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Indonesia is a unitary state, has a lot of diversity that combines various nationalities, dialects, religions, and communities. Therefore, as a diverse nation, moderation in religion is needed so that there is no degenerate behavior that can divide a country. Internalization of religious values in a multicultural society is an effort to integrate religious values with cultural and religious diversity in society. The main purpose of this internalization is to increase tolerance, respect diversity, and form an inclusive religious culture. This study aims to discuss the internalization of religious moderation values in a multicultural society. This study uses a qualitative approach and data processing using descriptive-analytical methods. Data processing is used as a benchmark to find out how the internalization of religious moderation values in a multicultural society, then takes several sources from the Bantengan village community to be used as research objects, in order to answer the main research questions, including: 1) How is the process of conveying understanding the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village. 2) How is the negotiation process with the community regarding the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village. 3) -How is the implementation of the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village? From the results and discussion of this study, it shows that there are several ways that the Bantengan village community does to internalize the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society. This study concludes that internalization of the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village can be done in various ways. An important effort to internalize the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society is to make the Bantengan village community a harmonious society by strengthening tolerance between religious communities, and having a spirit of justice between communities.

Waste management is a major challenge in sustainable development, particularly in areas with tourism potential. Paya Jeget Village, Pegasing District, Central Aceh Regency, a developing tourist destination, is addressing waste management issues that require serious attention. The increasing number of tourists visiting the village has the potential to significantly increase the volume of waste generated. Without proper management, this condition can threaten environmental sustainability and public health. Therefore, a community-based waste management approach is needed that involves the active participation of all stakeholders, from village government, community leaders, tourism operators, and the general public. The objectives of this community service activity are to increase public knowledge and awareness about sustainable waste management, develop an integrated community-based waste management system, and establish independent community waste management groups to realize a clean and healthy tourist destination. Implementation methods include outreach and education, practical training, the formation of working groups, and ongoing mentoring to ensure the program runs consistently. The community service activities carried out on June 2, 2025 have achieved the following results: 45 participants participated in the outreach activities, 90% of participants understood the importance of waste from a religious and environmental perspective, the formation of collective awareness to maintain environmental cleanliness, the formation of a waste management group consisting of 15 members, the availability of waste sorting places at three strategic points, the implementation of waste sorting activities at the household level, and the start of organic waste composting activities. In addition, this activity also succeeded in fostering a spirit of mutual cooperation in waste management and improving residents' skills in processing organic waste into compost.

This study aims to conduct a critical study of the teaching materials for Islamic Religious Education and Character Building (PABP), specifically on the material "Avoiding Backbiting and Carrying Out Tabayun" used in class VII of SMPIT Takhassus Al-Qur'an Ashabiq. The focus of the study in this study covers several important aspects, namely learning objectives, the material delivered, the learning methods and models applied, evaluation of learning outcomes, and sources and references for teaching materials used by teachers and students. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through document studies of teaching materials, observations of the learning process in the classroom, interviews with teachers and students, and data validation is carried out through expert audits to ensure the accuracy of the findings. The results show that the teaching materials used have referred to the principles of the Independent Curriculum and the Pancasila Student Profile, which emphasize the development of character and student competencies as a whole. However, several significant weaknesses were found, especially in terms of integration between learning objectives with learning activities and evaluations carried out. Learning materials are structured in a normative and idealistic manner, but they do not adequately accommodate students' real-life contexts, particularly in facing the challenges of today's digital era, which significantly impact how they understand and internalize religious values. Learning evaluation is still dominated by cognitive measures such as written tests and conceptual understanding, while the attitudinal and skill dimensions, which are crucial for character education, have not been optimally measured. Furthermore, the learning resources used are quite limited, relying solely on textbooks and student worksheets (LKS), without any support from contemporary literature or digital media that could enrich the learning process and make it more engaging and relevant to today's students.

