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Indonesia's rapid population growth, particularly among adolescents, has raised concerns regarding its social and reproductive health implications, including rising rates of unintended pregnancies, premarital sexual activity, and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In response to these issues, the government issued Government Regulation (GR) No. 28 of 2024 as a derivative of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health. One of its provisions regulates the provision of contraceptives for school-aged children and adolescents. This study aims to examine the implications of this provision in relation to religious values, social morality, and the direction of national health policy. The research employs a normative qualitative approach using juridical-philosophical analysis, along with an assessment of public responses, religious leaders’ perspectives, and the views of state institutions regarding the regulation. The findings indicate that Article 103 paragraph (4) letter e has sparked controversy due to the use of the term "provision," which is perceived as ambiguous and contradictory to religious norms particularly Islamic teachings and is viewed as potentially legitimizing premarital sexual behavior among students. These findings highlight the necessity for the government to reassess regulations that conflict with religious and local cultural values. Furthermore, the study advocates for strengthening preventive reproductive health education grounded in religious and moral principles, rather than directly providing contraceptives within school settings.

Background: Diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five in Indonesia. Household environmental conditions, such as water quality, latrine sanitation, waste management, and environmental cleanliness, are important risk factors influencing the incidence of diarrhea. Darussalam Health Center is one of the working areas with a relatively high number of diarrhea cases among children under five. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental factors and the incidence of diarrhea among children under five in the working area of Darussalam Health Center. Methods: This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 120 children under five were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and observation of household environmental conditions. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The incidence of diarrhea among children under five was 32.5%. Environmental factors significantly associated with diarrhea were water quality (p = 0.001; OR = 3.98; 95% CI = 1.82–8.71), latrine sanitation (p = 0.004; OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.45–7.09), and waste management (p = 0.012; OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.22–5.28). Lighting and home ventilation factors were not significantly related. Conclusion: Environmental factors, particularly water quality, sanitation, and waste management, are strongly associated with the incidence of diarrhea among children under five in the working area of Darussalam Health Center.

The Community Service Program (KKN) is the answer for students to face these challenges. Elementary school students' awareness of saving is still relatively low. Many students prefer to spend their pocket money on momentary desires rather than saving it. This condition indicates that financial literacy in children is still limited. The main objective of this socialization activity is carried out with an approach that is appropriate to the age of elementary school children, for example, such as games, simulations, or simple counseling. By using such methods, students not only understand the concept of saving, but also have a desire to do it. In addition, this socialization activity instills an attitude of independence and discipline. The socialization program was held as an effort to provide insight and instill awareness to students of Elementary School 014662, Gunung Melayu Plantation Village, Rahuning District, Asahan Regency, and was attended by students in grades 4, 5, and 6 regarding the benefits of saving. To facilitate student understanding, the team demonstrated the practice of saving by using piggy banks and money as concrete examples. After students received material on the importance of saving, the activity continued with a quiz session to increase enthusiasm and test their understanding of the newly presented material. The socialization of the love of saving program, carried out through the Community Service Program (KKN), has proven to be effective in fostering understanding and awareness among elementary school students about the importance of saving from an early age.

This community service activity was carried out to support and strengthen the role of Sunday school teachers in fostering the social and emotional development of preschool children. Early social experiences generally begin in the family, but schools and religious education institutions also play a significant role in shaping children’s abilities to interact, share, and communicate effectively. The program was implemented at PAUD Arastamar Kids Pekanbaru through participatory activities that involved teachers and children. The approach emphasized interactive methods such as giving praise, teaching simple religious values, playing games, and organizing creative learning activities. Examples included origami-making, group singing, storytelling, and encouraging children to share crayons or toys with their peers. These activities not only created a fun and engaging learning atmosphere but also helped children develop empathy, cooperation, and independence. Teachers were guided to consistently integrate these activities into their routines to maximize the positive outcomes. The results of this service showed that Sunday school teachers could effectively encourage positive social-emotional growth by combining religious teachings with play-based and interactive learning. In conclusion, the program provided valuable contributions to strengthening the capacity of teachers while creating a supportive environment for children to interact positively and independently with others.

Maternal and child mortality remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, with Brebes Regency identified as one of the regions with a relatively high burden. This study aims to provide a narrative review of strategies implemented to reduce maternal and child mortality in Brebes, while highlighting their relevance within the broader Indonesian health policy framework. Literature from peer-reviewed journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, published between 2019 and 2024, was reviewed. The findings indicate that strategic planning at the district level emphasizes strengthening the role of midwives, improving access to primary health services, and integrating local programs with national policies. Behavioral nutrition interventions, such as the Baduta Program, and community-based innovations, such as “Buaian Services,” have shown potential in improving maternal and child health outcomes. However, challenges persist in the form of limited resources, disparities in service quality, and cultural barriers to health-seeking behavior. This review underscores the importance of combining top-down policy approaches with bottom-up community-driven initiatives. Future research is recommended to adopt mixed-method designs for a more comprehensive evaluation of program effectiveness.

