sistem. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan framework Laravel dan menyediakan informasi koleksi buku, lokasi pojok baca, serta akses bacaan digital. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan Black Box Testing dengan teknik Equivalence Partitioning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem meningkatkan akses informasi literasi dan efisiensi pengelolaan pojok baca, serta mendukung transformasi digital desa.

Regional financial accountability is a fundamental principle in good governance. However, the management of regional finances still faces various challenges, particularly related to the potential occurrence of fraud and the suboptimal functioning of internal control systems. This study aims to analyze the role of the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) in strengthening regional financial accountability through the implementation of internal oversight based on Fraud Risk Control. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA) method, which utilizes secondary data from various scientific literature, previous research findings, and policy documents relevant to internal oversight in the public sector. The results indicate that internal oversight is a crucial mechanism in preventing fraud in public sector financial management. The implementation of Fraud Risk Control plays a role in identifying, assessing, and controlling fraud risks, thereby enhancing the transparency and accountability of regional financial management. Furthermore, APIP has a strategic role through internal audit functions, risk-based oversight, and providing consultation to improve regional financial management systems. Strengthening APIP’s capabilities, enhancing the maturity of the Government Internal Control System (SPIP), and ensuring the independence of internal supervisors are essential factors in realizing transparent and accountable regional financial governance.

Public services are a state obligation to meet the basic needs of the community and have a strong legal basis through various laws and regulations in Indonesia. However, in practice, the implementation of public services still faces various problems such as slow service processes, unclear procedures, lack of transparency in costs and service times, and maladministration. This study aims to analyze the gap between the normative concept of public services and their implementation in practice and to identify factors that influence the low quality of public services. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research through analysis of various literature, laws and regulations, and data from public service supervisory agencies. The results show that the main problems in public services in Indonesia are related to the weak implementation of service standards, low transparency and accountability, and suboptimal professionalism of the apparatus. In addition, maladministration practices such as prolonged delays and procedural deviations are still common. Digital transformation through the implementation of e-government is one effort to improve service quality, although its implementation still faces obstacles in human resources, infrastructure, and bureaucratic culture. Therefore, strengthening public service governance, increasing transparency, and optimizing oversight are necessary to ensure public services are more effective, accountable, and oriented toward the public interest.

This study examines the integration of Christian values into the Merdeka Curriculum for Christian Religious Education (PAK) in junior high schools (SMP), focusing on the challenges and strategies for its implementation. The Merdeka Curriculum, introduced in 2022, offers flexibility in instructional design; however, its implementation in the field of PAK requires specific adaptations to maintain the relevance of Christian values such as love, justice, and responsibility. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using library research combined with empirical content analysis of various case studies in Indonesian Christian schools. The findings indicate that the primary challenges include resource constraints, the readiness of PAK teachers, technological infrastructure gaps, and the influence of secular digital culture. Effective strategies include the development of a contextual curriculum based on Christian values, the utilization of digital technology in learning, the enhancement of teachers’ professional competencies, and collaboration between schools, families, and churches. The implications of this study suggest that the integration of Christian values into the Merdeka Curriculum can foster the holistic character of junior high school students, equipping them with integrity, resilience, and the ability to face the challenges of the digital age.