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Dea Amira Dewandari; Wardah Ainiyah; Lucya Natalie; Cintia Nur Halimatussa’diyah; Muhammad Zidhan Arifianto +1 more

Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Ilmu Pertanian 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Waste management is one thing that needs to be of concern to the community. Waste management is carried out as an effort so that waste does not pollute the environment and can be utilized so that it functions. Waste management in the community can be done through making compost that can be reused by the community. The goal of the composting process is to convert organic matter from household waste into compost that can be safely applied to fields without causing negative effects to either the soil or domesticated plants. The results of this compost are solid or liquid. Procurement of composters was carried out for the community in all hamlets of Bareng Village, Bareng District, Jombang Regency, East Java, by holding socialization and composting practices to provide education to all Bareng Village residents located at the Village Hall. Procurement of composters is carried out as an effort to increase knowledge about waste management through composters, so that people can make the most of household waste.

Simbolon, Alfonsus; Azrino Gustalika, Muhamad; Setiya Rafika Nur, Yohani; Azrino Gustalika, Muhamad

JURNAL ILMIAH KOMPUTER GRAFIS 2023 UNIVERSITAS STEKOM

Websites have an important role in academic management and enhance the reputation of a company or institution. Website service quality is an important factor in education. On university web ranking sites such as webometrics, Indonesia's ranking is relatively low, including universities in Central Java which are ranked in the 1000's. Therefore, this study aims to find the causative factors and analyze the current quality of academic websites. The Webqual 4.0 method was used in this study to evaluate the quality of websites based on indicators of usability, reliability, novelty and user satisfaction. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is also used to determine indicators that need to be repaired, updated, and maintained based on user perceptions and expectations. This research involved 144 respondents, namely students and staff at STIKOM Yos Sudarso. The results of the study show several indicators that need to be improved on the STIKOM Yos Sudarso website, especially in terms of appearance and quality of information such as novelty and clarity of content. Recommendations from this study include improving the appearance by developing designs and simplifying features. In addition, it is necessary to improve the quality of information by updating information in a timely, accurate and regular manner. Interaction with users also needs to be improved by adding a live chat feature and improving all indicators to build a good website reputation

Chairane; Adinda Puan; Rahmat Syahputra; Thia Thania Aldine; Nurbaiti

JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS TEKNOLOGI DAN INFORMASI (JITI) 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

The database or what is commonly referred to as a database is a collection of data that is stored neatly, structured on a computer and is very important in an information system. The database functions as a provider of information for its consumers. The database has many benefits, some of which are facilitating data management, data accuracy, increasing productivity, cost savings, as a material for making better decisions and helping to maintain data security. The purpose of thisresearch is to understand what are thebenefits of databases and how to implement databases for organizations or companies. By knowing the benefits of a database, an organization or company can make good decisions or policies in managing andutilizing their data. The method in this study uses a qualitative method by conducting a survey to find out the benefits of the database at the UIN North Sumatra Library and what facilities are obtained by implementing the database in managingits information system. The results obtained from this study are that the North Sumatra Uin Library utilizes databases in improving services by carrying out several developments such as an online library, an application called OPAC, an application that makes it easy to check library collections and a web called repository which is a collection application. the work of students. Libraries that previously only used the recording method but have switched to using online by utilizing databases.

Chairane; Adinda Puan; Rahmat Syahputra; Thia Thania Aldine; Nurbaiti

JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS TEKNOLOGI DAN INFORMASI (JITI) 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

The database or what is commonly referred to as a database is a collection of data that is stored neatly, structured on a computer and is very important in an information system. The database functions as a provider of information for its consumers. The database has many benefits, some of which are facilitating data management, data accuracy, increasing productivity, cost savings, as a material for making better decisions and helping to maintain data security. The purpose of thisresearch is to understand what are thebenefits of databases and how to implement databases for organizations or companies. By knowing the benefits of a database, an organization or company can make good decisions or policies in managing andutilizing their data. The method in this study uses a qualitative method by conducting a survey to find out the benefits of the database at the UIN North Sumatra Library and what facilities are obtained by implementing the database in managingits information system. The results obtained from this study are that the North Sumatra Uin Library utilizes databases in improving services by carrying out several developments such as an online library, an application called OPAC, an application that makes it easy to check library collections and a web called repository which is a collection application. the work of students. Libraries that previously only used the recording method but have switched to using online by utilizing databases.

