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The Great Mosque of Tegal City is a historic building that has undergone numerous renovations since its establishment in 1825-1830. These renovations aimed not only to meet the functional and capacity needs of worshippers but also reflected modern architectural trends, occasionally compromising historical elements. This study employs a qualitative approach using documentation, observation, and literature synthesis methods to analyze the mosque's architectural changes. Using John Obert Voll's "continuity and change" theory, the research identifies the preserved original architectural elements and the modifications made. The findings reveal that while several original features, such as the mosque's core structure, remain intact, significant changes in renovations—such as the addition of floors, towers, and alterations to the gate design—have impacted the mosque's historical and aesthetic values. The study recommends the preservation of historical elements to maintain the mosque's cultural identity.

This study aims to examine how John G. Cawelti's classic detective formula is implemented in Holly Jackson's A Good Girl's Guide to Murder. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this research explores the narrative structure of the novel. The research focuses on how the elements of the formula constructively shape the events that are narrated. Data was collected through reading the novel and note-taking. For the findings, the novel follows the six structural stages outlined in John G. Cawelti (1976) theory: (1) introduction of the detective, (2)crime and clues, (3)investigation, (4)announcement of the solution, (5)explanation of the solution, and (6) denouement. The protagonist of the story is Pippa Fitz-Amobi, a high school student who investigates a long-closed murder case for her school project. The novel adapts classic concepts into a contemporary context through its unique role as a teenage detective. In addition, the conventional detective narrative becomes more innovative by incorporating multimedia formats such as interview transcripts, emails, and diaries. This study found that Jackson's novel successfully blends traditional genre standards with modern storytelling methods, providing a fresh detective experience while maintaining the core structure of classic mystery fiction.

This article aims to know and analyze efforts to reconstruct the principle of legal certainty which is the object of the case in the Ethics Court of the Ethics Council of the Election Organizer in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research methods or doctrinal legal research. This article shows that there is legal uncertainty in the regulation of the Ethics Council of Election Organizers. Therefore, this article provides recommendations for specific arrangements regarding legal certainty that become material elements of the case that can be submitted to the Honorary Council of Election Organizers.

The cosmetics industry in Indonesia is experiencing rapid progress, with the emergence of more and more products on the market, both from domestic and foreign brands. Public awareness, especially among men and women, of the importance of maintaining their appearance through the use of cosmetic products is growing. This study aims to analyze the impact of price on purchasing decisions for MS Glow products, by considering the variables of perceived quality, brand loyalty, and competitiveness in the market. The method applied is qualitative research with a literature study approach, which includes analysis of various relevant scientific literature. The results of the study indicate that price, product quality, and promotion have a significant impact on purchasing decisions. This study also highlights the importance of understanding the elements of the marketing mix, especially price, in influencing consumer purchasing decisions. These findings are expected to provide strategic recommendations to cosmetic industry players in formulating effective pricing policies that are oriented towards consumer needs.

Law enforcement in civil cases that have obtained permanent legal force (inkracht van gewijsde) often faces various complex challenges. For example, in land ownership cases that may be suspected of being linked to corruption crimes. Therefore, law enforcement officials must ensure that there is strong and sufficient evidence to process criminal elements without undermining the legal certainty of civil cases that have been decided. Good coordination between civil and criminal judicial institutions is also essential to ensure that justice can be comprehensively upheld. This research is qualitative in nature regarding concepts, relevant laws, and legal facts related to the issues being studied. The data obtained is subsequently analyzed using descriptive analysis, which is an analysis conducted by elaborating the obtained data. The research results show that: (1) The procedure executed by law enforcement officials aligns with the legal authority granted to them. However, the process may result in losses for parties legally proven not to have committed unlawful acts, as evidenced by the final and binding legal decision, with the case dependent on further evidentiary proceedings; (2) Obstacles in law enforcement processes stem from three primary factors: the law itself, law enforcement officials, and society, wherein socio-political interventions can provoke public opinion and conflicts between law enforcement and the community.

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in global economic growth. However, not all entrepreneurs achieve success. This study aims to deeply examine the mindset and character that serve as the fundamental basis for entrepreneurial success, as well as the influencing factors and strategies for fostering these qualities based on a literature review. Through a literature review method, it was found that successful entrepreneurs possess a growth mindset, are solution-oriented, and adaptive, supported by specific thinking methods like BETSCA (Bricolage, Effectuation, Think Structurally, Cognitive Adaptability). Furthermore, key characters such as commitment, creativity, resilience, risk-taking propensity, and networking ability are crucial elements. The study also identified various driving factors and types of motivation (intrinsic-extrinsic) in entrepreneurship. Another important finding is that the entrepreneurial spirit and character can be learned and developed through personal commitment, a supportive environment, education, and continuous learning processes. The conclusion of this study asserts that the combination of the right mindset and strong character, along with the ability to continuously develop both, is essential for increasing the chances of success in the world of entrepreneurship.