Mission constitutes a fundamental dimension of the Catholic Church’s identity, intrinsically linked to the divine mandate to participate in God’s work of salvation in the world. Within this framework, the consecrated life of the Congregation of the Missionary Sisters Servants of the Holy Spirit (SSpS) embodies a distinctive expression of Trinitarian spirituality and a prophetic missionary vocation. In the context of Timor Island, this charism is concretely manifested through ministries that directly engage with the realities of local communities. This study adopts a qualitative methodology with a literature review approach, drawing on theological sources, congregational spirituality, and the SSpS Constitution to explore the theological and practical dimensions of the sisters’ mission. The research aims to analyze how the life and apostolate of the SSpS Sisters serve as a tangible witness to the presence of the Triune God, particularly through works in education, healthcare, social services, and pastoral ministry. The findings indicate that the sisters’ mission is deeply rooted in a faith experience centered on the Most Holy Trinity, which shapes their incarnational and intercultural approach to ministry. Their service reflects a prophetic commitment to empowering marginalized communities, promoting human dignity, and fostering social transformation. Furthermore, the integration of religious vows with active engagement in societal issues illustrates a spirituality that bridges contemplation and action, grounded in both fidelity to the Gospel and responsiveness to contextual needs. In conclusion, the consecrated life of the SSpS Sisters on Timor Island stands as a visible and dynamic sign of God’s salvific and prophetic presence. Through their holistic and transformative ministries, they contribute significantly to the mission of the Church and the common good of society, embodying a vision of the “civilization of love” rooted in Trinitarian communion and expressed in concrete service to humanity.

In today's digital era, technological development is occurring rapidly and having a significant impact on various aspects of human life, including Islamic da'wah. The transformation of the spread of Islamic teachings in the digital age has become inevitable along with the rapid advancement of information technology, particularly with the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study aims to explore how AI is utilized in spreading Islamic values and analyze the accompanying ethical and theological challenges. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, which includes a review of scientific journals, articles, and contemporary Islamic documents. The results show that AI has been applied in various forms of digital da'wah. For example, Islamic chatbots that can automatically answer religious questions, prayer and other worship reminder applications, and Quran learning platforms equipped with voice recognition and tajweed recitation technology. Although innovative and promising, the use of AI in da'wah poses challenges, particularly the threat to authority over scientific knowledge, the validity of religious content, and the risk of dehumanization in the process of conveying Islamic teachings. Therefore, an adaptive yet ethical approach to Islamic preaching is needed, involving collaboration between religious scholars, academics, and technology experts. This approach must take into account the values of Islamic law, morality in digital communication, and sensitivity to the cultural context of Muslims. Thus, AI-based Islamic preaching can be an innovative solution for effectively reaching a wider audience, without sacrificing the essence and spirituality taught by Islam itself. Thus, AI-based Islamic preaching can be an innovative solution for effectively reaching a wider audience, without sacrificing the essence and spirituality taught by Islam itself. Going forward, a sustainable Islamic digital ecosystem needs to be built so that technology becomes not only a tool, but also a means of increasing faith and piety.

This study examines the phenomenon of the religious jargon “Go Berkah No Riba” (Go Blessed, No Interest) as a digital marketing communication strategy employed by entrepreneurs on social media, particularly Facebook. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and visual discourse analysis, this research seeks to understand how the jargon is interpreted, constructed, and widely disseminated in the context of product marketing and business opportunities. The findings indicate that “Go Berkah No Riba” functions not only as a marker of religious identity but also as a rhetorical device that combines spiritual values with aspirations for material success. Visual analysis of promotional materials, such as flyers and Facebook posts, reveals the use of hyperbolic language, symbolic imagery—such as the Kaaba and piles of money—and religious narratives designed to build credibility and persuade potential consumers. The integration of religious elements with economic appeal creates a sharia-compliant business image that simultaneously promises profitability. However, the study also uncovers ambiguity in the use of this jargon. On the one hand, it can strengthen the image of a business operating ethically according to Islamic principles. On the other hand, it risks being exploited merely as a marketing gimmick without a strong foundation in ethical business practices. This creates the potential for a gap between the religious message communicated and the actual business conduct. The findings underscore the importance of critical literacy in understanding religious communication strategies within the digital business sphere. Consistency between religious messaging and real-world business practices is crucial for maintaining consumer trust and avoiding the excessive commodification of religious values. Therefore, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of religion-based marketing communication in the era of digital transformation.

