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Carbon emissions in Indonesia continue to increase in line with the growing energy consumption needed to meet public demands. Energy sector companies, which contribute significantly to carbon emissions, are expected to take responsibility for their operational activities. One form of accountability is through carbon emission disclosure as a means of transparency to stakeholders. This study aims to examine the impact of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and foreign ownership on carbon emission disclosure. The research objects are energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021–2023 period. The study utilizes secondary data derived from annual reports, with a sample of 35 companies and 95 observations in total. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the t-test. The results indicate that institutional ownership and foreign ownership have a positive effect on carbon emission disclosure, while managerial ownership has a negative effect on carbon emission disclosure.

Legal protection of personal health data amidst the rapid digitalization of health services, such as telemedicine, electronic medical records, and online consultation applications is very important. Sensitive health data requires careful management, but in fact, many digital service providers in Indonesia have not implemented adequate security standards. The case of the BPJS Kesehatan participant data leak is a real example of the weakness of the data protection system, coupled with the practice of data misuse by digital platforms without valid consent. The method used is qualitative with a normative legal approach, through a literature study of primary and secondary regulations such as Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (UU PDP), the ITE Law, and related Government Regulations and Permenkes. The results of the study show that although regulations are comprehensively available, implementation in the field still faces serious challenges such as the lack of appointment of Data Protection Officers (DPOs), weak supervision, and low awareness of data protection. Real threats such as cyber attacks, data leaks due to negligence, and misuse by third parties are the main issues. Electronic system providers have a great responsibility in building an information security system, preparing privacy policies, and implementing the principle of "privacy by design".  

This study explores the relationship between religiosity and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) within contemporary organizations by adopting a positive psychology perspective. OCB is defined as discretionary behaviors by employees that go beyond their formal job duties and contribute positively to the overall functioning and success of the organization. Examples include helping colleagues, being punctual, and demonstrating initiative, which foster a cooperative and productive work environment. Religiosity, on the other hand, is understood as a belief system that shapes an individual’s values, attitudes, and behaviors, both intrinsically—stemming from internal spiritual commitment—and extrinsically—motivated by external social or cultural influences. Through a systematic review of ten national and international academic journals, this study identifies several common dimensions of OCB, such as altruism (helping others selflessly), civic virtue (active and responsible participation in organizational affairs), and conscientiousness (going beyond minimal job requirements). The findings reveal a consistent positive correlation between religiosity and OCB, especially in sectors like education, Islamic banking, and healthcare, where religious principles strongly influence organizational culture. The integration of religious values into organizational practices encourages employees to exhibit behaviors that promote harmony, ethical conduct, and a sense of community within the workplace. This is particularly evident in employees who possess high levels of intrinsic religiosity, as their internalized beliefs motivate them to engage in prosocial actions that benefit the organization. The study recommends that human resource management strategies incorporate religious or spiritual values to cultivate a positive organizational culture. Such integration can be achieved through training programs, leadership development, and reward systems that emphasize ethical behavior and social responsibility, ultimately leading to improved employee satisfaction, loyalty, and overall organizational performance.

The correctional facility SAE L’SIMA in Malang is confronted with two major challenges: the environmental impact of accumulated cow manure and the need to provide meaningful vocational training for inmates to support rehabilitation and reintegration. This community service program was designed to address both issues simultaneously through the introduction and application of biogas technology. The primary objective was to manage livestock waste as an alternative renewable energy source while equipping inmates with practical technical skills applicable beyond the correctional setting. The implementation method employed a participatory approach that involved several stages, including program socialization, site survey, biogas unit design, assembly of a small-scale digester, and subsequent monitoring and evaluation.The results demonstrated that the biogas unit was successfully constructed and operational; however, gas production levels remained below optimal standards. Key challenges identified included unstable temperature conditions, which negatively affected the fermentation process, and technical problems such as leakage in the piping system. These obstacles limited the overall effectiveness of gas generation. Despite these limitations, the project provided significant outcomes. First, it created a working model of sustainable energy generation within the correctional environment. Second, it delivered valuable vocational training for inmates, offering them both theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in renewable energy technology. Furthermore, the program encouraged inmate participation, fostering teamwork, responsibility, and problem-solving skills that are essential for personal development.In conclusion, although technical barriers remain, this initiative succeeded in establishing the foundation for sustainable waste management and renewable energy application within a correctional facility. More importantly, it highlights the potential of biogas technology not only as an environmental solution but also as a rehabilitative vocational training tool. Continued monitoring, process optimization, and technical refinements are essential for achieving long-term success and scalability of this model in similar institutional contexts.