Feminism is a movement that fights for equality between men and women in all aspects of life, including social, political, and cultural. As one of the most influential media producers, Disney has long been criticized for presenting female characters in traditional and passive roles. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the feminist elements found in the film and how they reflect the development of gender equality values. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data taken directly from the 2025 live-action film Snow White. The analysis is supported by library research and based on Rosemarie Tong’s (2009) feminist theory, which categorizes feminism into eight types. The data is taken from several pictures, dialogues, monologues from Snow White (2025) movie and then analysis done contextually and theoretically. The findings show that the film most strongly reflects liberal feminism (35%), followed by radical and psychoanalytic feminism (24% each), with smaller portions of socialist, existentialist, and ecofeminism. The film presents Snow White not as a passive princess, but as a thoughtful and independent character who questions gender expectations and asserts her own values.

This study examines the relationship between the hadith of H.R. Tirmidzi No. 1232 concerning the prohibition of selling goods that are not yet owned with Article 4 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 21/2008 concerning the intermediary function of Islamic banking in Indonesia. With a descriptive-analytical approach with a juridical-normative method, this study reveals significant gaps in the implementation of regulations. While the hadith provides theological guidelines that require actual ownership before the contract, the fragmented regulatory framework results in inconsistent interpretations by the Sharia Supervisory Board in various institutions. Analysis of SINTA indexed journals shows that many Islamic banking products still contain elements of gharar (uncertainty), especially in murabahah contracts with installment payments. This study identifies three main issues: the limited explicit regulation in the DSN-MUI fatwa regarding hybrid contracts, structural challenges in Indonesia's decentralized regulatory approach compared to Malaysia's centralized model, and the gap between theoretical discourse and practical implementation. To strengthen the synergy between religious principles and regulatory mandates, this study recommends harmonization of the regulatory framework, implementation of intensive training for supervisory boards on the contextual background of related hadiths, and development of integrated compliance audits to assess product consistency with hadith guidance and legal requirements.    

This research uses a qualitative method to examine the influence of emotional copywriting on user engagement in algorithm-curated social media platforms such as Instagram Reels and TikTok’s For You Page (FYP). The increasing consumption of short-form, personalized content driven by user behavior highlights the need for more targeted communication strategies. Emotional copywriting—writing that emphasizes affective elements such as empathy, joy, fear, or nostalgia—is considered effective in creating emotional bonds between content creators and audiences, thus encouraging interactions like likes, comments, and shares. This study was conducted through content analysis of 25 viral videos with high engagement, along with in-depth interviews with five active content creators. The findings reveal that using emotionally resonant phrases aligned with users’ social values and experiences significantly boosts content performance within algorithmic systems. Emotionally charged content tends to receive broader exposure as algorithms prioritize highly interactive posts. Therefore, emotional copywriting is not only a creative strategy but also an effective tactic for optimizing content visibility in the age of social media algorithms.   Keywords: , , , , , Reels, ,  social platforms.

The problem of the legality of the agreement of the deed of debt and credit agreement into buying and selling requires legal certainty so that no one is harmed. Normative legal certainty is when a regulation is made and promulgated with certainty because it regulates clearly and logically. Clear in the sense that it does not cause doubt (multi-interpretation) and logical in the sense that it becomes a system of norms with other norms so that it does not clash or cause norm conflicts. Norm conflict arising from rule uncertainty can take the form of norm contestation, norm reduction or norm distortion. This research approach is descriptive analytical which describes legal events that occur as they are and conveys these conditions according to theory and legislation. The research method used in the research is empirical juridical which analyzes the Bandung District Court Decision Number: 162/PDT.G/2021/PN.BDG regarding the Legality of the Deed of Sale and Purchase Agreement as Collateral for Debt and Credit Due to Legal Defects. The results of this study show that; AJB, which should be a proof of transfer of land rights in a real sale and purchase transaction, in this case is used to guarantee debt repayment. This is a deviation from the function of the AJB, which is legally unjustified because it contradicts the principle of halal causa (Articles 1335 and 1337 of the Civil Code). Therefore, the AJB made does not meet the elements of a valid causa, and therefore can be canceled or even null and void.

