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The research titled "Analysis of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Use of the Parish Budget of the Holy Spirit Nelle" aims to analyze the level of effectiveness and efficiency in the use of the budget at the Holy Spirit Nelle Parish during a specific reporting period. The analysis is conducted by comparing the activity targets and budget with the actual realization. The results show that the average effectiveness of activities is only 45.95%, indicating that most activities have not been optimally achieved. Meanwhile, the efficiency of budget utilization is recorded at 29.48%, which shows a low level of spending compared to the allocated funds. These findings indicate a gap between the planning and implementation of parish programs. Some programs have not been realized at all despite having a budget allocated. Therefore, improvements are needed in program planning, adjustments in budget allocations according to implementation capacity, as well as strengthening the monitoring and evaluation system to enhance accountability and financial performance of the parish moving forward.

Creativity and innovation are essential aspects in developing entrepreneurial skills among students, especially in the field of handicrafts that focus on creating high-value products. This community service program aims to enhance the creativity and skills of fourth-semester Business Administration students through training in making simple flower vases decorated with pearl and diamond mat ornaments using wax glue. The method applied is project-based learning combined with a participatory approach, actively involving students in every stage from planning, implementation, to product evaluation. The training results show significant improvements in knowledge about flower vases and product innovation (54.5%), ornament attachment techniques (74.0%), design creativity (63.5%), and product aesthetics (38.3%). Intensive mentoring during practice encouraged students to develop creative designs that are not only visually appealing but also have high market value. This program not only improves students’ technical skills and creativity but also fosters the entrepreneurial spirit necessary to face increasingly competitive market challenges. Visual documentation serves as an important medium for evaluation and promotion of innovative student products. In conclusion, this training effectively develops students’ creative and innovative potential while opening sustainable and environmentally friendly business opportunities based on handicrafts.

Stingless bee (Trigona sp.) cultivation presents significant potential for livestock diversification, improved food security, and rural economic development. Although this practice offers clear advantages, including low maintenance requirements, minimal environmental risk, and the high nutritional and commercial value of its honey, its adoption in Lempake Subdistrict, North Samarinda, East Kalimantan, remains limited. This situation is primarily due to a lack of community awareness and technical knowledge in apiculture. In response, a community service program was conducted on 10 May 2025 by lecturers from the Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, in collaboration with local farmer groups and supported by the Samarinda City Government. The program provided structured training through field visits, lectures, interactive discussions, and practical demonstrations at selected apiaries. Post-training evaluations showed a substantial improvement in participants’ understanding of colony management, hygienic honey harvesting, and the economic prospects of stingless bee products. Additionally, the program encouraged entrepreneurial interest and supported the development of value-added functional food products based on local resources. These findings indicate that targeted training and institutional collaboration are effective in promoting sustainable stingless beekeeping practices. Future initiatives should focus on continued technical support and the integration of apiculture products into local and digital markets to enhance competitiveness and economic impact.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education holds significant potential to enhance the quality of learning and the effectiveness of teaching. This study aims to evaluate a teacher competency development program through the integration of AI, particularly in the development of AI-based teaching materials utilizing the Kelas Ajaib feature in the Canva application. The training involved 40 teachers from SMP Negeri 1 Kota Ambon and was conducted through workshops and interactive simulations. Evaluation results indicated an 85% level of participant enthusiasm and 86% satisfaction, reflecting a highly positive response to the program. However, teacher competence in creating AI-based instructional media reached only 75%, suggesting a need for further mentoring and improved supporting infrastructure. The main challenges identified included limited hardware availability and difficulties in adapting to new technologies. Therefore, follow-up training, enhanced technical support, and improved school facilities are recommended. Collaboration among educational stakeholders is essential to ensure the sustainability of AI integration in the learning process. Further research is recommended to examine the long-term impact of AI implementation on teaching quality and student engagement.

English language learning in vocational schools aims to provide students with language skills that can maximally support the competence of the specific field of expertise that students have. However, English teaching in many vocational schools, such as the Bali Medika Health Vocational School, is not designed as English for Specific Purposes (ESP), thus found to be insufficient to equip students to communicate using English in their target career. In addition, the teachers at this school revealed that it is difficult to find the kind of activities that can be organized to make learning English interesting and to choose material that is suitable to the needs of students as a future nurse assistant. Therefore, an innovative learning activity is needed to assist teachers in delivering teaching material that is suitable and relevant to the student’s target career. Learning through games such as word grouping and whispering was organized in the class to teach students the specialized nursing vocabulary. At the evaluation, students reported that learning nursing vocabulary through word-grouping and whispering activities was fun, and they could understand the material well. The learning activities helped them enrich their nursing vocabularies and they were very satisfied with the English learning in this program. Keywords: ESP, games, nursing vocabulary, word-grouping, whispering.