This study aims to examine in depth the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in shaping the character and ethics of students at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hikmah, Ciruas, Serang, Banten. Amidst the challenges of globalization and modernization that bring changes in values and behavior, PAI plays a strategic role in instilling moral, spiritual, and social values in students. Religious education not only teaches religious knowledge but also shapes attitudes, behaviors, and mindsets in accordance with Islamic teachings, enabling students to cope with diverse environmental influences. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Research informants consisted of PAI teachers, students, the principal, and homeroom teachers, thus obtaining a comprehensive picture of the implementation of PAI at the madrasah. The results show that PAI makes a significant contribution to the formation of student character, particularly in aspects of religiosity, discipline, responsibility, honesty, tolerance, and courtesy. Learning strategies used include habituating worship, teacher role models, enforcing school rules, and integrating Islamic values into all subjects. Additionally, extracurricular activities such as religious study groups, Islamic holiday commemorations, and Quran memorization programs are also effective tools for strengthening students' character. However, this study also identified several challenges, including low parental involvement in children's character development, negative environmental influences, and limited variety of learning methods. Therefore, synergy between madrasahs, families, and the community is needed to create an educational ecosystem that supports comprehensive and sustainable character development. Through this collaboration, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) is expected to provide a strong foundation for creating a generation with noble character and competitiveness in the modern era.

This research investigates the cultural significance of the transformation in the Ngaben ceremony, a central cremation ritual in Balinese Hindu tradition, focusing on the shift from traditional firewood-based methods to modern gas-based cremation practices. The Ngaben ceremony holds profound religious, philosophical, and social meaning, symbolizing the liberation of the soul from worldly ties and its journey to the afterlife. In recent decades, technological advancements and socio-environmental considerations have prompted many communities in Bali to adopt gas cremation systems, offering greater efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and lower operational costs. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, this study draws on in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to explore how this transition affects cultural meaning, community values, and religious interpretations. The research compares the symbolic elements embedded in traditional and modern methods, examining how changes in materials, process duration, and ceremonial aesthetics influence the perceived authenticity and spiritual significance of the ritual. Findings reveal that while some community members view the adoption of gas cremation as a pragmatic adaptation that aligns with contemporary needs, others express concern about the erosion of cultural heritage and the diminished role of traditional craftsmanship. Furthermore, the study highlights the adaptive strategies employed by Balinese Hindu communities to integrate modern technology while preserving essential spiritual values, such as maintaining ritual sequences, symbolic offerings, and priest-led prayers. The analysis underscores that cultural transformation within religious practices is not a simple replacement of old methods with new ones, but rather a process of negotiation between tradition and innovation. Ultimately, this research contributes to broader discussions on cultural resilience, religious continuity, and the dynamic interaction between technological change and sacred tradition in contemporary Balinese Hindu society.

This study aims to examine the strategic role of the Cieurih Community Health Center in increasing public awareness of healthy lifestyles, particularly in the Cipaku Sub-district. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, and documentation of program activities. The collected data were analyzed using three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with verification to ensure validity. The analysis focuses on three main dimensions of the Health Center’s role: (1) Interpersonal Role, which involves direct interaction with the community to build trust, encourage participation, and foster behavioral change; (2) Informational Role, which encompasses the dissemination of accurate health information, educational campaigns, and correction of misinformation; and (3) Decisional Role, which relates to planning, implementing, and evaluating health programs in response to local needs.The findings reveal that the Cieurih Community Health Center has made significant contributions to raising awareness and promoting healthy living practices through these roles. Initiatives such as health counseling, mobile clinic services, and collaborative activities with community leaders have shown positive influence. However, the study also identifies persistent challenges, including low levels of community participation, insufficient financial and human resources, and the strong influence of traditional cultural practices and misinformation that hinder optimal outcomes. To address these obstacles, adaptive strategies are necessary. Recommendations include the development of personalized approaches tailored to the socio-cultural context, the use of innovative communication methods such as social media and visual storytelling, and the strengthening of cross-sectoral collaboration with educational institutions, religious leaders, and local government agencies. These measures are expected to enhance community engagement, improve the accuracy and reach of health information, and sustain the long-term impact of health promotion programs.

In a global context marked by religious pluralism, secularization, and a crisis of faith identity, a theological understanding of God’s covenant with Abraham (Genesis 12:1–3) becomes increasingly significant. The rise of postmodern thought has weakened grand narratives, including the theological narrative of Christianity, leading to a fragmented understanding of faith. This study aims to explore the theological, spiritual, and social implications of the Abrahamic covenant using a contextual hermeneutical approach that engages with the current socio-religious realities of Indonesia.The covenant highlights God’s unilateral initiative, a structure of blessing that encompasses personal, national, and universal dimensions, and a call to faith that demands obedience amid uncertainty. Its relevance is evident in shaping the church’s identity as a covenant community, fostering a holistic missional paradigm, and cultivating a spirituality rooted in divine grace. In the Indonesian context, the principle of “blessed to be a blessing” challenges the church to engage actively in social transformation and interfaith dialogue.This study also examines the covenant’s contribution to the development of ecclesiology, missiology, and Christian ethics, while reaffirming the importance of a faith grounded in trust rather than certainty. Through interviews and literature review, the research offers a theologically reflective and contextually grounded perspective. The findings demonstrate that the Abrahamic covenant is not only a historical foundation of Christian faith but also a spiritual blueprint for the contemporary church to respond to the challenges of the age with obedience, courage, and an inclusive missional vision