The Community Service Program that has been carried out is an English language training program for elementary school students of YPK Werba, West Fakfak District, Fakfak Regency. This training program aims to help elementary school students master basic English well. This program also aims to foster students' interest in learning English. And with this effort, it is hoped that students will be able to improve their ability to master basic English, especially in increasing vocabulary. This activity provides training on English vocabulary lessons such as Animals, Body Parts, Fruits, Things in the Classroom, and Short Expressions (greetings and introductions). The training that was carried out was successful. This is evidenced by the enthusiasm of elementary school students to participate in the activity. The results of the questionnaire showed that they really liked this activity and made it easier for them to develop their vocabulary in English (90%). It is hoped that this activity can have a positive impact in the form of increasing the English language skills of the children participating in the training, so that they can later utilize the knowledge and skills in their lives both now and for their future

Bullying is an act of intentionally hurting an individual or group verbally, physically, psychologically, or socially, with serious impacts on victims. According to data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) in 2024, cases of physical and psychological abuse against children increased from 7.8% in 2023 to 11.7% in 2024. In response to this, the community service team from UNSULBAR conducted an anti-bullying awareness program at SMPN 6 Wonomulyo. This activity aimed to improve students’ understanding, attitudes, and behavior in preventing and responding to bullying. The program consisted of three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The awareness campaign was delivered through interactive education, short educational films, group discussions, and quizzes with prizes to encourage active participation. The material covered types of bullying (verbal, physical, relational, and cyber), the roles involved in bullying incidents, and practical ways to handle them. A total of 73 students participated in the activity, which was positively received by students and school staff. Evaluation was conducted via Q&A sessions and direct feedback from students and teachers. The results showed increased student awareness and a collective commitment to fostering a safe and inclusive school environment.

This study reports on an Independent Community Service Program (KKN Mandiri) conducted in Dusun Betu Raja 3, aimed at strengthening Islamic awareness through community-based educational activities. The program focused on two main initiatives: parenting dialogues with mothers, emphasizing child-rearing practices in line with Islamic values, and interactive sessions with children that introduced moral lessons from the stories of the prophets. Using participatory methods such as discussions, interactive lectures, and storytelling, the activities encouraged active engagement and created a supportive learning environment. Findings indicate that mothers gained a deeper understanding of the significance of Islamic parenting in shaping children’s moral character, while children demonstrated enthusiasm in listening to and applying the values embedded in prophetic stories. The program highlights the effectiveness of dialogical and narrative-based approaches in promoting religious awareness within rural communities. Overall, this initiative contributes not only to the development of individual family practices but also to the collective strengthening of Islamic identity in village life.

The Student Organization Capacity Building Program (PPKO) of the PTI FKIP UMS is a community service initiative that aims to increase the added value of tempeh products in Sentono Village, Karangdowo District, Klaten Regency, with a focus on product innovation, particularly tempeh nuggets. Sentono Village has long been known as one of the largest tempeh production centers in Klaten, with more than 26 active tempeh producers. However, these producers face significant challenges in the form of conventional marketing and a lack of diversification in tempeh products, which has resulted in the village's economic potential not being fully realized. This activity was designed to address these issues by actively involving the community, including intensive training in tempe nugget production, hands-on practice under the guidance of facilitators, and interactive question and answer sessions to solve practical problems. To measure the effectiveness of the program, an evaluation was conducted using pre-tests and post-tests to quantitatively measure the increase in participants' knowledge and skills. The results of this evaluation show a significant increase in participants' knowledge and skills, proving that product innovation can be a strategic solution to improve the competitiveness of MSMEs in the modern era.

This study was conducted at TK Negeri Lebiti, Togean District, Tojo Una-una Regency, Central Sulawesi, with the aim of determining the effect of the demonstration method on the social interaction skills of early childhood students. The background of this research is based on the importance of developing children’s social abilities from an early age through learning activities that involve direct participation and interaction. The main problem examined in this study is whether the demonstration method significantly influences the improvement of children’s social interaction skills. This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of two classes of children aged 4–6 years, comprising 12 children in the experimental class and 20 children in the control class, making a total of 32 participants. The experimental class was taught using the demonstration method, while the control class used conventional learning methods. Data were collected through observation and assessment of children’s social behaviors during learning activities. The collected data were analyzed using statistical techniques to test the research hypothesis. The findings are expected to provide empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving children’s social interaction skills within the context of early childhood education.