This article analyzes Saddam Hussein's individual responsibility as a subject of international law based on crimes committed during his rule in Iraq. Saddam Hussein was charged with various serious crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. This review covers relevant international legal instruments, Saddam Hussein's trial process, as well as criticism of the legitimacy and fairness of the trial. This research highlights the importance of applying the principle of individual responsibility in international law to uphold justice and prevent impunity for state leaders who commit serious violations. Apart from that, this article also discusses the challenges faced by the international justice system in dealing with cases involving heads of state, as well as the implications of court decisions for the development of international law and global human rights enforcement. In this way, this study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the evolution of international criminal responsibility, as well as its role in preventing similar atrocities in the future.

This study delves into the philosophical and theological core of the concept of ownership in Islamic economics, a paradigm fundamentally distinct from capitalism and socialism. We uncover the essence of ownership as a divine trust, categorized into individual, public, and state domains. Our findings demonstrate how each type of ownership is governed by clear boundaries and rights, tightly integrated with social responsibility to achieve universal well-being and distributive justice. This study also examines the dynamic harmonization between private and public ownership, achieved through vital instruments like zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and productive waqf, as well as the crucial role of government in providing public goods. Despite facing significant challenges such as the dominance of the global capitalist economy and low sharia literacy, we highlight digitalization as a strategic opportunity to boost the efficiency, transparency, and inclusion of sharia finance. This opportunity holds substantial potential to strengthen the harmonization of ownership within the broader Islamic economic ecosystem. In short, a deep understanding of this Islamic concept of ownership is key to formulating more just and balanced economic policies and community development in today's rapidly evolving modern era.

This study explores the role and relevance of Islamic political economy within the context of Indonesia's economic system, particularly in addressing wealth distribution inequality and the fulfillment of basic societal needs. The study employs a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods to examine the relationship between Islamic economic principles such as justice, balance, and social responsibility and national economic policies. The findings reveal a philosophical alignment between Islamic economic values and Indonesia’s foundational principles, especially Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. However, the implementation of these principles remains limited, often confined to microeconomic aspects like Islamic financial institutions. Islamic political parties play a significant role in advocating for sharia-compliant economic policies but face challenges in reconciling Islamic values with a pluralistic democratic system. The study highlights the need for broader public education, strong political commitment, and digital innovation to fully realize the potential of Islamic economics in building a just, inclusive, and sustainable national economy.

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the dynamic relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), political connections, and sustainability. CSR has evolved from philanthropy to an important business strategy, driven by consumer demands and government regulations. Political connections influence the implementation of CSR, either facilitating or hindering it, depending on a country's governance system. Sustainability, measured by ESG pillars, is essential for competitiveness and long-term performance. Using the PRISMA and VOSviewer methodologies, 87 documents from Scopus were analyzed, revealing a significant increase in publications since 2019, with China and Indonesia as the main contributors. These findings identify 23 topic clusters, highlighting government interventions, green innovation, and sustainability reporting in enhancing CSR performance and corporate sustainability. This research provides significant theoretical and practical contributions to the CSR literature.

The lack of integration of ethical principles into corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices remains a common issue, posing significant challenges in building public trust and ensuring business sustainability. This study aims to examine how the implementation of business ethics can enhance the effectiveness of CSR within corporate environments. The research employs a literature review method, analyzing various academic publications, regulatory frameworks, and corporate reports relevant to business ethics and CSR. The findings reveal that consistent application of ethical values can deepen the meaning and impact of CSR initiatives, improve corporate reputation, and strengthen relationships with stakeholders in a more meaningful and sustainable manner.Nevertheless, several challenges persist, particularly in the form of organizational cultural differences and the suboptimal internalization of ethical principles into corporate systems and work culture. Therefore, strategic efforts are required to ensure that business ethics are not merely treated as normative concepts, but are truly embraced as core values in CSR practices aimed at achieving social and environmental sustainability.