A Hadi Arifin; Syaifuddin Syaifuddin; Yusuf Ronny Edward

Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2023 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

Many institutions need to pay more attention to the fact that employee abilities and motivation significantly influence the company's progress. Because of that, it is necessary to conduct research trials on whether abilities in their fields and motivation affect employee performance. Collecting data in this study used a quantitative method with a sample of 150 employees at Bank Aceh Syariah. The results of the study state that talent management is essential for companies because they work according to the desired field. Likewise, motivation also has a significant contribution to employee morale. It can be concluded that talent management and inspiration have a considerable influence on improving employee performance.

Tri Handayani; Rochmad Bayu Utomo

Jurnal Pengabdian Bersama Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

This community engagement research aims to provide assistance in simple bookkeeping to orphanages with the objective of improving transparency, accuracy, and financial management effectiveness. The assistance method involves a series of activities, including basic training in simple bookkeeping, the development of easily comprehensible financial report formats, and the provision of guidance and direct supervision in day-to-day financial record-keeping. Evaluation and monitoring are conducted throughout the assistance period to measure progress and ensure alignment with the specific needs of the orphanages. The research findings indicate that the provision of simple bookkeeping assistance offers significant benefits to orphanages. The financial recording skills of the administrators improve, leading to more accurate and trustworthy financial reports. Furthermore, transparency in financial management increases, thereby fostering trust and participation from relevant stakeholders such as donors and regulatory bodies. The implementation of a simple bookkeeping system also aids administrators in making better decisions based on the available financial information

Shifa Aulia Maghfiroh; Khoirunnisa Ghefira Yusrani; Nurul Aini; Acim Heri Iswanto

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Lean is a concept and technique for systems that optimizes patient benefit by decreasing waste and waiting time. The literature review approach is used in this study to acquire research data, with internet searches serving as a supplementary tool while looking for relevant papers. According to the study findings, mean hospital length of stay (LOS) fell by 24% throughout the intervention period in 259 patients with PMV (131 pre-intervention; 128 post-intervention) (29 vs. 22 days, p 0.001). This demonstrates that clinical redesign based on Lean Six Sigma decreases LOS in intensive care units. Other studies show that utilizing Lean Six Sigma has resulted in a 57% reduction in length of stay and an 88% reduction in the identification of non-value added tasks. Lean management in hospitals is a step toward greater service efficiency that has been shown to outperform Total Quality Management (TQM) and Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) improvements. Customers and their families gain from shorter wait times, as do healthcare employees (medical, emergency, and non-medical) and hospital administration. The use of the lean six sigma approach in conjunction with the DMAIC cycle effects LOS reduction, indicating that lean six sigma can reduce LOS in hospitals.

Lorin Eldania Putri; Zaenal Wafa

Jurnal Pengabdian Bersama Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

The purpose of recording financial statements for a business is to present fairly the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the business/business entity. The presentation of business entity financial statements must be presented fairly, in the sense that the presentation is made in an honest manner on the effects of transactions,othereventsand conditions in accordance with the definitions and criteria for recognizing assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenses. therefore the presentation of SAK ETAP plays an important role in the financial management of UMKM in the Padukuhan Sendang village so that it is more organized

Muhammad Syafuan Zairie

Jurnal Manajemen Kreatif dan Inovasi 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This research examines change management in an Islamic perspective. The research method used is a qualitative approach using literature studies and theoretical analysis. Through an in-depth understanding of related literature, concepts and principles of change management that are appropriate to the context of Islamic education are identified. In this study, data will be collected through literature studies which include books, journals, articles, and other reliable sources related to change management from an Islamic perspective. Change management is an effort made by a leader or manager in subordinating a plan, coordination, direction, control/supervision to achieve goals or objectives that can make an organization or institution better than yesterday to achieve goals. Change Management in Islamic perspective consists of phases namely human, development.

