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This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review to examine the relationship between job enrichment, the Human Resource Information System, and work–life balance on organisational performance through the mediating role of innovative work behaviour, with a particular focus on medium-scale Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Drawing on Scopus-indexed publications from 2020 to 2025, the review identifies theoretical and empirical findings that highlight the importance of human resource practices and digital transformation in strengthening organisational innovation. The analysis reveals that job enrichment significantly enhances employee autonomy, engagement, and intrinsic motivation, which in turn fosters innovative work behaviour. Likewise, the Human Resource Information System contributes to performance improvement by increasing decision-making efficiency and supporting data-driven innovation processes. Meanwhile, work–life balance promotes creativity and reduces stress, thereby fostering an environment conducive to innovative thinking. Furthermore, innovative work behaviour is found to mediate the relationship between human resource practices and organisational performance by transforming individual innovation into collective organisational outcomes. These findings indicate that integrating the Human Resource Information System with job enrichment and work–life balance policies can substantially enhance the competitiveness and productivity of medium-scale Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises. This study contributes to theoretical advancement in innovation-oriented human resource management and offers practical implications for developing adaptive human resource systems to ensure sustainable business performance in the digital era.

This study comprehensively evaluates the quality of biomass briquettes produced from blends of coconut shell charcoal and sengon sawdust, using both carbonized and non-carbonized materials. Composite briquettes were fabricated with varying compositions and characterized through proximate analysis, calorific value, density, and burning rate measurements to determine their suitability as solid fuel. The results indicate that adding non-carbonized sawdust increases volatile matter content and burning rate but reduces the calorific value of the briquettes. In contrast, incorporating up to 10% carbonized sawdust significantly improves the calorific value to 6119.2 cal/g, approaching that of pure coconut shell charcoal (6352.2 cal/g), while maintaining a relatively high burning rate. Briquettes containing carbonized sawdust also exhibit low ash content, below 3%, and moisture content under 8%, meeting standard solid fuel quality requirements. These findings demonstrate that a strategic combination of carbonized and non-carbonized materials can produce hybrid biomass briquettes with optimized thermal performance, providing a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative fuel for domestic and industrial applications.

In this paper, we study the use of linear programming for the performance enhancement of fortified queues systems in which resources are unreliable in terms of variation and a case study on Marjan Hospital is considered. The quality management maturity level in the hospital was measured by an integrated inspection tool; senior management was found to be concerned for quality of service improvement and implementation of modern technology systems. Strengths and weaknesses in that activity are shown, and it is evidenced the need of boosting the quality of service activities and promoting the coordination between the different areas. From the findings, the study recommends the use of linear programming technique,Orgers should as well enhance proper training and development and Acquisition of modern day technology for effective performance improvement and quality of service. The study demonstrates that the adoption of linear programming techniques could be a viable solution to optimize resource allocation and enhance performance in the hospital's queue systems. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of investing in staff training and development programs, as well as the acquisition of state-of-the-art technology, to further improve service delivery and ensure sustainable quality improvement in the long term.

This study aims to analyze the role of human resource management (HRM) in improving performance and retention among healthcare professionals in health service facilities. Using a systematic literature review approach based on the PRISMA method, this study reviewed 25 international and national journal articles published between 2015 and 2025. The findings indicate that strategic HRM practices—such as competency-based recruitment, continuous professional development, fair compensation, and transformational leadership—positively influence both performance and retention of healthcare workers. Additionally, factors like organizational culture, work-life balance, and psychological well-being play a mediating role in enhancing job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results highlight that HRM practices are not merely administrative functions but strategic elements that determine healthcare organizations’ sustainability and competitiveness. The study contributes to the development of theoretical frameworks in strategic HRM and provides practical recommendations for healthcare managers to design more adaptive, fair, and human-centered HR policies.

The danger of cadmium contamination in water sources remains a crucial environmental issue due to its persistent nature and high toxicity level, which poses serious risks to human health and ecosystems. Cadmium is a non-biodegradable heavy metal that can accumulate in living organisms over time. The presence of these toxic Cd²⁺ ions is known to trigger damage to vital organs such as the liver and kidneys; therefore, reducing their concentration in aquatic environments is of paramount importance for environmental protection and public health safety. Among various treatment methods, adsorption is considered one of the most effective and economical techniques for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water. In this study, the capability of mesoporous silica MCM-48-NH₂ as an adsorbent for Cd²⁺ ions was systematically evaluated. The adsorption performance was examined by investigating several important parameters, including contact time, solution acidity level (pH), and initial Cd²⁺ concentration. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism and interaction between Cd²⁺ ions and the adsorbent surface were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results demonstrate that the adsorption process of Cd²⁺ ions onto MCM-48-NH₂ tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption behavior, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.66 mmol g⁻¹.

