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Enforcement of criminal law in animal protection in Indonesia is increasingly becoming an important concern in line with increasing public awareness regarding animal rights. Even though Indonesia has a number of laws and regulations that regulate the protection of animals, such as Law no. 18 of 2009 concerning Animal Husbandry and Animal Health, in reality violations of animal rights still often occur, both in the form of physical violence and animal exploitation. This research aims to examine the extent to which criminal law in Indonesia can provide effective protection for animals, as well as the obstacles faced in its implementation. The focus of this research includes analysis of existing legal regulations, including Law no. 41 of 2014 concerning Forestry, as well as an evaluation of the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement in tackling acts of violence against animals. The research method used is a qualitative approach with literature studies and legal analysis to dig deeper into how legal protection for animals is implemented in practice, as well as the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials. It is hoped that this research will provide insight into the importance of stricter and more effective law enforcement, as well as provide recommendations for improving animal protection through policy adjustments and increasing public awareness.

This study analyzes the evaluation of stunting reduction policies in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Indonesia, using William N. Dunn's policy evaluation theory. Stunting is a serious nutritional problem that impacts children's growth and development, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Although there has been a decrease in stunting prevalence in Riau Province, Kuantan Singingi Regency experienced an increase in stunting rates from 17.8% in 2022 to 23% in 2023, making it the highest in the province. The evaluation was conducted based on five criteria: effectiveness, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The results showed that despite significant efforts in policy implementation, the target for reducing stunting prevalence has not been achieved, with communication between officers and the community still lacking. There is a shortage of skilled personnel and funds, and unequal access to health services. The policy provides a clear framework, but information about the program is still lacking in the community. The assumptions underlying the policy are quite strong, and positive impacts are starting to be seen, but challenges such as lack of training for officers remain. Overall, despite progress, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed to achieve the goal of reducing stunting effectively.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of advertising policy in Kuantan Singingi Regency using qualitative methods and a phenomenological approach. The policy evaluation theory used is William N. Dunn's model, which emphasizes six success criteria, namely effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness and accuracy. Data was collected through interviews, observation and documentation, and analyzed using interactive data analysis. The research results show that advertising policies have not been fully effective in achieving the expected goals, such as increasing regional income and arranging the aesthetics of the city. Findings indicate the existence of illegal advertisements that hinder tax revenues and public dissatisfaction with the government's response to their complaints. Even though the resource structure is in place, implementor skills need to be improved to achieve better efficiency. Licensing and supervision procedures are also considered inadequate, and policies do not provide equal opportunities for all business actors, especially small businesses. This research provides recommendations for improving future policy implementation, with the hope of increasing effectiveness and responsiveness to community needs.

Cross-border digital trade is increasingly happening and is in demand by Indonesian people. The implementation of the memotarium as a form of suspension of import duties on digital goods has had a significant impact on the implementation of international digital trade. The policy of extending the memotarium by the World Trade Organization (WTO) will certainly greatly influence the implementation of digital transactions in Indonesia and the legal policies that regulate this matter. This writing provides an understanding of the impact of the extension of the memotarium by the WTO on the implementation of digital transactions in Indonesia and Indonesia's regulatory arrangements in implementing the extension of the memotarium by the WTO. This problem will be studied through normative methods of literature study with an international trade law perspective through the study of legal regulations, journals, books and previous research. This writing will discuss Indonesian legal regulations as a form of implementation of the extension of the memotarium by the WTO as well as the impact felt by Indonesian digital transactions due to the extension of the memotarium by the WTO. The originality of the research explains the Indonesian regulations governing this matter and the influence of the memotarium extension on Indonesian digital transactions.

Rokan Hulu Regency in the implementation of swallow cultivation has been regulated in Rokan Hulu Regent Regulation No.4 of 2009 concerning business license management and swallow's nest business license. There are still many swallow nests that are established not in accordance with the provisions in the Rokan Hulu Regent Regulation, have not processed the swallow nest business license. Regent of Rokan Hulu, have not taken care of the license and there are still people who do not know that there is a regulation on swallow nests. do not know that there are rules governing the establishment of swallow nests. swallow's nest. This research aims to evaluate  Regent Regulation number 4 of 2009 concerning business licenses for the management and swallow nest business license in Kunto Darussalam Subdistrict, Rokan Hulu Regency and its inhibiting factors. Rokan Hulu and its inhibiting factors. The theory used is Lester and Stewart (2000). divides policy assessment into four types. The suggested types or models are: a) Process evaluation b) Impact evaluation c) Policy evaluation, evaluation to test relevance d) Meta-evaluation. The results of this study found that there was still no maximum socialization (communication) given to the community. Facilities and infrastructure (facilities) that have not been maximized by utilizing existing websites.