Agung Wirjawan; Hilman Iskandar; Hidayat, Rahmad; Dwiyanto, Dwiyanto; Ike Yuni Wulandari +1 more

JURNAL ILMIAH KOMPUTER GRAFIS 2023 UNIVERSITAS STEKOM

Internet connections that are not always stable and data security is not maintained from various threats from outside attacks in the form of hackers, crackers, viruses, and so on are the main problems for every client. Using the pfSense analysis method, this study aims to address the above bandwidth management and network security issues. The pfSense analysis that the researchers carried out included an analysis of total bandwidth usage, data security, and information for each client on the P3DW Internet network (Center for Regional Revenue Management) Bandung III Soekarno-Hatta City. The results of the analysis concluded that pfSense can work as a firewall that functions as a bandwidth limiter and network security. The level of client satisfaction increases with the infrastructure designs being tested. With a web GUI that makes it easy for users to configure, the basic system used is FreeBSD which is open-source, making pfSense able to be an alternative choice for building a firewall that is reliable, flexible, and economical.

Nur Anggraini Trisnawati; Fiqi Maulana

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Manajemen 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational capital on the firm life cycle. The sample used is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2009-2017 period, with a total of 580 observations of data from 116 companies and using a purposive sampling method. This study uses the independent variable organization capital which is proxied by OC/TA and the dependent variable company life cycle which is proxied by the dummy life cycle classification based on cash flow, retained earnings to total assets, and retained earnings to total equity. In addition, the control variables used are company size, market-to-book ratio, leverage, return on equity, company sales growth, capital expenditure, and asset turnover ratio. The analysis technique used is multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that organizational capital has a significant effect on the firm life cycle, where companies with high organizational capital are in the introduction and decline stages, while companies with low organizational capital are in the growth and maturity stages. Development requires quality human resources (HR). This human resource can act as a factor of labor production that can master technology so as to increase economic productivity. To achieve quality human resources requires the formation of human capital (human capital). The formation of this human capital is a way to obtain a number of people who have strong characters who can be used as important capital in development. This character can be in the form of level of expertise and level of community education. The concept of human capital investment that supports economic growth has existed since the days of Adam Smith (1776), Heinrich Von Thunen (1875) and other classical theorists before the 19th century who emphasized the importance of investment. human skills. Schultz (1961) and Deninson (1962) then showed that the development of the education sector with human resources as its core focus has contributed directly to a country's economic growth, through increasing the skills and productive capabilities of the workforce.  These findings and perspectives have stimulated the interest of a number of experts to research the economic value of education (Nurulpaik, 2005). Human capital is a stock of productive abilities and knowledge found in society. Alfred Marshal once said "the most valuable of all capital is that invested in human beings" (Becker, 1975). In this case human capital is a long-term investment in the development of human resources to increase productivity. The importance of human capital is that the knowledge that exists in human resources is the driving base in increasing productivity. Human capital can be distinguished from human resources management, but can also synergize. Human capital views humans more as intangible assets and human resources management views humans as costs or costs that are detrimental to the company. The concept of human capital emerged, due to a shift in the role of human resources. Human capital arises from the idea that humans are assets that have many advantages, namely human capabilities when used and disseminated will not decrease but increase both for the individual concerned and for the organization, humans are able to transform data into meaningful information. The concept of innovation has been continuously developed by a number of experts and institutions in the last 50 years. This is based on Resource Based Theory (Barney, 1991). In the perspective of Resource Based View (RBV), internal resources and the internal environment are the main keys for determining strategies to achieve high performance (Hitt et al., 2011). Resource Based Theory (RBT) focuses on the concept of attributes of excellence that are difficult to imitate as a source of superior performance and competitive advantage (Barney, 1991). Resources based theory is the company's resources as the main driver behind the company's performance and competitiveness. Based on this resources based theory, an organization can be assessed as a collection of physical resources, human resources, and organizational resources (Barney, 1991). Barney (1991) categorizes three types of resources: Physical capital resources (technology, plant and equipment) Human capital capital (training, experience, and insight), and Organizational resource capital (formal structure)