This study uses a qualitative method to analyze the optimization of digital branding strategies in enhancing the competitiveness of Islamic banks in the digital economy era. Changes in consumer behavior, advancements in information technology, and increasing competition in the banking sector are the main factors driving the importance of digital branding as a modern marketing strategy. Islamic banks are required not only to comply with Sharia principles but also to adapt to digital transformation dynamics to maintain their relevance. This study explores various elements of digital branding such as digital visual identity, social media interaction, and brand narratives based on Islamic values that help shape positive consumer perceptions. The findings reveal that Islamic banks that consistently implement digital branding strategies are more likely to build customer loyalty, increase brand awareness, and create strong differentiation from conventional competitors. These findings affirm that digital branding is not merely a promotional tool but a strategic instrument in building public trust and brand image in the rapidly evolving digital transformation era.    

The abstract of this journal explains that Islamic banks operate based on Islamic sharia principles that do not recognize the interest system (riba), and instead prioritize the principles of justice, partnership, and profit sharing. Islamic banks were established as an alternative for people who want a financial system that is in accordance with sharia. In this system, financial transactions must be free from elements of usury, gharar (uncertainty), and maisir (gambling), and prioritize honesty and transparency.

This study conducts an in-depth examination of 87 mixed-method studies that address war-related trauma in the Middle East over the past two decades (2000–2023), employing a systematic methodological meta-synthesis approach to formulate a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of armed conflict on affected populations. Quantitative findings indicate an exceedingly high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), reaching 73.4% among war refugees (n = 12,456), accompanied by significant comorbidity rates in the form of depression (68.2%) and anxiety disorders (59.7%), both of which clinically exacerbate recovery prognosis. Meanwhile, the thematic qualitative analysis successfully identified five principal dimensions of recurrent traumatic experiences, namely direct exposure to violence (82.3%), the loss of family members (76.9%), forced displacement (71.4%), existential uncertainty regarding the future (68.9%), and the disintegration of social cohesion within affected communities (65.2%). A comprehensive integration of quantitative and qualitative data reveals a substantial correlation between the duration of conflict exposure and the severity of PTSD (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), indicating a linear association between the chronicity of war experiences and the intensity of psychological trauma. Through meta-regression, this study also identifies several statistically significant protective variables that reinforce both individual and collective resilience, including the presence of family support (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), the intensity of religiosity (β = 0.38, p < 0.01), and the strength of community resilience (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), all of which function as moderating factors of traumatic impact. In contrast to the narrow focus of Storozhuk et al. (2023) and Boeije et al. (2013), who emphasized individual trauma, this study advances a broadened paradigm by exploring the collective dimensions of war trauma made possible through an integrative methodological design. While Zerach and Solomon (2016) previously proposed three core categories of traumatic experience, the present study expands the conceptual spectrum by identifying two additional themes and unveiling the complex network of interrelations among trauma elements. The principal novelty of this study lies in the formulation of an integrative model of war trauma that not only theoretically unifies individual and collective dynamics but also constructs a new methodological framework that may serve as a reference point for trauma research in conflict-affected regions marked by the volatile and multidimensional sociopolitical context of the Middle East.

This study aims to analyze the theory and implementation of decision-making in public administration and to examine its relation to Rational Choice Theory. In the context of public administration, decision-making is influenced not only by norms and bureaucratic structures but also by the rationality of the actors involved. Rational Choice Theory views individuals as rational agents who make decisions based on cost-benefit calculations to maximize personal interest. This study adopts a qualitative approach using literature review and content analysis methods on public policies and relevant case studies. The findings reveal that the implementation of decision-making in the public sector is often not entirely rational due to the influence of political, social, and cultural factors. Nevertheless, elements of Rational Choice Theory remain an important framework for understanding the motivations of bureaucratic actors in formulating and executing policies. This study recommends integrating rational approaches with normative and contextual perspectives in public administration practices to produce more effective and responsive decisions.

This article examines the foundational role of traditional methods in Arabic language instruction by exploring classical pedagogies rooted in Islamic educational heritage. Amid the rising dominance of modern and communicative approaches, a critical reassessment of historical methods—such as imlāʾ, talqīn, qirāʾah jahrīyah, ḥifẓ, and tarjamah—is necessary to understand their pedagogical strengths, limitations, and philosophical underpinnings. This study employs a reflective literature-based method that draws upon classical Islamic texts, modern comparative analyses, and recent academic contributions to reconstruct the theoretical framework of traditional instruction. Findings reveal that while classical methods emphasized memorization, authority, and textual mastery, they also embodied a coherent epistemology centered on ethical formation (adab), teacher–student transmission (taqlīd), and spiritual-intellectual integration. These methods were not only instructional techniques but were embedded within broader ontological and axiological assumptions about knowledge, language, and human development. The study argues that rather than being entirely outdated, elements of traditional pedagogy remain relevant and can be selectively integrated into modern educational models to balance structure with creativity, discipline with dialogue. By critically reviewing classical pedagogies, this article contributes to the discourse on Arabic language curriculum reform, especially in Islamic institutions seeking to preserve identity while engaging contemporary educational challenges