Family conflicts triggered by inheritance distribution issues are a common phenomenon in society, primarily due to a lack of understanding of applicable inheritance laws, both according to Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia. This community service activity aims to provide inheritance law education to members of a religious study group in Medan Johor District as a preventative measure against potential family conflicts. Implementation methods included lectures, interactive discussions, and relevant case studies, with legal experts as resource persons. The results of the activity showed an increased understanding of the participants regarding the basic principles of inheritance law and the importance of open communication within families regarding the distribution of inheritance. This education is expected to be the first step in building legal awareness and realizing family harmony in the Medan Johor community.

This study aims to explore the concept of Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence and its role in developing high-quality human resources, with a specific focus on the implementation at SMAIT Ash-Shohwah Berau. Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence refers to a form of spiritual capacity derived from deep interaction with the Qur’an, encompassing the intelligence of the spirit, soul, heart, and moral consciousness. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach to provide an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers and students, participant observations during religious and academic activities, and documentation analysis of school programs. The findings reveal that the cultivation of Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence at SMAIT Ash-Shohwah Berau is systematically integrated into the school’s curriculum and extracurricular programs, particularly through the high-quality Tahfidzul Qur’an program, which is mandatory for all students. The process of memorizing the Qur’an is not only aimed at achieving mastery of verses but also at nurturing closeness to Allah SWT, shaping attitudes and values that form the foundation of high-quality human resources. Students participating in the program demonstrate notable improvements in discipline, responsibility, enthusiasm for learning, social competence, emotional regulation, honesty, independence, and leadership skills. Furthermore, the study highlights that Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence serves as a transformative element, influencing both academic achievement and personal character. It fosters an integrated development that balances intellectual capability with moral integrity, enabling students to contribute meaningfully to society. The results suggest that embedding Qur’anic Spiritual Intelligence in educational settings can be a strategic pathway for producing graduates who are not only academically competent but also spiritually grounded and socially responsible. This has significant implications for Islamic education institutions aiming to develop comprehensive human resources aligned with Qur’anic values and the demands of the modern world.

This study investigates the influence of job satisfaction on teacher performance at Omba Tana Rara Public School, a rural educational institution located in a geographically remote area with distinct contextual challenges. Despite the crucial role of teachers in shaping educational outcomes, limited research has explored how job satisfaction contributes to teacher performance in such isolated settings. Employing a quantitative approach, the research surveyed 32 teachers using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire designed to measure key dimensions of job satisfaction, including recognition, professional development, remuneration, interpersonal relationships, and work environment. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression to determine the statistical relationship between job satisfaction and teacher performance. The results revealed that job satisfaction has a significant and positive impact on teacher performance (β = 0.67; p < 0.01), indicating that increases in satisfaction levels are associated with higher levels of effectiveness and engagement among teachers. Among the satisfaction factors examined, recognition from leadership, opportunities for professional growth, and supportive working conditions were identified as dominant contributors to improved performance. The findings of this study contribute to filling the research gap concerning human resource issues in remote schools and offer practical insights for stakeholders in education. In particular, the study emphasizes the importance of designing context-specific strategies that prioritize teacher welfare as a means of boosting instructional quality and learning outcomes. It recommends policy interventions focused on enhancing intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction elements through improved school management practices. By highlighting the correlation between teacher satisfaction and performance, especially in rural and under-resourced areas, this research underscores the need for holistic human resource development in education. It advocates for a welfare-centered approach in managing and supporting teachers to ensure sustainable improvements in school effectiveness.