The population density in Surabaya City makes the needs of the community, one of which is transportation, high. Transportation has an important role in meeting the needs of the community in everyday life in the economic, socio-cultural and political fields. Unfortunately, this has led to traffic congestion. Thus, Surabaya City is trying to improve the public transportation system by launching environmentally friendly public transportation as an effort to implement a green economy, namely Suroboyo Bus. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. Information was obtained from various institutional reports, scientific articles, websites, books, and related regulations. The focus of data acquisition sources is credible journal publishers. The results showed that congestion in Surabaya City was reduced due to the enthusiasm of the community to switch to public transportation compared to private vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the Suroboyo Bus payment innovation by exchanging plastic bottles has succeeded in attracting the interest and awareness of some people in Surabaya City to manage plastic bottle waste, although there are still other complaints in the implementation of the policy. The role of Suroboyo Bus as an effort to improve the green economy can be said to be quite successful, but improvements still need to be made and the involvement of the government and the community so that Suroboyo Bus continues to be an environmentally friendly sustainable transportation.

Overcrowded condition is a condition where correctional institutions or State Detention Centers have too large a capacity because the increasing number of inmates is not comparable to the prison or detention center facilities. Permenkumham Number 11 of 2017 is used as a reference for implementing an action plan for handling overcrowded in Indonesia, which includes four main programs: regulatory arrangement, institutional strengthening, provision of infrastructure, and empowerment of human resources. This study aims to identify the methods used to handle overcrowded residents in Class II B Pemalang Detention Center and to find barriers that hinder the process. The researcher used a qualitative research method to determine the factors that hinder the implementation of handling overcrowded residents in Class II B Pemalang Detention Center. The results of the study indicate that handling overcrowded residents in Class II B Pemalang Detention Center has been going well because of remissions, solid internal institutions, good relationships with government institutions or organizations, and empowerment of correctional officers. In addition, handling overcrowded residents in Class II B Pemalang Detention Center faces several obstacles. One of them is the number of correctional officers which is too many compared to the number of prison inmates, as well as facilities and infrastructure which are not optimal.

This research analyzes the implementation of Regional Government policy in the form of Payakumbuh Mayor's Instruction Number: 01/Instruction/Wk-Pyk/2023 concerning Waste Management. The method used in this research is a qualitative method, namely a case study approach, observation or observation and in-depth understanding of the phenomenon being studied, documentation and interviews with related parties such as traders in traditional markets, residents around the TPS and cleaning officers from the Payakumbuh City Environmental Service. . The research results show that the main obstacle is the community's unpreparedness for the Regional Government's policy to manage waste independently, as a result of the closure of the Payakumbuh Regional TPA due to the impact of the landslide disaster. Another inhibiting factor is that education about waste management has not been thoroughly provided to the community and the lack of support for the facilities needed as well as the application of sanctions and appreciation to the community in waste management. Adequate training and skills are needed, the application of sanctions and partnerships between local governments with the private sector and other social institutions in the promotion and sale of waste recycling products, so that the community is not only independent in waste management but also helps the government in solving waste handling problems.

The Draft Asset Forfeiture Law represents a significant step in combating economic crimes in Indonesia, focusing on non-conviction-based asset recovery. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of Chemical Engineering students (2023 Cohort, Parallel C) at UPN "Veteran" East Java, a designated State Defense Campus, regarding the law's effectiveness. Employing a quantitative approach, data were gathered using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire assessing understanding, potential impacts, and alignment with state defense principles. The findings reveal that the majority of students perceive the draft law as a strategic tool for strengthening justice, reducing corruption, safeguarding public interests, and enhancing governmental integrity. However, some respondents expressed concerns over potential conflicts with human rights and implementation inefficiencies. This research underscores the necessity of harmonizing legislative frameworks with human rights and public trust, emphasizing the role of state defense education in fostering policy support..