This article explores the contextualisation of Christianity within Chinese culture by examining how Christian worship can embrace local wisdom and cultural values. Contextualisation plays a crucial role in ensuring that the expression of Christian faith remains both theologically sound and cul-turally resonant. In the Chinese context, where ancestral reverence, symbolic traditions, and fami-ly-centered values are deeply embedded, a sensitive and thoughtful approach is required. The study employs a qualitative method through a literature review of theological writings, historical records, and cultural analyses to investigate how Christian theology can engage meaningfully with Chinese traditions. The findings reveal that certain cultural elements—such as ancestor honour, which is central to filial piety; the colour red, symbolising prosperity and joy; and the collectivist view of family—can be reinterpreted within a Christian framework. Ancestor honour, for instance, can be seen not as idol worship but as a celebration of faith heritage and family lineage. The use of tradi-tional music, symbols, and festivals such as Chinese New Year in church services demonstrates that cultural integration is possible without compromising the gospel's core message.Moreover, the emphasis on harmony and extended family in Chinese society parallels the Christian concept of koinonia, or spiritual fellowship. By embracing these cultural values, churches in China can present the Christian faith in ways that are both biblically faithful and culturally meaningful. This research underscores the importance of contextual theology in nurturing indigenous expressions of Chris-tianity that honor both Christ and culture.

This research uses a qualitative method to examine the influence of marketing strategies on the interest in using Islamic banking products among Generation Z. This generation has unique characteristics in accessing information and making financial decisions, including the selection of banking services. Marketing strategies employed by Islamic banks—such as digital promotion, emotional appeal, and Islamic values—play a crucial role in attracting the attention of this generation. The study aims to understand how the elements of marketing—product, price, place, and promotion—affect Generation Z’s perception and preference toward Islamic banking products. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants from among university students and Islamic banking practitioners. The analysis results show that the use of social media, delivery of religious values, and ease of access are dominant factors in increasing interest. These findings contribute to the development of relevant and effective marketing strategies for Islamic banks to expand their market among digitally literate and spiritually aware young generations.

Celebration is part of human emotional expression that is often carried out in various forms, ranging from personal celebrations to collective moments such as the success of a sports team or major religious holidays.This article aims to examine the phenomenon of celebration from the perspective of the hadith of Prophet Muhammad SAW, by reviewing several narrations related to expressions of joy, forms of celebrations, and the Shari'ah limits in their implementation.This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method with a thematic approach to relevant hadiths, both from the nine canonical collections and the commentary books.The study results show that Islam does not prohibit forms of celebration as long as they do not contain elements of sin, violate Sharia norms, or imitate traditions that contradict Islamic teachings.Hadiths show that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) himself did not deny expressions of joy as long as they were done within reasonable and meaningful limits.Therefore, celebrations in Islam are considered a means of expressing legitimate gratitude and happiness, as long as they are conducted in accordance with true Islamic values.

This paper examines the violation of the Islamic business ethics principle of amanah (trustworthiness) through a case study of financial statement manipulation by PT Garuda Indonesia in 2018. The company recorded unrealized revenue of USD 239 million as profit, while in fact it was operating at a loss. This action not only violated accounting standards but also breached Islamic values such as amanah (trust), shiddiq (honesty), and involved elements of tadlis (deception) and gharar (uncertainty). Using a qualitative approach and case study method, this paper analyzes documents from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), and Islamic business ethics literature. The findings reveal that this manipulation caused public distrust, administrative sanctions, and reputational damage. This paper recommends implementing Shariah-based corporate governance, ethical auditing aligned with Islamic principles, and strengthening ethical literacy in the business world. Therefore, justice and accountability in business can be upheld in accordance with Islamic teachings.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of marketing elements in the digital era and how sharia values can be integrated to support business sustainability. Using a literature study method, this study found that digitalization has changed the structure of the marketing mix (7P), creating new challenges and opportunities that demand ethics and fairness in marketing practices. Sharia values such as transparency, honesty, and trustworthiness are very relevant to be applied in digital marketing, both in the context of halal products, ethical distribution, educational promotion, and services based on Islamic values. The integration of sharia principles in digital marketing has been proven to support business sustainability from an economic, social, and environmental perspective, creating a business ecosystem that is not only profitable but also ethical and oriented towards the welfare.