Abstract. This research aims to determine the implementation of a Child Friendly District (KLA) in Magetan Regency. The implementation of the role of the Magetan Regency Government is to implement and carry out policies in implementing and developing a Child-Friendly Magetan Regency and knowing what factors are obstacles and drivers of the regional government's role in implementing a Child-Friendly Regency in Magetan Regency. This research was conducted using empirical or non-doctrinal law using primary data in the form of interviews with regional officials of Magetan Regency as well as the results of field observations conducted in Magetan Regency. Secondary data used in this research are legal materials in the form of articles, journals and other legal literature related to the research being discussed. The role of regional government in implementing KLA is an implementation of obligations that have been regulated in Government Regulation Number 12 of 2022 concerning the Implementation of Child Friendly Districts/Cities, and in its implementation the role of regional government is regulated directly in the policies governing Magetan Regency, this is specifically regulated in Magetan Regency Regional Regulation Number 1 of 20222 concerning the Implementation of a Child Friendly Regency.

The early childhood period, commonly referred to as the Golden Age, is considered the most critical stage of development, during which rapid advancement in various domains, including language ability, is observed. This study examined how parental communication patterns influence the language development of children in Gla Meunasah Baro Village. Krueng Barona Jaya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District. An analytic quantitative method was applied, using a cross-sectional design. The study involved a total of 115 parents, and the researcher selected 89 respondents as the sample using purposive sampling. The researcher collected data through questionnaires measured on an ordinal scale and then analyzed the information using univariate and bivariate techniques, including the Chi-Square test. The analysis showed that most respondents, consisting of 85 parents (95.5%), applied good communication patterns, while 3 respondents (3.4%) were classified as moderate, and 1 respondent (1.15%) as poor. In addition, 84 children (94.4%) were identified as not being at risk of language delay, while 5 children (5.6%) were considered potentially at risk. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between parental communication patterns and early childhood language development, as indicated by a ρ value of 0.015 (< α = 0.05). It is suggested that communication with children be carried out in an open, attentive, and reciprocal manner so that their language development can be maximally supported and the risk of delays minimized.

Community empowerment is an important pillar in social development in Indonesia. This article discusses the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Program by students of the Christian Leadership Study Program, Faculty of Theology, Tarutung State Christian Institute in Hutaraja Simanungkalit Village, Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli Regency. This activity focuses on spiritual and social development, through a literacy mentoring program for children and support for the elderly. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with a collaborative participatory method, which allows active interaction between students and the community. Data collection was carried out through observation, informal interviews, and documentation of activities. The evaluation results showed that the program succeeded in improving children's basic literacy skills and providing emotional support for the elderly, as well as strengthening social relationships in the community. Through this experience, students developed social skills and empathy, while the community felt the positive impact of student involvement. This article emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the academic world and local communities in realizing effective and sustainable empowerment.

The free lunch program at SD Negeri 101 Central Maluku has drawn significant attention, particularly from parents who are the primary stakeholders of this initiative. Based on in-depth interviews with 20 parents from various economic and social backgrounds, it was found that the majority of respondents responded positively to the implementation of the program. They considered it highly beneficial in reducing daily household expenses, especially for their children's meals during school hours. Approximately 85% of parents stated that since the launch of the free lunch program, they no longer needed to provide their children with pocket money or meals from home. This not only reduces daily expenses but also provides peace of mind, knowing that their children are receiving adequate nutrition at school. These findings align with Fitriyani (2022), who stated that school meal programs directly contribute to family economic savings. On the other hand, a small portion of respondents (around 15%) expressed concerns about the quality and hygiene of the food provided. They emphasized the importance of supervision in the preparation and distribution process, ensuring that the program meets not only quantity standards but also nutritional quality and cleanliness. This concern is crucial as it directly relates to students' health. Overall, this study indicates that parents’ perceptions of the free lunch program at SD Negeri 101 Central Maluku are generally positive, with critical notes on food quality, parental involvement, and funding sustainability. These findings offer strong recommendations for policymakers to strengthen this program as part of efforts to improve the quality of basic education in the region.

This quasi-experimental study aims to find out if playing traditional games like asingasing and dende can help young children in group B at TK Kemala Bhayangkari 06 Tallo improve their gross motor skills. We are testing the traditional games to see if they make a difference, and the main thing being studied is how well the children develop their gross motor skills. The study included all the children in group B, which had a total of 38 students. The sample was divided into two groups: group B1, which played the dende game and had 20 children, and group B2, which played the asingasing game and had 18 children. The researchers collected data using a checklist to observe the children. They also analyzed the data using descriptive and inferential methods. Result showed that playing traditional games like asingasing and dende helped children's gross motor development. The assessment showed that children who played the traditional games had average scores in the developing category, which was expected, and children who played the dende game even reached the very well-developed category.