This research examines the perceptions of MSME actors regarding the implementation of MSME tax policies in Indonesia, The aim of the research is to explore in depth the perceptions of MSME actors towards tax policy and identify the factors that influence it. The research method used is qualitative phenomenology, with data collection through in-depth interviews with MSME actors. The research results show a diversity of perceptions, ranging from positive views which see policies as supporting business formalization and opening access to financing facilities, to negative views which see them as an additional burden, especially for businesses with thin margins. Factors that influence perceptions include the level of tax knowledge, business experience, characteristics of the business sector, access to information, and the ability to utilize technology. The research conclusions emphasize the need for a more nuanced and adaptive approach in the formulation and implementation of MSME tax policy. The government needs to consider the diverse characteristics and needs of the MSME sector, increase tax education and outreach, and improve the accessibility of tax information and services. Continuous dialogue between policy makers and MSME actors is needed to develop an effective tax system in increasing state revenues and supporting the growth of the MSME sector.

This study investigates the impact of public policy on social welfare, specifically through the lens of social assistance programs in the digital era. As technology continues to evolve, the implementation of social assistance programs has transformed, leading to new opportunities for enhancing service delivery and accessibility. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative case studies to assess the effectiveness of these programs in improving social welfare outcomes. The findings reveal that while digital tools can enhance the reach and efficiency of social assistance initiatives, challenges such as digital divide and data privacy concerns must be addressed to ensure equitable access for all beneficiaries. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of integrating technology into public policy frameworks to foster sustainable social welfare improvements in an increasingly digital world.

Industrial policy in Indonesia faces significant challenges in an era of increasingly complex globalization. Globalization brings great opportunities for domestic companies to compete globally, but also poses risks such as economic inequality and unemployment. To address these challenges, the government needs to develop a smart industrial policy that not only encourages sectoral growth but also stimulates cross-sectoral innovation. Selecting imported goods, imposing high import fees on commodities that can already be produced domestically, and providing capital injections to companies with comparative advantages are effective ways to protect local industries from the negative impacts of globalization. Digitalization must also go hand in hand with the implementation of this strategy so that sectors can use digital technology to increase productivity and create new economic opportunities, especially for micro, small, and start-up businesses. Furthermore, Indonesia's economic strength in navigating the problems of globalization may lie in its integration with the creative economy. Indonesia's industrial economy requires creative and innovative human resources so that the creative sector can develop and compete on a global scale.

Political law is the basic policy that is the basis for the formation, implementation and enforcement of law in a country. In the context of criminal cases in Indonesia, legal politics is reflected in the judge's considerations when handing down a decision. This research aims to analyze how legal politics influences judges' considerations in criminal cases and the extent to which these factors reflect substantive justice, legal certainty and legal benefits. By using a normative juridical approach and analysis of court decisions, this research finds that judges' considerations are influenced by various factors, such as statutory regulations, legal doctrine, jurisprudence, and social values ​​that develop in society. The legal politics applied by judges in their decisions often show an attempt to balance the need for legal certainty with substantive justice. However, in some cases, it was found that judges' considerations could be influenced by external pressures or developing political dynamics, which had the potential to cloud the principle of judicial independence. These findings provide important insights for policy makers and law enforcers to strengthen a justice system that is oriented towards justice and integrity.

The development of the times influences the education system, including the curriculum, which serves as the foundation for achieving educational goals. This article discusses the importance of the curriculum in enhancing the quality of education, particularly in Islamic Education (PAI), as well as how the curriculum is designed to address societal challenges and student needs. This research employs a qualitative approach and descriptive methods to gather information related to curriculum development, which consists of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The curriculum is dynamic and contextual, emphasizing the involvement of relevant parties in adjustments according to social and cultural conditions. The article also explains the design of educational programs, which includes objectives, content, learning experiences, and evaluation, as well as the principles that must be adhered to in curriculum design. Thus, the role of teachers as educators and implementers of the curriculum significantly impacts the quality of learning, making the collaboration between education policy and field practice a key factor in achieving educational success.