Ina Magdalena; Gilang Ramadhan; Hasanah Dwi Wahyuni; Nabilah Dwi Safitri

Ta'rim: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Yayasan Pendidikan Ilmu Qur'an Baubau

This article discusses the importance of the evaluation process in elementary school learning. Evaluation plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of learning and the achievement of educational goals. Evaluation helps teachers obtain valid data on students' abilities, identify their learning difficulties, and understand their position among their peers. Through evaluation, teachers can make professional decisions in developing their teaching methods. The article emphasizes the significance of understanding and skills in conducting effective evaluation. Evaluation should not only be carried out at the end of a lesson but throughout the entire learning process. By conducting accurate and comprehensive evaluations, educators can gather precise information about students' abilities, enabling them to make informed decisions in their teaching practices. Improving understanding and implementing effective evaluation processes contributes to enhancing the quality of elementary school education. Effective evaluation not only benefits teachers in decision-making but also helps improve self-quality and classroom management.

Rizni Aulia Qadri; Immanuel Zai; Edward Cornelyanto; Jacelyn Christina Yeo; Febriyanti Febriyanti +3 more

Public Service And Governance Journal 2023 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

When conducting business activities, a company definitely needs a plan or strategy that is clearly structured, and with the aim of managing the company's resources effectively and efficiently. One of the companies implementing a supply chain management system based on an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is Visalux. This article was written with the aim of analyzing the influence of Supply Chain Management & ERP Systems in improving the performance of Visalux companies. The research method used in this article is a qualitative descriptive method.

Yusrina Ayu Setiani; Rheza Ray Farandy; Moch. Isa Anshori

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Manajemen 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Leadership is a classic topic of discussion, but it is very interesting to study because it can be crucial for an organization or company. Organizations or companies involve human interaction, such as the relationship between leaders and subordinates, both of whom work together to complete planned tasks. One of the main responsibilities of a leader is to motivate employees and improve their performance so that they can achieve the goals of the organization they lead. The resources owned by the company will not produce optimal results if they are not supported by human resources who have optimal performance. The purpose of this study is to determine whether leadership style influences job satisfaction through employee motivation and performance. This research uses the type of library research, which is a series of activities related to library data collection methods. The results of this study indicate that leadership, motivation, and job satisfaction are important factors in determining the success and failure of employee performance achievement.

Wijaya Johanes Chendra; Vip Paramarta; Giska Dianvayani; Raja Iqbal Mulya Harahap; M Hasyrul Muchtar

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Health workers have an important role to improve the maximum quality of health services to the community. It is also necessary for health workers to consider balanced work, one of which is the management of work life balance (WLB). Work Life Balance as an individual's ability to balance his responsibilities at work and things that are not related to work. The purpose of this theoretical study is to find out the management of work life balance in health workers in hospitals. The method used is a theoretical study by analyzing and comparing existing theories. It then learns more about a subject in theory or research and helps readers understand it better and with implications. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed and presented in narrative form in the form of diagrams or schematics whose contents discuss the results of the research analyzed from some of the literature. The result of this theoretical study is to arrange plans and schedules, control unnecessary things, filter between professional and personal, prevent burn out, and increase job attendance. It can be concluded that work life balance or balance of time in the context of working in a hospital, namely as health workers have the ability to balance between the time we provide as a professional in the workplace and the time we provide as a person outside where we work. Health workers who have a good work-life balance, then a person can be more productive and efficient at work. This also supports increasing satisfaction in doing work. It is hoped that the hospital and health workers will always conduct training to support increasing the professionalism of health workers and balancing their responsibilities at work and those that are not related to work. In addition, as a professionalism and performance appraisal that is assessed in terms of punctuality, discipline and altruism.

