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The integration of solar powered IoT irrigation systems in precision agriculture offers a sustainable solution to address water scarcity and enhance crop productivity. By leveraging real time data from soil sensors, weather APIs, and machine learning algorithms, these systems optimize irrigation schedules and improve water use efficiency. This research explores the potential of integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar power, with edge computing in smart irrigation systems to promote sustainable agricultural practices. The study aims to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of water savings, crop yield, energy efficiency, and adaptability to varying climate conditions. Literature Review: Previous studies highlight the importance of smart irrigation systems in reducing water waste and improving crop yield through real time monitoring and automated decision making. However, existing systems often lack the integration of renewable energy and edge computing, which are critical for ensuring sustainability and operational efficiency in rural agricultural settings. The combination of renewable energy with IoT devices offers a promising solution to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions, while edge computing enhances real time data processing, ensuring prompt and accurate irrigation adjustments. Materials and Method: The proposed system integrates solar powered IoT devices, soil moisture sensors, weather data APIs, and edge computing devices to manage irrigation. Machine learning algorithms and evapotranspiration models are used to predict irrigation needs and optimize scheduling based on real time data. The system's performance is evaluated through metrics such as water savings percentage, crop yield improvements, and energy consumption, with a comparative analysis against traditional irrigation methods. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that the system successfully reduces water usage by 30% to 40%, increases crop yield by 25%, and operates with energy autonomy, powered entirely by solar energy. The system's adaptability to varying climate conditions ensures optimal crop growth, even under environmental stresses. The integration of renewable energy and edge computing significantly enhances the sustainability and efficiency of irrigation systems.

This study examines the social and cultural values in the drama script Gerbong by Agam Wispi through a literary anthropology approach. The research is grounded in the role of literature as a reflection of socio-cultural values, with Gerbong selected for its rich portrayal of post-revolution Indonesian societal dynamics, which has yet to be holistically analyzed from an anthropological perspective. The aim is to identify the manifestations of socio-cultural values through dramatic structures such as dialogue, characterization, and conflict. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, analyzing narrative and symbolic elements within the script. Findings reveal that social values are reflected in non-familial solidarity, critiques of revolutionary injustice, humanism amid adversity, and women’s resistance to stigmatization. Cultural values emerge through the gerbong (train carriage) as a metaphor for resilience, collective sacrifice, and a belief in independence preserved through oral traditions. Intergenerational conflicts between colonial and post-independence values highlight cultural dynamics in postcolonial transition. The study recommends integrating the script into educational curricula, exploring its performative dimensions, and conducting further interdisciplinary research on power relations and gender representation.

The concept of the Kingdom of God in Matthew's Gospel is a central theme of the Teaching of Jesus Christ. The Kingdom of God can be understood as the reign of God that has entered this age through the presence of Jesus and will be perfect at His second coming. This research aims to understand the concept of the Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Matthew and its implications for the lives of believers. This research method uses textual and historical analysis to understand the concept of the Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Matthew. The results of the study show that the Kingdom of God has some very special characteristics, such as a government that is sinless and not weak before God, full of the Holy Spirit, and has great power to do extraordinary things.Jesus taught the concept of God's Kingdom through compelling parables and demonstrated important aspects of God's Kingdom. This research also shows that the coming of God's Kingdom refers to the second coming of Jesus, in which the Kingdom will be present in full power. Therefore, believers must be ready to receive the Kingdom of God in their lives and to demonstrate God's power in their actions.