Background: The development of modern manufacturing systems requires production scheduling strategies that not only improve productivity but also optimize energy utilization. Multi-machine production systems with job-shop configurations exhibit high complexity due to dynamic interactions between machines, job queues, and varying processing times, making conventional scheduling methods less effective in handling changing operational conditions. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a reinforcement learning based production scheduling approach to improve production efficiency while reducing energy consumption in multi-machine manufacturing systems. Methods: This research employs a job-shop based multi-machine production simulation model as the experimental environment. The scheduling problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process, enabling the implementation of reinforcement learning algorithms, namely Q-learning and Deep Q-Network, to learn optimal scheduling policies through interaction with the simulation environment. Energy consumption parameters are incorporated into the reward function so that the learning agent can consider energy efficiency in the scheduling decision-making process. System performance is evaluated using three main metrics, namely energy consumption, throughput, and makespan. Results: The experimental results show that the reinforcement learning based scheduling approach achieves better performance compared to conventional scheduling methods, resulting in lower energy consumption, higher job completion rates, and shorter production completion times within the multi-machine manufacturing system.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work discipline and work motivation on employee performance at Bank Sulutgo Tondano. The research method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The population in this study consists of all 76 employees of Bank Sulutgo Tondano, and the sample was obtained using a saturated sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that partially, work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and work motivation also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, work discipline and work motivation have a significant effect on employee performance, with a coefficient of determination of 44.4%, indicating that these two variables are able to explain the variation in employee performance. Meanwhile, 55.6% is influenced by other factors outside the scope of this study. Therefore, it can be concluded that improving work discipline and work motivation will have an impact on employee performance at Bank Sulutgo Tondano.  

In the current era of digital transformation, organizations are increasingly turning to Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the precision and agility of managerial decisions. This study investigates how AI adoption within management accounting systems influences decision-making efficiency and managerial performance. Using survey data collected from managers and accountants in medium-to-large firms across Central Java, the research applies Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the hypothesized relationships. The results reveal that AI adoption significantly improves decision-making efficiency, which in turn enhances managerial performance. Furthermore, leadership support strengthens the relationship between AI adoption and decision-making efficiency, indicating that human and organizational factors remain critical for realizing technological benefits. The findings contribute to management accounting literature by elucidating the mechanism through which AI technologies create managerial value specifically, by accelerating analytical processes and improving the quality of managerial judgments. Practically, the study suggests that firms should focus on leadership involvement, data governance, and employee training to ensure that AI systems complement, rather than replace, human judgment. Overall, this study highlights that successful AI adoption in management accounting is not merely a technical transition but a strategic and cultural evolution toward evidence-based decision-making.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a strategic performance evaluation tool in the era of digital transformation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach within the social constructivist paradigm, data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis in three organizations undergoing digitalization. Thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) identified four main themes in the application of the BSC: digital strategy alignment, digital readiness and data integration, a culture of learning and innovation, and adaptive leadership transformation. The findings indicate that the BSC functions not only as a performance measurement system but also as an adaptive, collaborative, and data-driven strategic management framework. The integration of digital technologies accelerates decision-making processes and strengthens reflective organizational culture. Theoretically, this study extends the classical BSC model of Kaplan and Norton (1996, 2001) toward a Digital Balanced Scorecard that emphasizes synergy among strategy, data, and organizational learning. Practically, the results highlight the importance of digital readiness, an innovation-oriented culture, and adaptive leadership as key foundations for successful BSC implementation in the era of digital disruption.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various doses of 6.25% Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and 0.1% polymer flocculant in reducing Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and assessing pH changes in coal stockpile wastewater at PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Paiton Unit 9. Stockpile wastewater typically contains high levels of suspended solids originating from water spray activities that carry fine coal particles. The coagulation–flocculation process was performed using the jar test method with PAC dosages of 35 ppm, 50 ppm, and 65 ppm, along with flocculant dosages of 6 ppm and 7 ppm. pH and TSS were analyzed before and after treatment to assess process effectiveness. The results indicate that a PAC dosage of 35 ppm combined with a 6 ppm flocculant achieved the highest TSS removal efficiency of 98.15%. Increasing PAC dosage resulted in reduced performance due to overdosing effects, leading to charge destabilization and impaired floc formation. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing coagulant dosage to improve stockpile wastewater quality for safe reuse in operational activities.