This study aims to describe the dynamics of school leadership at a primary school affected by limited leadership experience and health-related constraints. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and in-depth interviews with several teachers, the findings reveal that the principal adopts a situational leadership style characterized by flexible and delegative practices. The principal places significant trust in senior teachers to carry out daily operational functions and decision-making processes. While this strategy fosters teacher autonomy and ensures the continuity of school activities, it also reveals weaknesses in supervision, quality control, and the symbolic presence of leadership. The lack of direct supervision results in unclear performance evaluations and weak program coordination. The study concludes that the effectiveness of situational leadership relies heavily on the strength of interpersonal relationships among staff and the existence of supportive internal systems. It is recommended that the principal strengthen the management team and establish a more structured communication system to sustain leadership quality and educational standards.

Mutiara Serpong Villa Complex, located in Pondok Jagung Timur Village, South Tangerang, is surrounded by the BSD City area. This area faces environmental problems due to the uncontrolled growth of water hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes) in the surrounding lakes and swamps, causing irrigation disruption and decreasing water quality. Water hyacinth is known as a weed that damages the aquatic environment, but it also has positive potential as a raw material for organic fertilizer. This program aims to overcome the problem of the spread of water hyacinth by utilizing the plant into organic compost. Water hyacinth compost contains high nutrients, helps improve soil properties, and improves the quality and quantity of plants. This initiative is expected to provide environmental benefits while increasing the income of the surrounding community through the use of water hyacinth as organic fertilizer. Community Service Activities at the Mutiara Serpong Villa Complex use several methods that aim to provide understanding and skills about making compost from water hyacinth to the local community. There are five main stages: Socialization, Counseling, Training and Practice, Observation and Evaluation, Sustainability. This method is designed to increase active community participation and the sustainability of water hyacinth compost use as a beneficial environmental solution.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Akidah Akhlak learning in developing religious character among 8th-grade students at SMP NU Kajen. Religious character serves as the foundation of Islamic education in facing moral degradation challenges in the globalization era. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. The results show that Akidah Akhlak learning is implemented through: (1) planning (integrated curriculum development and character-based lesson plans), (2) implementation (experiential learning, teacher modeling, and habituation), and (3) evaluation (authentic assessment). The formation of religious character is manifested in five dimensions: faith, worship, morals, knowledge, and practice. Supporting factors include pesantren-based school environment, parental support, and extracurricular religious programs, while inhibiting factors include social media influence, limited learning time, and diverse student backgrounds.

This study examines the application of management psychology approach as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of learning and performance of educators in Indonesia. Using descriptive-analytical qualitative methods, this study explores how factors such as work motivation, leadership, and stress management contribute to creating a conducive educational environment. Literature analysis and empirical findings reveal that increasing educator motivation through rewards, feedback-based evaluation, and the implementation of transformational and participatory leadership can significantly increase work enthusiasm and innovation in the learning process. In addition, balanced workload management and the provision of work welfare programs have been shown to help reduce stress levels and improve the psychological well-being of educators. The results of this study provide recommendations for educational institutions to integrate the principles of management psychology into human resource management policies in order to achieve continuous improvement in the quality of teaching and learning.

MSMEs play an important role in economic growth, but still face challenges in branding and digital marketing. Kiringan Hamlet, as one of the traditional herbal medicine production centers, is experiencing obstacles in marketing their products due to the lack of attractive visual identity and minimal utilization of digital technology. This service program aims to assist MSMEs in Kiringan Hamlet in improving their branding and competitiveness through logo and packaging redesign and website design as a digital marketing medium. The methods used include observation, interviews, solution design, and digital-based design implementation. The results of this program show that the new logo design and packaging stickers increase product attractiveness and strengthen MSME brand identity. In addition, the website design provided a digital solution to expand market reach. The evaluation showed that MSME players responded positively to this contribution and began to realize the importance of digital branding in marketing. With this program, it is expected that MSMEs in Kiringan Hamlet can be more developed and able to compete in a wider market with more effective digital branding and marketing strategies.

MSMEs play an important role in economic growth, but still face challenges in branding and digital marketing. Kiringan Hamlet, as one of the traditional herbal medicine production centers, is experiencing obstacles in marketing their products due to the lack of attractive visual identity and minimal utilization of digital technology. This service program aims to assist MSMEs in Kiringan Hamlet in improving their branding and competitiveness through logo and packaging redesign and website design as a digital marketing medium. The methods used include observation, interviews, solution design, and digital-based design implementation. The results of this program show that the new logo design and packaging stickers increase product attractiveness and strengthen MSME brand identity. In addition, the website design provided a digital solution to expand market reach. The evaluation showed that MSME players responded positively to this contribution and began to realize the importance of digital branding in marketing. With this program, it is expected that MSMEs in Kiringan Hamlet can be more developed and able to compete in a wider market with more effective digital branding and marketing strategies.

The Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Community Service Program implemented in Selebar Sub-District aims to enhance mental health awareness and literacy among adolescents through an Islamic Guidance and Counseling approach. Adolescents are a vulnerable group facing emotional, social, and academic pressures, necessitating adequate psychological support. Students from the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Study Program at UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu carried out this program using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, which included activities such as individual counseling, group guidance, and education on stress management, mindfulness, and self-care. The program engaged local communities, Islamic boarding schools, and religious institutions as partners in outreach and spiritual assistance. This initiative highlights the students’ role as social change agents capable of responding to societal needs through a holistic approach grounded in Islamic values. Evaluations indicated an increase in participants’ understanding of the importance of mental health, a reduction in stigma toward counseling, and greater willingness to seek professional help. The success of this program positively impacted adolescents' psychological well-being and reinforced the role of higher education institutions in building mentally and spiritually empowered communities. This experience provided meaningful learning for students, integrating academic knowledge with real-world social needs through transformative community engagement.

This study is a research in the field of public administration aimed at describing the strategic management process implemented by BUMDes Subur Makmur in an effort to increase Village Original Income (PADes) in Kretek Village, Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency. The research method employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The research targets stakeholders involved in the management of BUMDes. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data sources consist of both primary and secondary data. This study focuses on aspects of strategic planning, program implementation, and performance evaluation of BUMDes. Data analysis is conducted using an interactive model with a descriptive design. The findings indicate that BUMDes Subur Makmur has successfully implemented strategies in several aspects; however, existing challenges still require further attention to achieve optimal performance and maximize benefits for the village community. Improvements in human resource management, financial management, and adaptation to the evolving business environment are necessary to enhance the future effectiveness of BUMDes.  

This study aims to identify and analyze effective strategies in digital content preparation training for beginners to enhance marketing skills in the digital era. The method used is a qualitative literature review examining various literatures, reports, and empirical studies related to digital marketing skill development. The findings indicate that project-based and case study training methods are the most effective in improving beginners’ technical and creative abilities, especially in content creation and social media management. Major challenges faced by beginners include information overload, lack of practical experience, and rapid algorithm changes. Quality and interactive content proves to be the key to successful digital marketing, while performance measurement using appropriate metrics and analytic tools is crucial for strategy evaluation and development. Social media remains the primary platform with great potential, supported by optimization strategies involving active interaction and influencer collaboration. Continuous learning and integration of digital and traditional marketing through an omnichannel approach strengthen overall marketing effectiveness. This study contributes significantly to the development of adaptive and holistic training programs and digital marketing strategies for beginners.

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of Indonesia’s important agricultural commodities with strong economic potential. However, optimizing its productivity depends heavily on proper cultivation practices, particularly pruning, which significantly affects plant health and fruit yield. This study focused on the Women's Farmer Group (Kelompok Wanita Tani/KWT) in PTPN 1 Regional V Kebun Bangelan, East Java, which faced challenges due to limited skills and knowledge in coffee pruning. A community-based agricultural extension program was implemented to enhance their technical capabilities and ensure compliance with standard operating procedures (SOP) for effective pruning. The objectives were to identify key issues in pruning practices, deliver targeted training, and evaluate the outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach—comprising participatory observation, structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and a pre-test/post-test comparison—the study assessed knowledge gains and training impact. A Likert-scale survey further measured participant satisfaction. Findings revealed four main issues: low SOP adherence, lack of training, poor tool maintenance, and plant morphological constraints. Post-intervention, participant knowledge rose from 49% to 97%, a 48% improvement. Additionally, 71.88% of respondents rated the training positively. This indicates that structured, practical training significantly improved pruning skills, contributing to better agricultural practices and productivity in smallholder communities.