Adolescence is often regarded as a vulnerable and critical period, marked by the transition from childhood to adulthood. In today’s context, this phase is frequently described as a time of crisis due to the lack of proper guidance during personality formation. Teenagers require support and direction, particularly from their parents, to help navigate this stage. The family plays a crucial role in shaping behavior and is considered the primary institution responsible for preventing and addressing juvenile delinquency. A harmonious family life often reflects in the child’s behavior and interaction with the environment. When parents are actively involved in guiding and mentoring their children, adolescents are more likely to become positive role models. Deviant behavior among teenagers has become a pressing issue, especially considering that the youth are regarded as future assets for the nation, state, and religion. This study aims to: (1) Identify the factors that cause deviant behavior among teenagers in Kendayakan Village, Serang District; and (2) Explore the efforts made by parents to address such behavior. A qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed. Data were collected using three techniques: observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive methods. The findings reveal that deviant behavior among teenagers in Kendayakan Village is influenced by two main factors: (a) environmental factors, such as peer influence and lack of positive role models, and (b) individual factors, including emotional instability and lack of self-control. Meanwhile, the efforts made by parents include providing supervision, instilling discipline, offering advice and religious education, and collaborating with schools and community leaders. These efforts highlight the critical role of parental intervention in preventing and addressing adolescent deviance.

Moral education is the main pillar in shaping the character of children who have integrity, empathy, and have high moral awareness, especially in terms of filial devotion to parents. In the midst of the advancement of the times and the rapid development of technology, children face great challenges in maintaining noble moral values. The unstoppable flow of digital information often presents content that is contrary to family and religious values. Therefore, moral education is present as a systematic effort to instill good values in a sustainable and contextual manner with the development of the times. This study uses a library research approach to explore the role of moral education in shaping the character of children who are devoted to their parents. Data sources are collected from scientific journals, textbooks, and current academic articles relevant to the theme. The results of the study show that the formation of filial character is greatly influenced by the example of parents and teachers, habituation of positive behaviors such as good manners, worship together, and affectionate communication. In addition, the integration of moral values in the school environment, explicit curriculum policy support for character education, and the wise use of digital media are important factors in supporting the success of moral education. Furthermore, strengthening the school culture and the active involvement of the community in internalizing moral values also strengthen the moral education process. This study concludes that moral education cannot run in isolation, but must be the result of synergy between family, school, and community. Thus, children not only grow up as intellectually intelligent individuals, but also have emotional and spiritual intelligence that reflects an attitude of respect and love for parents. Strong moral education from an early age is a long-term investment for the formation of a generation with noble character.

Globalization has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the realm of religion, particularly in the field of hadith interpretation. For centuries, hadith interpretation was based on historical context, established scientific methods, and the authority of scholars as the primary reference. However, the rapid and geographically boundless connection of Muslims worldwide has brought new and complex challenges. These changes have not only affected the way scholars and historians understand classical texts but have also expanded the space for discussion into the public sphere through digital technology. This research aims to examine in depth how globalization influences the process of hadith interpretation in the contemporary era. The focus of the study includes changes in methodological approaches to interpretation, shifts in understanding of classical texts, and the influence of cross-cultural interactions and the development of digital media on shaping more pluralistic religious perspectives. The rapid flow of information enables the exchange of views across countries, schools of thought, and cultures, creating opportunities for enriching insight, but also potentially giving rise to interpretations that deviate from traditional principles. The results of this research are expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the positive and negative impacts of globalization on hadith interpretation. On the positive side, globalization can facilitate access to literature, encourage interfaith dialogue, and revitalize the Islamic intellectual tradition on a global scale. However, on the negative side, globalization also risks the desires of scholarly authorities, giving rise to instant interpretations without a strong methodology, and increasing the potential for conflicting understandings. These findings are expected to be relevant for understanding contemporary social, cultural, and political dynamics, as well as contributing to efforts to construct contextual interpretations of hadith while remaining anchored in solid scientific principles.

The moral crisis and low religious understanding among the younger generation pose a major challenge in shaping national character based on Islamic values. This phenomenon is increasingly complex amidst the rapid flow of globalization and technological advances that have led to individualistic, materialistic lifestyles far from the principles of Islamic law. In this context, religious education plays a central role as a moral and spiritual bulwark. This study aims to determine the role of Madrasah Diniyah (Islamic religious schools) in improving the mastery of Islamic religious knowledge and shaping the Islamic personality (syakhsiyah Islamiyyah) of students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at one of the Madrasah diniyah. The focus of the study is directed at the learning process covering the Qur'an, aqidah, fiqh, and morals, and how this process contributes to the formation of Islamic character in students. The results show that Madrasah Diniyah plays a strategic and significant role in shaping a generation that not only understands religious knowledge but is also able to implement Islamic values in everyday life. This success is supported by several factors, including the quality of competent and exemplary teachers, a structured and contextual curriculum, and good interpersonal relationships between teachers and students. Furthermore, support from parents and the surrounding community is also crucial in strengthening the internalization of Islamic values. Thus, Islamic schools (madrasah diniyah) can function as a vital partner in the Islamic education system, developing a generation with character, noble morals, and a commitment to Islamic teachings from an early age. These findings reinforce the urgency of strengthening religious educational institutions amidst the challenges of the times.