The instability of the climate is becoming increasingly prominent across Southeast Asia, creating uncertainty in agricultural systems that are highly dependent on seasonal weather patterns. Indonesia, where rice remains the primary staple food, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of rising temperatures and rainfall deficits. This study applies the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model to predict rice production while incorporating indicators of extreme climate anomalies. Using publicly available datasets, including FAOSTAT production statistics, NOAA rainfall and temperature anomalies, and climate indices from the World Bank, this model was developed following the Box-Jenkins procedure. Among the configurations tested, the SARIMA model (1,1,1)(0,1,1)₁₂ showed the strongest performance, reflected in a MAPE of 4.62% and low RMSE values. The model indicates that significant El Niño events can reduce annual rice production by 3–7%, while wetter La Niña conditions may support production recovery. These findings highlight the importance of integrating climate-sensitive data into agricultural forecasting. The model presented here could support early warning systems, adaptive farming strategies, and long-term food security planning in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine and analyze service waiting times, identify the root causes of long queues, and develop a strategy to improve service performance at the 5361137-gas station (SPBU) at the Surabaya-Gresik Toll Rest Area. The research method used is a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design. This study combines quantitative analysis using Queuing Theory to measure system performance (arrival rates and service times) and descriptive qualitative analysis using a Fishbone Diagram. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, and g-form techniques. The results indicate that the current queuing system performance is in a critical or severe condition, indicated by a server utilization rate of 0.94 to 1.02 during peak hours. The average time spent by vehicles in the system is 14.3 minutes, of which 9.6 minutes (67%) is spent waiting in the queue. Fishbone diagram analysis revealed that the root cause of the main problem lies in the complex interaction of factors: Machine factors (EDC signal failure and pump repair downtime), Human and Method factors (implementation of static shifts and reactive maintenance), and Environmental factors (narrow layouts that hinder large vehicle maneuvers). As a solution, this study formulated a hybrid improvement strategy that includes short-term business process engineering (the use of Floating Staff and lane segregation) and long-term investment in additional pumps to change the queuing model from Single Channel to Dual Channel. This strategy is expected to reduce the utility level to a safe zone below 0.80 with a target waiting time of 3–5 minutes.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on how professional ethics can serve as an effective strategy to prevent fund misuse within organizational financial management. Professional ethics is viewed as a set of moral values, behavioral norms, and professional standards that guide financial managers to perform their duties with honesty, responsibility, and without conflicts of interest. In the context of financial management, these duties include recording, budgeting, monitoring, and reporting financial activities, all of which require accuracy and transparency. The study highlights five main principles of professional ethics: integrity, objectivity, professional competence, confidentiality, and professional behavior. These principles clarify rules, strengthen accountability, and ensure that financial processes comply with established standards. The literature review shows that applying professional ethics not only encourages individuals to act correctly but also enhances responsibility, improves performance, and strengthens financial oversight. Integrity and objectivity play a crucial role in preventing report manipulation, budget inflation, and fund misuse, as these principles demand moral courage and fair decision-making. Professional competence ensures that every financial process is carried out accurately and in accordance with regulations, while confidentiality protects sensitive information from misuse. Professional behavior emphasizes adherence to laws, organizational policies, and professional standards. The article also identifies several supporting factors that enable the effective implementation of professional ethics, such as strong internal policies, leadership commitment to integrity, an ethical workplace culture, layered supervision systems, and continuous ethics training. Conversely, common challenges include weak internal controls, limited understanding of ethics, organizational pressure, conflicts of interest, and inconsistent application of ethical standards. Therefore, this article underscores that integrating professional ethics into organizational financial policies, procedures, and management systems is a key step in preventing fund misuse and strengthening stakeholder trust in the organization’s transparency and accountability.

The problem with a 4-stroke gasoline engine-driven electric generator is a decrease in tool performance due to wear on important components for the stator, cooling fan, air filter, oil filter, and gasket. The purpose of component replacement planning is to obtain replacement costs, maintenance schedules in 2027, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The component replacement planning method includes collecting maintenance data from previous years, applying the inspection-replace-repair-overhaul (IRRO) method, assessing component conditions, predicting component lifespan, predicting labor costs, predicting supporting equipment to be used in maintenance, predicting spare part replacement times, predicting maintenance costs in 2027, and calculating the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The results of the replacement planning obtained maintenance costs in 2027 amounting to IDR 570,007,- with an estimated electric generator rental rate of IDR 30,000,-/hour which has the potential to be rented for 128 hours/year, a profit of IDR 3,840,000,- was obtained, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits was 14.84% which implies that a 2.5 kW electric generator that uses gasoline-pertalite fuel of around 1.5 liters/hour at maximum power is still suitable for use in the next few years and has the potential to generate profits.

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between students’ learning motivation and their perception of mathematics with mathematics achievement among tenth-grade students at SMA Al Islam 1 Surakarta. Mathematics was chosen as the focus because it is often considered a subject that presents significant challenges for students, both in terms of conceptual understanding and in shaping positive attitudes toward learning. The study employed a correlational quantitative method, with the population consisting of all tenth-grade students and the sample limited to class X-9, comprising 36 students. The instruments used were a motivation questionnaire, a perception questionnaire, and mathematics learning outcomes obtained from mid-semester test scores. Data analysis included normality testing and Pearson correlation to identify the relationship among variables. The results indicated that learning motivation did not have a significant correlation with mathematics achievement. In contrast, students’ perception of mathematics showed a significant correlation with their academic performance. These findings suggest that students’ positive perceptions of mathematics can play a crucial role in supporting better academic achievement, while motivation alone may not guarantee higher performance. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing mathematics learning outcomes and provides a foundation for further research to develop more comprehensive tools for measuring motivation. Future studies are also encouraged to consider additional variables such as teaching strategies, parental involvement, and the overall learning environment in order to present a broader analysis of student success.