Rizky Sitompul; Safriadi Pohan; Yacub Hutabarat

JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (JISE) 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Financial ratio analysis is one way to assess the company's financial performance. This study aims to determine the financial performance of PT. MaraTanto Siregar. The study uses financial management theory based on measuring instruments Debt to Assets Ratio, Debt to Equity ratio, Return On Investment and Return On Equity. The approach used in this research is a descriptive research approach. The samples in this study are the balance sheet and income statement of PT. Mara Tanto Siregar for 3 years for the 2018-2020 period. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive data analysis technique, namely collecting data, classifying it in such a way as to obtain a clear picture of the facts that exist as a reality in the object under study. The results showed that the company's financial performance as measured by the solvency ratio (Debt to Assets Ratio) and (Debt to Equity Ratio) was good, because there was an increase in the amount of debt and was followed by an increase in total assets each year and the company was able to emphasize funding using its own capital. The results of the profitability ratio analysis show that the company's ability to generate profits in terms of Return On Investment is good, the average ROI level is 31%, due to the relatively high profit on asset turnover. Meanwhile, in terms of Return On Equity, the company is also good because the company has not been able to maximize its capital to generate optimal net profit, the average during the study period was 42%.

Annisa Nurbaiti; Pratiwi, Yunita

KOMPAK : Jurnal Ilmiah Komputerisasi Akuntansi 2023 Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

This study aims to analyze the effect of audit committee, public ownership, size of the board of commissioners, and risk management committe on the risk management disclosures. The population in this study are banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017- 2021. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling and found 205 observations. The data analysis model used by this study is data panel regression analysis using EViews software. The results showed that the audit committee, public ownership, size of the board of commissioners, and risk management committe simultaneously had a significant impact on the risk management disclosures. Meanwhile, partially the audit committee, public ownership, the size of the board of commissioners and risk management committe has no a significant effect on the official website on the timeliness of financial statement reporting. The size of the board of commissioners has an effect on risk management disclosures.

Nisa Mauliana Sari; Yusuf, Yusuf; Sugiaryo, Sugiaryo

Jurnal Global Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan 2023 Prodi PPKn Universitas Slamet Riyadi

The aims of this study were 1) to find out about inculcating environmental care character values through inorganic waste management into crafts in the P5 program, 2) to find out the obstacles in inculcating environmental care character values through inorganic waste management into crafts in the P5 program, 3) to find out the solution to the obstacles in inculcating environmental care character values through inorganic waste management into crafts in the P5 program. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The research location was at SMPN 18 Surakarta. The research subjects were teachers, school principal, and students. The method of collecting data in this study was through interviews, documentation, and observation. To check the validity of the data in the research, source triangulation and technical triangulation techniques were used. The data analysis technique was to use descriptive qualitative with an interactive model starting from data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that 1) teaching students about inculcating of value of environmental care character through the P5 program on managing inorganic waste into crafts, 2) obstacles in inculcating character through the waste management program into crafts occurred from within or from the conditions of the students and the limitations of tools and material. While external obstacles were from the family or environment. 3) the solution to these obstacles was to make rules and punishments, provide counseling to students' families and the environment to actively participate in environmental care activities.   Keywords: Character Education, Environmental Care, Waste Management Programs into Crafts