This study explores the role of Hadith as a foundation for instilling the values of religious tolerance, with a focus on shaping the awareness of Generation Z in the contemporary era of technology and globalization. The Qur'an and the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad SAW emphasize respect for religious diversity and firmly prohibit intolerance, offering a strong theological basis for promoting harmonious coexistence. As a digitally active generation, Gen Z possesses significant potential to disseminate tolerance values through online platforms. Nevertheless, they face challenges such as disinformation, hate speech, and the spread of distorted religious interpretations, which may hinder the cultivation of inclusive attitudes. This research highlights that the integration of tolerance values requires methods aligned with Gen Z’s characteristics, including interactive discussions, the strategic use of social media, and educational approaches rooted in prophetic principles. By adopting such methods, religious teachings can be contextualized in a manner that resonates with Gen Z’s communication styles and digital literacy levels. The study employs a qualitative literature review to analyze relevant Hadith texts, their interpretations, and contemporary strategies for value transmission. The findings suggest that a combination of religious education, digital engagement, and community-based initiatives can effectively foster interfaith understanding and reduce intolerance among youth. Ultimately, this research offers a practical framework for educators, religious leaders, and policymakers to strengthen inter-religious tolerance by enhancing the comprehension and application of Hadith in addressing the unique challenges of the digital era.

Arabic language proficiency, a key element in Islamic religious education, requires adequate learning resources. One innovation that contributes to the learning process is the use of a digital Arabic-Indonesian dictionary. This study aims to identify the extent to which students utilize digital dictionaries and their impact on Arabic language learning. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach through data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. Participants included students enrolled in the Arabic Language Education study program from the 2010 intake, lecturers teaching Arabic, and data on the use of digital dictionary applications. The study findings indicate that most students prefer using digital dictionaries due to their ease of access and comprehensive features, such as instant word search and examples of word usage in context. Students perceive digital dictionaries as more practical and efficient, especially for quickly searching for word meanings, which is very helpful in the intensive Arabic language learning process. However, several obstacles also arise, including low digital literacy among some students and limited internet access in some locations. On the other hand, lecturers at the Al-Zaytun Islamic Institute in Indonesia continue to encourage the use of printed dictionaries to train students' accuracy in searching for meanings, especially so that they do not rely solely on technology. Overall, the use of digital dictionaries has been proven to positively contribute to improving Arabic comprehension and sentence structure, making them an effective and relevant alternative learning resource in the digital age. The use of digital Arabic-Indonesian dictionaries also makes it easier for students to learn technical terms frequently used in academic and religious texts.

This study discusses the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to improve critical thinking in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMP Negeri 1 Bantarsari. The focus of this research is on the planning and implementation of the PBL model to improve students' critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe in depth how the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model can contribute to improving students' critical thinking skills in the context of PAI learning. This type of research is a field research with a qualitative approach and is presented descriptively. The data collection techniques used include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. This research was conducted directly in the school environment so as to produce actual and contextual empirical data. The results of the study show that teachers have designed learning well through the preparation of teaching modules as guidelines. The implementation of learning is carried out in three main stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. At the implementation stage, the PBL model is applied through five steps: (1) orientation to the problem, (2) organizing students to learn, (3) individual and group investigations, (4) presentation of discussion results, and (5) reflection on learning outcomes. Evaluation is carried out on an ongoing basis both during the learning process and at the end of the activity. The application of this Problem Based Learning model has proven to be effective in increasing students' critical thinking. Students show improved ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems relevant to PAI material. In addition, students also become more active, independent, and used to expressing opinions in group discussions. Interaction between students increases positively, creating a collaborative and participatory learning environment. This indicates that the use of the PBL model can be the right strategy in developing students' critical thinking skills at the junior secondary education level.