This study aims to identify how e-government and competence affect employee performance at the Jambi City Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency. This study is based on the fact that government agencies need to utilize information technology and improve their human resource capabilities to improve their work efficiency. The method used in this study is quantitative with multiple linear regression analysis techniques used. After the questionnaire was distributed to 54 members of the Jambi City BPPRD, the data were processed using the SPSS version 25 program. The results of the study indicate that e-government partially has a positive and significant influence on employee performance, and competence also partially has a positive and significant influence on employee performance at the Jambi City Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency, and simultaneously, e-government and competence together provide a positive and significant influence on employee performance at the Jambi City Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency.

The increasing intensity of business competition requires companies to maintain strong financial conditions to avoid financial distress that may disrupt business continuity. This study aims to assess the financial stability and predict the potential bankruptcy of PT Sido Muncul Tbk for the 2022–2024 period using the Altman Z-Score model. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied, utilizing secondary data obtained from annual reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the company’s official website. Five key ratios in the Altman model were used as indicators to evaluate the company’s financial position and resilience. The results show Z-Score values of 4.74 in 2022, decreasing slightly to 4.66 in 2023, and rising again to 4.79 in 2024. These scores are significantly above the safe threshold of 2.675, indicating that the company is in a healthy financial state with a very low risk of bankruptcy. Overall, PT Sido Muncul Tbk demonstrates stable financial performance, supported by a strong capital structure and consistent operational results. The Altman Z-Score model also proves to be an effective early-warning tool for identifying potential financial problems.

The plastic recycling industry generates wastewater that poses a potential threat to aquatic environments if not managed optimally. Performance evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) is typically conducted partially by comparing outlet parameters against effluent standards, often failing to depict water quality conditions holistically. Therefore, this study employs the Water Quality Index (WQI) approach using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) method to evaluate the performance of PT X's WWTP in East Java. This research utilized secondary data from inlet and outlet wastewater quality tests over 23 months (January 2024–November 2025), covering 10 parameters. Analysis was conducted by calculating removal efficiency and determining factors F1 (scope), F2 (frequency), and F3 (amplitude) as the basis for the WQI-CCME calculation. The results indicate that the WWTP achieved high efficiency (>80%) in reducing dominant parameters such as TSS, TDS, BOD, and COD. However, violations of effluent standards were still observed in certain parameters. The obtained WQI-CCME value was 69,30, categorized as "Fair" with a moderate level of violation. These findings demonstrate that although the WWTP meets regulatory standards, the WQI-CCME approach provides a more comprehensive assessment of performance. Optimization of advanced treatment units is recommended to improve effluent quality and sustainable WWTP performance.                                                                   

This study aims to examine the effect of green innovation on company value, with financial performance as a mediating variable, in the mining industry. This study uses a systematic literature review approach by examining various relevant previous studies. The results of the study indicate that green innovation plays a significant role in improving environmental performance and operational efficiency of companies, which in turn positively impacts financial performance. Good financial performance is a key factor in strengthening company value and stakeholder trust. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies. This study also found that companies that successfully implement green innovation tend to have a better image in the eyes of investors and the public, which contributes to increasing the company's market value. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies, strengthening their position in an industry that increasingly prioritizes sustainability and social responsibility.

Growing life expectancy continues to shift global demographic patterns and significantly increase the proportion of older adults, thereby creating an urgent need for innovative programs that promote wellbeing, maintain functional capacity, and encourage meaningful social participation. This community service initiative aimed to strengthen both motor and cognitive function among older adults through structured and interactive board game activities designed to stimulate thinking, coordination, and social interaction. The program employed a mixed descriptive approach, utilizing interviews, direct observation, and brief assessments conducted before and after the intervention period. Cognitive status was measured using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), while muscle strength was assessed through Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to capture changes in physical performance. Quantitative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, qualitative findings demonstrated meaningful positive changes, including increased motivation, more active participation, improved emotional responsiveness, enhanced social interaction, and greater awareness of brain–body coordination among participants. These findings indicate that although short-term measurable changes were limited, board game–based activities can provide valuable psychosocial benefits. When implemented repeatedly and consistently as part of routine programs, such activities may contribute to maintaining cognitive engagement, supporting emotional wellbeing, and fostering a more active and participatory lifestyle among older adults.