Wahdatul Laili; Musayaroh Musayaroh; Moh. Ishaq; Mochammad Isa Anshori

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Manajemen 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Leadership is the ability to influence the behavior of a group towards achieving goals. The main focus of this research is the behavioral approach of leadership in the context of management. This approach emphasizes the behavior and actions of leaders as the main factors in influencing individual and group performance in organizations. The purpose of this study is to analyze various theories and research related to the behavioral leadership approach, the concept of leadership behavior approach, leadership style based on the behavioral approach, various behavioral approach theories, such as the Michigan study, the Ohio study, and the Managerial Grid/Leadership grid, as well as various case studies from previous studies. The method used is a literature review study method, such as from books, journals, and several previous studies. The results of this study emphasize the importance of an effective leadership behavior approach in achieving organizational goals. Leader behavior has a significant influence on employee motivation, performance, and satisfaction. Therefore, it is important for organizations to understand and implement effective leadership principles and styles to create a productive and motivating work environment.

DJUANDA, MARSHANDA; RIZKI HAMDANI

KOMPAK : Jurnal Ilmiah Komputerisasi Akuntansi 2023 Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rekonsiliasi laporan keuangan periode triwulan III tahun 2022 pembaruan single database berbasis Aplikasi SAKTI Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. Subjek pada penelitian adalah Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia dan memiliki objek penelitian rekonsiliasi laporan keuangan periode triwulan III tahun 2022 pasca penerapan single database Aplikasi SAKTI. Metode dilakukan dengan wawancara dan pengumpulan dokumen melalui jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dalam mendeskripsikan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian tertentu hingga mendapatkan data menggunakan teknik analisis data ineraktif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tentang proses rekonsiliasi laporan keuangan triwulan III 2022 berbasis Aplikasi SAKTI Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia yang merupakan proses penyandingan data yang berperan dalam memastikan kesesuaian dan kebenaran data transaksi terutama dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan yang dapat mengklasifikasi terjadinya perbedaan antara data satuan kerja dengan data Kantor Pelayanan Kebendaharaan Negara dari sumber yang sama untuk membentuk data yang andal dan akuntabel. Proses rekonsiliasi saat ini dilakukan pembaruan secara otomatis dengan penerapan single database pada Aplikasi SAKTI. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan bidang analis pengelolaan keuangan, operator sakti modul bendahara dan pelaporan, verifikator keuangan masih ditemukan kendala seperti pada proses migrasi saldo awal ke sakti banyak belum terselesaikan yang menjadikan belum input setoran oleh beberapa satker sehingga adanya selisih rekon internal, persediaan yang belum teregister, data inventaris yang belum terselesaikan dan juga diakibatkan dari kelalaian SDM di lingkup internal itu sendiri, sehingga seringkali terjadinya selisih pada transaksi saat periode rekonsiliasi berlangsung.ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the reconciliation of financial statements for the third quarter of 2022 by updating a single database based on the SAKTI Application, Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia. The subject of the research is the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia and has the research object of reconciliation of financial statements for the third quarter of 2022 after the implementation of the SAKTI Application single database. The method was carried out by interviewing and collecting documents through qualitative descriptive research types in describing an event or certain events to obtain data using interactive data analysis techniques with a qualitative approach. The results of the research show the reconciliation process for the third quarter of 2022 financial reports based on the SAKTI Application of the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia, which is a data matching process that plays a role in ensuring the suitability and correctness of transaction data, especially in the preparation of financial reports which can classify discrepancies between work unit data and service office data. State Treasury from the same source to form reliable and accountable data. The reconciliation process is currently being updated automatically by implementing a single database in the SAKTI Application. Based on the results of interviews with financial management analysts, sacred operators, treasurer and reporting modules, financial verifiers still found problems such as the initial balance migration process to Sakti, many of which had not been resolved, which resulted in the input of deposits not being made by several work units, resulting in differences in internal accounts, inventories that had not been registered, inventory data that has not been completed and also results from HR negligence in the internal scope itself, so that discrepancies often occur in transactions during the reconciliation period.