Fakfak Regency is one of the areas in the West Papua region consisting of a cluster of islands and Andamata Village is one of the clusters of islands with a location far from the city center of Fakfak Regency. With such geographical conditions, it is a challenge for the local government, especially PLN, to be able to distribute electrical energy properly. However, PLN as the main supplier of national energy has made developments by implementing solar power plants for areas far from the city center of Fakfak. However, to maintain the sustainability of this power plant, experts are needed who can carry out maintenance and care on the solar power plant system. Therefore, this community service activity is carried out to train local communities and youth leaders to be able to carry out maintenance and early response if there is a problem with the PLTS system. The method used in this activity is to provide material on PLTS system maintenance, carry out system maintenance practices and evaluations. Based on the results of the evaluation, the community's understanding and skills in maintaining the PLTS system are classified as very good. This can be seen from the level of understanding of participants, the average very understanding reached 28%, the understanding category with an average of 60%, the fairly understanding category with an average of 10% and the average category of not understanding reached 2%.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) at PT PLN Nusantara Power Unit Pembangkitan Gresik in reducing pollutant loads from domestic wastewater. The evaluation involves analyzing water quality parameters including pH, BOD, COD, TSS, oil and grease, total ammonia, and total coliform at both inlet and outlet of the STP. Additionally, the actual daily discharge was observed and compared to the design capacity to assess operational efficiency. The method used was descriptive qualitative, involving field observation, documentation, and laboratory test data analysis during the January–March 2025 period. The results show that all outlet parameters met the effluent standards set by Regulation No. 68/2016 of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. However, the actual flow rate, which is only 1.6–3.3% of the design capacity, indicates potential inefficiencies in energy use and biological processes. Therefore, operational adjustments and optimization of STP capacity utilization are necessary for more efficient and sustainable system performance.

This study explores the representation and subversion of gender norms in the film Clueless (1995), directed by Amy Heckerling, using Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity. The film blends teen humor with social critique on class, identity, and gender, illustrating how gender identities are constructed and performed through characters such as Cher, Tai, and Christian. By analyzing these characters’ performances, the study reveals how gender is not a fixed identity but a dynamic social construct shaped by repeated actions and societal expectations. Fashion plays a pivotal role in this performativity, highlighting gender as both a stylized performance and a marker of individuality. Additionally, the subversion of traditional masculinity and the critique of gender norms through humor offer alternative portrayals of gender roles. The study concludes that Clueless challenges and redefines gender identities, reinforcing the idea that gender is fluid and performative, thus providing a powerful tool for critiquing and reshaping societal norms.

This study aims to examine the application of mala in se and mala per se concepts in the counter-terrorism policy in Indonesia, based on Law Number 15 of 2003 in conjunction with Law Number 5 of 2018. Terrorism is categorized as an extraordinary crime that causes serious harm both nationally and internationally. This research employs a literature review and normative legal approach to analyze the application of criminal law norms within the context of human rights protection. The findings show that terrorism, as a mala in se offense, requires a comprehensive legal approach that prioritizes not only national security but also the protection of civil rights. The enforcement of anti-terrorism laws, if applied too broadly and harshly, may violate the principles of due process and substantive justice. Therefore, counter-terrorism efforts must be based on the pro justitia principle, supported by independent oversight and active civil society participation to prevent abuse of power and maintain the integrity of the legal system.

Film is a communication medium that has the power to convey social messages to audiences through narrative and visuals. One of the social phenomena currently being extensively discussed is the issue of the sandwich generation, which is the first topic in the "Home Sweet Loan" film. With a qualitative approach and John Fiske's semiotic analysis, this research aims to explore how the sandwich generation issue is represented in the "Home Sweet Loan" film with three levels of analysis: reality, representation, and ideology. This study can contribute to providing a deeper understanding of how films can play a role in depicting relevant social issues and influencing society's perceptions of these social phenomena.

This research examines the constitutional aspects of executive power limitations in presidential systems by comparing governmental practices in Indonesia and the United States. Through juridical-normative and comparative approaches, this research analyzes constitutional design, jurisprudence, and institutional practices that limit presidential power in both countries. Key findings indicate significant differences in checks and balances mechanisms, with the United States relying on a stricter doctrine of separation of powers compared to Indonesia, which implements power distribution. This research also identifies weaknesses in executive power limitations in Indonesia, particularly concerning legislative authority and the appointment of high-ranking state officials. The results of this research are expected to contribute to strengthening constitutional mechanisms in limiting executive power to prevent abuse of authority.