This study examines the implementation of industrial development policies at PT Pertamina (Persero) as a strategic step in supporting national energy security and sustainable development. Referring to the National Industrial Development Master Plan (RIPIN) 2015-2035, this study highlights Pertamina's contribution to energy source diversification, operational efficiency, and strengthening industrial competitiveness. The analysis was conducted using a qualitative method based on literature studies with the Miles and Huberman model approach. The results of the study indicate that the RIPIN policy is implemented effectively through the development of renewable energy technology and increasing the capacity of energy infrastructure. However, several obstacles such as limited infrastructure, technology adoption, and global competition still affect the achievement of policy objectives. This study provides an important contribution in understanding the role of national energy companies in supporting an inclusive and environmentally friendly industrial development agenda.

The aim of this research is to examine how Indonesia's economic growth in the 2020–2023 era is influenced by the implementation of sharia monetary policy, especially the Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS) and sharia sukuk instruments. This research uses a literature review methodology and analyzes secondary data from sources such as books, scientific journals and articles. An important component of this research is statistical data, which includes information regarding inflation, economic developments and sharia monetary policy collected from official organizations such as the Financial Services Authority (OJK), Bank Indonesia and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Economic development and changes in SBIS rates are not significantly correlated, according to data analysis. However, the evolution of Islamic sukuk shows a very encouraging pattern. Investor interest in sharia sukuk is increasing, this shows the enormous potential of this instrument in spurring economic expansion. The findings of this research indicate that sharia sukuk have enormous potential as a source of development financing and can play an important role in driving progress in the Indonesian economy, although the contribution of SBIS is less significant.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the New Student Admissions (PPDB) policy which uses a zoning system at SMPN 12 Bandung. This policy aims to increase equal access to education in society. To achieve this aim, this research applies a qualitative approach, which is considered effective for exploring in-depth information about the experiences and perspectives of the parties involved. Data was collected through direct interviews with resource persons from the student affairs section of SMPN 12 Bandung. This method allows researchers to gain a clearer understanding of the implementation of the zoning system in the PPDB process at the school.  This research also aims to evaluate the extent to which zoning policies are effective in increasing access to education, reducing social disparities, and identifying the challenges and opportunities faced by schools in their implementation. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide recommendations for the government and related parties to improve and perfect zoning-based PPDB policies in the future.

The growth of Indonesia's cattle population and productivity, and the factors contributing to these changes. Government policies, livestock health conditions and a shortage of quality feed have transformed Indonesia's cattle sector in recent years. Although the Special Effort for Mandatory Breeding Cattle (Upsus Siwab) programme has resulted in an increase in the cattle population, the implementation of this programme is still uneven across the country. In contrast, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks and feed limitation issues are major constraints to increasing productivity. As the results show, regions that have better access to artificial insemination technology and high-quality feed have better results compared to other regions. To achieve sustainable cattle growth in Indonesia, more equitable policies, strengthened animal health systems, and improved feed distribution and quality are needed.

This study aims to analyze the impact of character education policies on student behavior in schools. Character education has become a priority in national education policy as an effort to form a generation that has integrity, responsibility, and tolerance. The method used in this study is a literature study, where data is collected from various literature, such as scientific journals, books, and relevant research reports. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of character education policies has a positive impact on student behavior, such as increasing discipline, honesty, and the ability to work together. However, the effectiveness of this policy is influenced by several factors, including the quality of implementation in schools, support from teachers and parents, and a conducive school environment. This study is expected to be a reference for policy makers and education practitioners in optimizing character education programs in schools.    

The digital era has brought significant changes in the world of education, especially in the implementation of technology-based policies to support the learning process. Technology-based education policies aim to improve the quality of learning through the integration of digital tools such as learning software, e-learning platforms and internet-based applications. In addition, student motivation is an important factor in the successful implementation of this technology. This research discusses the role of technology-based education policies in increasing learning effectiveness and how student motivation influences learning outcomes in the digital era. This study uses qualitative methods with a case study approach in educational institutions at various levels. The research results show that policies that support adequate technological infrastructure, training for teaching staff, and technology-based curriculum development can increase student engagement and achievement. On the other hand, students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is greatly influenced by digital environments that are interactive and support personal learning. Therefore, integration between technology-based education policies and efforts to increase student motivation is the key to educational success in the digital era.