The precise and effective formulation of educational objectives is crucial in realizing the vision and mission of educational institutions, especially at the Madrasah Aliyah level, which plays an important role in shaping students' character and competencies based on Islamic values. However, in practice, a gap still exists between the formulation of educational objectives and the achievement of the institution’s vision and mission, which impacts the quality of learning and educational management. This study aims to identify and analyze effective strategies implemented by Madrasah Aliyah in formulating educational objectives that align with the institution’s vision and mission. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a case study approach, involving principals, teachers, and curriculum development teams as research subjects. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and analysis of educational planning documents. The results show that effective strategies include a participatory approach involving all stakeholders, the use of continuous evaluation as a basis for formulating objectives, and the integration of Islamic values that strengthen character education orientation. The alignment between educational objectives and the institution’s vision and mission has also been proven to enhance the effectiveness of learning program implementation and the achievement of both academic and non-academic student accomplishments. In conclusion, strategic and value-oriented formulation of educational objectives is a key factor in achieving the vision and mission of Madrasah Aliyah, thus requiring the strengthening of managerial capacity and a sustainable evaluation system.

This article discusses the implementation of FPCI Goes to School (FGTS) 4.0, an educational outreach initiative conducted by the Foreign Policy Community of Indonesia (FPCI) Chapter UPN Veteran Jakarta, with the objective of increasing students’ awareness and understanding of international political dynamics. The initiative addresses the growing need for public literacy on global issues that often have indirect but significant effects on national and local communities, such as trade disruptions and inflation caused by geopolitical conflicts. Using the Russia-Ukraine war as the primary case study, this activity sought to explore how international events influence domestic realities, including the rising cost of grain-based products and the spread of digital propaganda. The program was held at Muhammadiyah 2 Senior High School Jakarta and employed a participatory method involving socialization sessions, group discussions, and pre-test and post-tests evaluations to measure knowledge gain and critical thinking. Findings show that students demonstrated a strong grasp of basic geopolitical knowledge (+90% correct identification) and high level of awareness regarding digital security practices (+95% relevant answers). Slightly lower comprehension was observed in questions requiring simple analytical reasoning about international politics. This activity concludes that early exposure to international political education, delivered through targeted civic engagement programs, is promising to cultivate for a more globally-aware and resilient future citizens. 

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer distribution to farmers in Gorontalo Regency. The allocation system follows a regulatory procedure starting from the Minister of Agriculture Regulation, followed by the Governor’s Decree, and finally by the Regent/Mayor’s Decree, which determines fertilizer allocation down to farmer groups. However, the implementation in the field faces several issues, including fertilizer shortages, prices exceeding the government-set retail price (HET), and misuse of distribution mechanisms. Using a normative-empirical legal research method, the study finds that the ineffectiveness of the subsidized fertilizer program is mainly due to inaccurate data collection and distribution, as well as the suboptimal use of the Farmer Card (Kartu Tani), often hampered by technical problems such as inactive cards. An evaluation based on the "six accuracy principles" (right quantity, timing, price, location, quality, and type) shows that the current distribution is not functioning effectively. The main inefficiencies are rooted in administrative shortcomings, delayed distribution, and inconsistencies between regulatory provisions and field implementation

Bandung Village has strong economic potential through the development of local handicraft business units and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), but in its financial management the village experienced a decline in Village Original Revenue (PADes) from IDR 100 million in 2023 to IDR 93 million in 2024. The decline in PADes is an important indicator that reflects possible inefficiencies or weaknesses in aspects of governance, particularly accountability. This paper aims to capture an evaluation of the accountability of the use of APBDes in Bandung Village, Banjar Sub-district, Pandeglang Regency in managing its budget. With a focus on its impact on the effectiveness of community empowerment. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research was conducted in Bandung Village, Banjar Sub-district, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. Data was collected through interviews, observations, literature studies, and documentation using Policy Evaluation theory and Accountability theory. The results showed that from the analysis using evaluation theory, there were indicators that had not been met, namely adequacy and equity due to limited resources, namely funds provided by the central government. However, the analysis using accountability theory has fulfilled all indicators due to the strong commitment of the village government to advance the village. This accountability can be seen through reports on each program outcome and evidence of content uploaded on social media such as TikTok and Instagram.

Torok Golo Village in Rana Mese District, East Manggarai, is an agrarian area with significant agricultural potential but faces various structural challenges, such as limited access to agricultural technology, weak farmer institutions, and low community participation in village development planning processes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based farmer empowerment program in the area. A qualitative approach was used with a descriptive-qualitative research design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation involving local actors, including farmers, extension workers, village officials, and program facilitators. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the empowerment program has enhanced farmers' capacities in production and group collaboration, and there has been active community participation during the implementation phase. However, participation in the planning and evaluation stages remains suboptimal, and the institutional structure of farmer groups still requires strengthening. Other weaknesses include limited market access and low utilization of modern agricultural technologies. The study concludes that program effectiveness heavily depends on sustained community participation across all stages and structural support from the government and assisting institutions. Future research is recommended to explore technology-based empowerment models combined with the strengthening of local institutions to better adapt to the needs of rural communities in remote areas.