This article analzses sixteen short stories in modern Javanese literature. Those short stories were published between 2003 and 2005 in Panjebar Semangat, a Javanese weekly periodical in Surabaya. Using Anderson’s concept of power in Java as the main theoretical framework, I delve into the sixteen short stories to understand how power operates after the 1998 Indonesia’s Reformation. In addition, I also use Anderson’s, Geertz’s, and Magnis-Suseno’s concepts of harmony in Javanese society as the second theoretical framework to analyze how the sixteen short stories reflect the relationship between the rulers and the people. The analysis shows that the sixteen short stories are loaded with the corrupt power causing disharmony in modern Javanese and Indonesian societies. The corrupt power in Indonesia did not only happen during the New Order regime but also in the Reformation Order regime. After the Reformation, people hoped that those in power would become much better in creating welfare, prosperity and justice for the people, but they were as corrupt as or even more corrupt than those during the New Order regime. The corruption of power has many manifestations which cause further distance between the rulers and the people, and thus creating disharmony in Javanese society. Since most authors of Javanese literature are from the ordinary people, they take side with the common people. Even though the analyzed short stories are far from being the voices of all people in Java, at least they represent the voice of the voiceless.

Indonesia is a developing country located at the convergence of four tectonic plates, making it highly prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. These frequent disasters highlight the critical need for reliable electricity during emergencies. However, disaster-affected areas often struggle to restore power due to accessibility issues. To address this, alternative energy sources are needed, and Solar Power Plants (PLTS) offer a practical solution. PLTS are easy to implement, depend only on sunlight, and provide clean energy with low carbon emissions. Under clear skies, solar radiation can reach 1,000 Watts per square meter, making it a powerful energy source. Additionally, PLTS systems are adaptable and can be deployed in various formats, including mobile units. This study focuses on designing a Mobile PLTS to support BASARNAS operations in disaster zones. Data collection was conducted using resources from BNPB, BMKG, BASARNAS, and NASA. The analysis includes the geographical characteristics of the site, solar radiation intensity, and the operational dimensions of the BASARNAS Mobile Truck. The study aims to determine the suitable system specifications and estimate the energy production capacity of the Mobile PLTS. The proposed design features 20 solar panels, each with a capacity of 300 Wp, producing an average of 27.70 kWh per day. It also includes 16 batteries for energy storage. The remaining space in the truck can be used for transporting logistics or essential tools, making it a multifunctional unit ideal for disaster response scenarios.

Generators are an important component in electrical generation. One of the disturbances that occurs in the generator is a short circuit fault. PT Oki Pulp and Paper has a Diesel Generator which is equipment that can be used as an alternative electrical generator to meet backup electricity needs, when a trip / shutdown occurs, the diesel generator will become backup power. The diesel generator observed is YCSR with a capacity of 3875 KVA/380 Volts. The purpose of this research is to analyse the Short Circuit Disturbance of Diesel Generator YCSR 3875 KVA and analyse the calculation of the time required for Over Current Protection on short circuit disturbance of Diesel Generator YCSR 3875 KVA. The research was conducted at the DG House of PT Oki Pulp and Paper in December 2024. The results of the short circuit fault analysis obtained are 17,042.40 A. The time required for the relay to disconnect the electricity during a short circuit is 4.09 seconds. The time obtained from the calculation is quite short, it can be seen that the short circuit fault that occurred was 17,042.40 A. To get the results of the relay working time, there is a calculation to find out how much TMS is determined through calculation, from the calculation getting the TMS result of 1,007 seconds. With TMS = 1.007 seconds, calculations are carried out to find the time required for the overcurrent relay to send a signal to the circuit breaker.