Children's needs Every individual has basic needs. And every child has special needs. Therefore, parents should understand what the basic needs of a child are. The basic needs of a child include 3 basic needs that are usually described, namely the needs of children in ASAH, ASIH, NURTURING. Needs are everything that man needs to sustain life and to obtain well-being and comfort. Abraham H. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs takes the form of a pyramid: self-actualization, the need for appreciation, the need for belonging and love, the need for security (salvation), and physiological needs. This scientific paper uses the method of literature review and descriptive writing using primary and secondary sources. The results of this study show that the needs of a child must be considered by parents to achieve appropriate development for children based also on the Qur'an and health science.

Physiotherapy plays an important role in promotive and preventive efforts through education for the community, including children’s health posts (posyandu). Children aged 1–5 years often experience eating difficulties that reduce appetite, increasing the risk of malnutrition and growth retardation. Low appetite is often related to oral-motor function disorders, such as difficulty chewing or swallowing. This activity aimed to increase mothers’ knowledge about oral-motor-sensory stimulation as an effort to improve children’s appetite. The community service program was conducted at Posyandu RW 02, Kota Lama Subdistrict, Malang City, involving 15 mothers or caregivers of toddlers. The method included physiotherapy counseling using interactive discussions and poster media, with knowledge evaluation through pre-test and post-test. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge, from 0% in the pre-test to 85% in the post-test. This counseling effectively enhanced mothers’ understanding and practical skills in performing oral-motor-sensory stimulation independently at home. With regular implementation, this stimulation is expected to increase children’s appetite, improve nutritional status, and support optimal growth and development. Moreover, it reinforces the role of physiotherapy in preventing nutritional problems and improving the quality of life of children from an early age.

This community outreach activity was conducted at the Wahyu TPQ/RA Foundation, focusing on the implementation of religious character education through daily habituation activities for early childhood. The main issue behind this activity is the importance of instilling religious values ​​from an early age to shape a generation with noble morals and Islamic character. The method used was a qualitative method with a participatory approach, through observation, interviews, and documentation during religious habituation activities such as prayers before and after studying, reading short surahs, practicing congregational prayers, and Friday Infaq activities. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in children's involvement in religious activities and their consistency in carrying out positive habits. Children became more accustomed to prayer, their manners improved, and an awareness of sharing emerged through infaq activities. These findings are in line with the theory of habituation (habit formation), which emphasizes repetition as a strategy for forming character. This activity contributes to the development of science in the field of early childhood education, particularly in the aspect of religious character education, and can be a model of good practice that can be replicated by similar educational institutions.

Teachers’ religious understanding plays a vital role in shaping early childhood religious attitudes through systematic, consistent, and contextual guidance. This study aims to analyze the implementation of teachers’ religious understanding in fostering children’s religious attitudes at Yayasan Taman Pendidikan TPQ/RA Wahyu Medan. The research applied a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, using in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation to explore teachers’ experiences in religious nurturing practices. The findings revealed that teachers have successfully integrated religious values into learning activities, such as collective prayers, memorization of short Qur’anic surahs, greeting habits, and prayer exercises. However, challenges remain, including limited use of interactive learning media and low parental involvement in supporting religious habituation at home. These findings imply that teachers’ religious understanding should be enhanced through continuous training and strengthened collaboration with parents to optimize the fostering of children’s religious attitudes. This study contributes to the development of early childhood education, particularly in strengthening character education based on religious values.

The Professional Work Experience (PKP) program at RA Mawaddah Warahmah Medan was conducted to enhance students’ understanding of teachers’ strategies in fostering young children’s learning motivation. The objectives were to identify baseline learning motivation, design teacher strategies based on children’s needs, and evaluate their impact on classroom engagement. The methods applied included classroom observation, interviews with mentor teachers, documentation, and participatory assistance through a classroom action approach. The strategies implemented consisted of affirmative communication, the use of concrete media, play-based learning, positive reinforcement, and effective transition management. Findings revealed a significant increase in children’s attention, active participation, and positive expression. Average motivation scores improved by 38% from pre- to post-intervention. Children became more focused, enthusiastic, and actively involved in core learning activities. Teachers also benefited from more conducive classroom environments and new creative teaching ideas. These results emphasize the crucial role of teachers as key drivers of learning motivation and demonstrate that simple yet targeted strategies can generate meaningful impacts. The PKP program is expected to contribute to the advancement of educational knowledge, particularly in implementing innovative, contextual, and child-centered learning approaches in early childhood education.