This research is motivated by the low attendance and involvement of church youth in spiritual activities, as well as the weak Christian character that should be the basis of their lives. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the service learning approach by IAKN Tarutung students on character development and increasing participation of Naposo Bulung youth at HKBP Maranatha Ressort Cinta Damai. This research is based on the theory of service learning (Eyler & Giles, 1999), experiential learning (Kolb, 1984), and the concept of sense of belonging (Etzioni, 1991) which emphasizes the importance of emotional involvement and critical reflection in the learning and service process. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, which were conducted for three months. The results of the study showed that the service learning program had a significant influence in increasing the attendance of youth from an average of 14 to 25 people per week, as well as fostering positive characters such as responsibility, discipline, and social concern. Students not only act as implementers of activities, but also as spiritual mentors and spiritual friends, who form authentic and contextual relationships with teenagers. The implications of this study confirm that service learning is an effective approach in the formation of church teenagers because it combines aspects of direct service with spiritual and academic reflection. Therefore, it is recommended that this approach be integrated more systematically into the curriculum of higher theological education and used as a model of sustainable service in the church community.

This research is motivated by the social problems of junior high school children in Panggul Village, Trenggalek, whose parents work as female migrant workers. The children show symptoms of lack of socialization, low self-confidence, and minimal emotional support from their mothers. This study aims to analyze the social competence and social responsibility of these children. The approach used is qualitative with a case study method. Informants consisted of 11 people, namely TKW husbands, substitute families, community leaders, and junior high school children. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that junior high school children in Panggul Village who are left by their parents as TKW have the ability to interact with family, friends, and the community, but tend to have less understanding of the social conditions around them due to their indifference and lack of self-confidence. They are closed, have minimal empathy due to lack of role models from parents, and only show concern for peers. In terms of responsibility, these children have awareness of interacting with family, but still lack overall concern.  

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the responsibility center in improving the performance of the General Election Commission (KPU) of Magelang City. This study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis method using financial reports and performance reports of KPU Magelang City. The results show that the responsibility center can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of financial management of KPU Magelang City, thereby improving organizational performance. This study contributes to the development of a better financial management system and improves the performance of KPU Magelang City in holding democratic and transparent general elections.

TikTok's algorithm-based digital marketing strategy, especially through the #FYPMarketing approach, has become an effective method in building emotional connections and increasing Gen-Z consumer loyalty. Through the For You Page (FYP) feature, brands can spread content organically with a wide reach, as long as the content is emotionally relevant, authentic, and participatory. This study uses a qualitative method based on literature studies and analyzes the #ScarlettGlowUp campaign as a case study. The findings show that the success of marketing to Gen-Z is greatly influenced by the use of user-generated content, micro-influencer involvement, and storytelling that is consistent with the values ​​held by the audience. However, challenges such as algorithm manipulation, digital communication ethics, and data privacy issues are obstacles that require an approach based on transparency and social responsibility. This article concludes that the success of the #FYPMarketing strategy depends not only on technological and algorithmic capabilities, but also on trust, clarity of values, and alignment between the brand and its digital community.

This student service activity aims to increase awareness of the young people of the HKI Aek Raso Church regarding the cleanliness and health of the church environment through a participatory approach. The main problem raised was the young generation's low awareness of the importance of keeping places of worship clean. Students from the Christian Education Management and Christian Religious Education Study Program at IAKN Tarutung actively involve youth in mutual cooperation activities, reflective discussions, and the preparation of routine cleaning schedules. This approach does not only focus on physical actions, but also character and theological education which emphasizes that cleanliness is part of the testimony of faith. The results of the service show an increase in youth initiative and responsibility in protecting the church environment. Apart from creating positive behavioral changes, this activity also strengthens social relations between congregations. It can be concluded that participatory based service is effective in forming a culture of sustainable hygiene care and strengthening the spirituality of the church community

This study examines the portrayal of existentialist principles and characterization in Final Destination 5 (2011), directed by Steven Quale. The research aims to identify the methods of characterization used for the five main characters and explore how Sartrean existentialism is reflected in their struggles. Using a qualitative approach, the study applies Kenney’s method of characterization and Sartre’s existentialist framework to analyze key scenes, dialogues, and character interactions. Data was collected through repeated viewings of the film, with critical moments transcribed and categorized based on characterization methods and existential principles. The findings reveal that Final Destination 5 employs a mixed method, with the dramatic method being the most dominant, supplemented by character on other characters and contextual methods to develop psychologically complex main characters. Existentialist principles emerge strongly, particularly the idea that "existence precedes essence," as characters are stripped of predefined roles and forced to define themselves through desperate actions. The burden of freedom and responsibility is evident in moral dilemmas, while the confrontation between anguish and authenticity shapes their responses to impending death. Sam’s journey from fear to acceptance exemplifies Sartrean authenticity, whereas Nathan’s ethical crisis highlights the paradox of human freedom.  