The partners for this community service activity are UMKM which are engaged in goat slaughtering. One of the problems faced is that the process of removing goat skin is still manual, that is, it still uses human labor, where using human power for the goat skinning process requires less efficient time. Therefore, these UMKM really need a touch of technology related to the goat skin removal method to overcome the problems of UMKM engaged in the business of slaughtering goats and selling goat meat. Therefore, in community service activities, goat skin pulling machines will be handed over to partner entrepreneurs, namely MSMEs. Mak Ngat at the Rasmala market in the Srondol Wetan housing complex, Banyumanik sub-district, Semarang city. Impact After using a goat skin pulling machine for Mak'Ngat UMKM, the goat skinning process is more economical, namely when done manually it can skin 12 goats in one hour, but when done using a machine, 12 goats can be done in 15 minutes and this number has increased drastically

General Elections (Pemilu) are one of the important moments in democratic life in Indonesia. Indonesian elections are a true expression of democracy and a means for the people to declare their sovereignty over the state and government. Elections are based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and are held in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) based on the principle of direct, universal, free elections. , confidential, honest and fair Political participation in a democratic country shows that the people fulfill the highest legitimacy of state power (popular sovereignty), this is manifested in the form of participation in democratic political parties (elections) for the welfare of the people. A very interesting group of voters to follow and study Furthermore, novice voters or new voters are voters who are taking part in an election for the first time, especially the millennial generation, who have a crucial role in determining the future direction of the nation. This research aims to explore the understanding and perceptions of novice voters towards the election process, through the film "Kejarlah Janji". This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and analysis of the film "Kejarlah Janji". The research results show that first-time voters tend to have a limited understanding of the election process, but the film "Kejarlah Janji" is able to raise political awareness and motivate them to take part in the election.

Management and characteristics of B3 waste at PT Ketenagalistrikan based on the potential hazards produced have been carried out by grouping and storing B3 waste based on physical, chemical and based on potential hazards with the aim of security and safety in the Temporary Storage Warehouse for B3 Waste. PT. Ketenagalistrikan has implemented a comprehensive Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3) waste management system based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 and Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 6 of 2021. Power plant operational activities produce various types of B3 waste such as used oil, used batteries, and other contaminated materials. B3 waste management is carried out through the stages of identification, sorting, containerization, labeling, temporary storage at licensed B3 TPS, as well as transportation and processing by licensed third parties. A quarterly recording and reporting system to environmental agencies is also carried out routinely. This program has succeeded in reducing the risk of environmental pollution and increasing the company's compliance with applicable B3 waste management regulations. Occupational Safety and Health (K3) at PT. Electricity, especially in the handling and storage of Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3) waste, also plays an important role in avoiding unwanted things. B3 waste generated from PT. Ketenagalistrikan office operations such as used lubricants, batteries, used TL lamps, printer cartridges, and other electronic equipment require special handling in accordance with Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Compliance with K3 standards in the storage of B3 waste is an effort to minimize the risk of environmental pollution and potential health problems for workers. The implementation of K3 in the storage of B3 waste in PT. Ketenagalistrikan offices not only fulfills regulatory obligations but also supports the company's commitment to environmental sustainability in accordance with ISO 14001:2015, as well as ensuring the safety and health of its workers.

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a communication technology that plays an important role in improving operational safety and efficiency in the shipping industry. AIS allows ships to exchange real-time data on identity, position, speed, and direction, which helps prevent collisions and facilitates maritime traffic management by port authorities. In addition, AIS functions in search and rescue operations by providing accurate information on the location of ships in trouble. In terms of security, AIS allows monitoring of suspicious ships, thus helping in preventing illegal activities in the waters. This study aims to design and develop a prototype AIS receiver based on LoRa, Arduino, and LCD HMI. The LoRa module was chosen because of its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, which is suitable for the maritime environment. Arduino is used as the main microcontroller to control the system, while the LCD HMI serves as the display interface for the received data. After the hardware and software design was completed, the system was tested through functional testing and performance measurements using a spectrum analyzer to evaluate the strength of the LoRa signal at various distances. The test results show that the AIS receiver is able to receive data well up to 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea, with a delay of 100 milliseconds. System performance degrades at longer distances due to environmental interference and signal attenuation. These findings provide insight into the effective limits of LoRa communication in maritime applications and can be used as a reference for frequency testing and optimization of LoRa-based long-range communication systems.

Abstract Indonesia is a country based on law and not based on mere power. A rule of law has a commitment to uphold every human right (HAM) and guarantees that every citizen has equal status before the law. Law has the aim of achieving peace, justice and benefits for society, in order to achieve order and tranquility in order to realize the supremacy of law. To realize legal supremacy, law enforcers are needed. This research uses a type of normative legal research, which is carried out by looking at secondary data or library sources which include primary and secondary legal documents. Criminal justice mechanisms in Indonesia still involve neglect of the Procedural Code. Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), especially in article 56. This is caused by law enforcers who think that the state is only obliged to offer and provide legal advice to accompany the defendant. If sanctions are not regulated for refusing to provide legal advice to the defendant, this will result in losses for the defendant in the investigation process starting from the police level to the judicial process, in which case it can be said that there is a legal vacuum. Keywords: Article 56 KUHAP, Legal Certainty, Legal Justice

This study aims to determine the effect of soaking time and coconut water concentration on the dormancy breaking of oil palm seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor is the concentration of coconut water (A): A1 = 25% coconut water/liter of water, A2 = 50% coconut water/liter of water, and A3 = 75% coconut water/liter of water. The second factor is the soaking time (L): L1 = 30 minutes, L2 = 60 minutes, and L3 = 90 minutes. Data analysis was conducted using variance analysis and Duncan's test. The results showed that the concentration of coconut water significantly affected germination power, germination age, plant height, and the number of leaves of oil palm seedlings. A 75% concentration of coconut water produced the best dormancy breaking of oil palm seeds. The soaking time in coconut water solution also significantly affected germination power, germination age, plant height, and the number of leaves of oil palm seedlings. A soaking time of 90 minutes resulted in the best dormancy breaking of oil palm seeds. The interaction between coconut water concentration and soaking time significantly affected the germination power of oil palm seeds. This study provides important information on the optimal soaking conditions to improve dormancy breaking success, which can be used to accelerate the germination and growth of oil palm seedlings.

With the rapid advancement of technology, the world is increasingly shifting toward the digital era, influencing various aspects of life, including the field of Public Relations (PR). Traditional PR activities that previously relied on print media, radio, or television broadcasts are now experiencing a decline in effectiveness. In response to this shift, organizations and companies are transitioning their communication strategies to digital platforms, one of which is through digital campaigns. Digital campaigns have emerged as a modern form of PR activity that leverages the power of social media to reach a wider, interactive, and more segmented audience. The success of a digital campaign is largely determined by the media used. Currently, Instagram stands out as one of the most popular social media platforms, especially among younger generations, due to its ability to present engaging and easily accessible visual content.Bank Mandiri, as one of the largest banks in Indonesia, is taking advantage of this digital trend by launching digital campaigns through its official Instagram account. This strategy aims to strengthen brand image, increase audience engagement, and expand the company’s communication reach. By utilizing interactive features such as Instagram Stories, Reels, and Live, Bank Mandiri is able to establish more effective two-way communication with its audience. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Bank Mandiri’s digital campaign on Instagram and its impact on audience perception and engagement. The results of this analysis are expected to contribute to the development of more adaptive digital PR strategies in the current era of digital transformation.

This study explores the concept of the Kingdom of God in the book of Acts as a spiritual and eternal reality that transcends political power and geographical boundaries. Through the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and the work of the apostles led by the Holy Spirit, the Kingdom of God manifests and grows within the early Christian community. Using a qualitative approach through library research, this study examines how the Kingdom of God was understood, practiced, and proclaimed by the apostles, as well as its relevance for contemporary Christian life. The findings indicate that the Kingdom of God is a call to live in love, justice, and peace, with the Holy Spirit as the central force in gospel proclamation and the formation of a Christ-centered community.