This article explores the Qur'anic perspective on contemporary ecological issues, particularly in the context of the environmental crisis in Banten Province, Indonesia. Using a thematic and tafsir ilmi (interpretation) approach, this qualitative literature-based study analyzes Qur'anic verses related to nature and resources, such as QS. Al-A'raf: 56, QS. Al-Baqarah: 60, QS. An-Nahl: 10–11, and QS. Al-Anbiya: 30. This article integrates the values ​​of revelation with modern ecological thought to understand ecological responsibility in Islam and its relevance to local environmental challenges, including the clean water crisis caused by deforestation and pollution. This study also highlights local initiatives such as the Banten Bebersih movement as an example of the implementation of Qur'anic values ​​in environmental conservation efforts. The research findings show that the Qur'an not only prohibits environmental degradation and emphasizes the importance of balance (mizan), but also provides theological and ethical foundations for sustainable natural resource management and equitable distribution. This article concludes that the integration of Islamic studies and environmental science offers a comprehensive and relevant ecological paradigm to address environmental challenges in the modern era.

This study aims to examine efforts to revitalize social moral values in the Islamic Education curriculum at the elementary school level (MI/SD). The background of this study is driven by the urgency to integrate social values into the learning process, so that they are not merely part of the curriculum document but can also be actualized in daily educational practices. The approach used is a literature review, examining various references related to the development and implementation of moral values in the context of basic education. The results of the study indicate that the revitalization of social moral values has the potential to revive the spirit of solidarity, concern for others, and social responsibility among students. The implications of this research point to the importance of designing a more contextual and inspiring curriculum, so that students not only understand moral concepts theoretically but also internalize them in their social lives. Thus, a harmonious and supportive school environment can be effectively established.

This research aims to analyze the legal responsibility of business actors in the circulation of illegal cosmetics and legal protection for consumers based on applicable laws and regulations. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach, the nature of the research used is prescriptive and uses legal material collection techniques with literature studies. The results showed that 1) business actors who distribute illegal cosmetic products are legally responsible both civil, criminal and administrative. 2) Legal protection for consumers still faces serious challenges due to weak supervision and low legal awareness. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen law enforcement and increase consumer education to prevent losses due to the use of illegal cosmetic products.

The development of the era has influenced children's play patterns, who are now more familiar with digital games than traditional games. In fact, traditional games have educational and cultural values ​​that are important for the development of children's gross motor skills and psychomotor skills. This study uses a literature study method by analyzing 15 relevant articles to examine the contribution of traditional games to early childhood development. The results of the study show that traditional games such as catapults, jump rope, and gobak sodor can improve children's coordination, balance, and social skills through interaction and cooperation. This game not only strengthens large muscles, but also shapes children's character holistically, including empathy, responsibility, and decision making. Therefore, it is important for parents and educators to preserve and integrate traditional games in learning activities as a means of stimulating children's overall development.  

The aim is to assess the effectiveness of traditional hide and seek games in early childhood and elementary school. This study utilizes literature research methods. Play is essential for children, as every child desires to play continuously because it helps them relax and alleviate stress. There are numerous games played outside the home that can enhance children's social and emotional development, such as traditional games like hide and seek. Character values embedded in the traditional game of hide and seek include: a) Religious. Religious values are evident when children pray together before playing. b) Sport sman ship and Honesty. Sport sman shipis demons trate dwhen player sad heret oth eagreed - uponrules and exhibit honesty while being guards. c) Love for the Motherland. Preserving Indonesian culture showcases children's love for the Republic of Indonesia. d) Being friendly/communicative. Communication during a game is crucial to avoid misunderstandings among players. e) Accuracy. Players need to be accurate in finding hiding spots that are challenging for the guards to discover and in determining the rightmomenttotouchthebase.f)Independence and diligencein the game ofhideand seek. g)Democratic. Democratic values are evident when players show respect and consideration for each other despite their differences. h) Responsibility. The value of responsibility is demonstrated by players searching for hiding spots and guards being prepared to find their friends and protect the base. i) Compliance. The value of compliance is observed when all players agree to certain rules before commencing the game