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Doctrine of the church in the context of ecclesiology, focusing on several important aspects. First, the definition of church doctrine is explained as the study of the identity, function, and role of the church as the body of Christ, emphasizing that the church is not merely a physical building, but a community of believers united in faith. Next, the history and development of the church are outlined, demonstrating how the church has adapted to various challenges and social changes, including the emergence of different denominations that contribute to the understanding of ecclesiology today. The discussion also highlights the importance of doctrine for the spiritual life of the congregation, where doctrine serves as a theological foundation that influences faith growth, the formation of Christian character, and provides relevant moral guidance. Additionally, this paper identifies the challenges faced by the church in the modern era, such as secularism, religious pluralism, and social change, which require the church to remain relevant and responsive to contemporary issues.

Doctrine of the church in the context of ecclesiology, focusing on several important aspects. First, the definition of church doctrine is explained as the study of the identity, function, and role of the church as the body of Christ, emphasizing that the church is not merely a physical building, but a community of believers united in faith. Next, the history and development of the church are outlined, demonstrating how the church has adapted to various challenges and social changes, including the emergence of different denominations that contribute to the understanding of ecclesiology today. The discussion also highlights the importance of doctrine for the spiritual life of the congregation, where doctrine serves as a theological foundation that influences faith growth, the formation of Christian character, and provides relevant moral guidance. Additionally, this paper identifies the challenges faced by the church in the modern era, such as secularism, religious pluralism, and social change, which require the church to remain relevant and responsive to contemporary issues.

Service quality and online promotion play a crucial role in influencing customer satisfaction. Their application extends beyond merely boosting sales volume; they are also essential in observing customer behavior and fulfilling their needs by understanding the types and qualities of services that customers desire. This study aims to investigate the impact of service quality and online promotion on customer satisfaction at PT. Tirta Asasta Depok (PERSERODA). The research methodology utilized is quantitative statistical analysis. The population for this study comprises the customers of PT. Tirta Asasta Depok (PERSERODA). Data collection methods include interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and observation, with the primary data collection being done through questionnaires. Data processing is conducted using SPSS 16.0 software with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results indicate that service quality significantly influences customer satisfaction and that online promotion also has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, both service quality and online promotion together have a simultaneous and significant impact on customer satisfaction.

The doctrine of Christ or Christology is the core part of Christian teaching that studies the person and work of Jesus Christ. As the core of the Christian faith, Christology discusses who Jesus is, both in His divinity as the Son of God and in His humanity who was present in the world to atone for human sins. A correct understanding of Christology is very important because it influences how Christians understand salvation, the sacrifice on the cross, and the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. However, in an increasingly modern and pluralistic era, this doctrine often faces quite complex challenges.

This study, utilizing MindMeister, aims to examine the impact of using the mind mapping technique on the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell the content of a narrative text they have read. The research population consisted of 172 7th-grade students, with a sample size of 56 students divided into two groups: a control class and an experimental class, each comprising 28 students. The research employed a quantitative method with a true experimental design. The research instrument was a performance test, and the data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the results, the average score of students’ ability to narrate the content of a narrative text using the close reading technique was 62.21, with a standard deviation of 6.33, which falls into the “poor” category. Meanwhile, the students’ ability to retell the narrative text using the mind mapping technique with the assistance of MindMeister was 80.07, categorized as “good,” with a standard deviation of 5.48. The data indicated an improvement in the average scores between the control class, which used the intensive reading technique, and the experimental class, which applied the mind mapping technique. Through hypothesis testing, it was found that Thitung > Ttabel, thus rejecting H0 and accepting H1. This means that the use of the mind mapping technique with the help of MindMeister positively influences the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell narrative texts.

This study, utilizing MindMeister, aims to examine the impact of using the mind mapping technique on the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell the content of a narrative text they have read. The research population consisted of 172 7th-grade students, with a sample size of 56 students divided into two groups: a control class and an experimental class, each comprising 28 students. The research employed a quantitative method with a true experimental design. The research instrument was a performance test, and the data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the results, the average score of students’ ability to narrate the content of a narrative text using the close reading technique was 62.21, with a standard deviation of 6.33, which falls into the “poor” category. Meanwhile, the students’ ability to retell the narrative text using the mind mapping technique with the assistance of MindMeister was 80.07, categorized as “good,” with a standard deviation of 5.48. The data indicated an improvement in the average scores between the control class, which used the intensive reading technique, and the experimental class, which applied the mind mapping technique. Through hypothesis testing, it was found that Thitung > Ttabel, thus rejecting H0 and accepting H1. This means that the use of the mind mapping technique with the help of MindMeister positively influences the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell narrative texts.

The aim of the study is to delve into the disclosure of future financial statements and its reflection on the sustainability of the banking sector by extrapolating and reporting the pillars of banking sustainability. It adopting a mechanism at a high level in the country to promote data technology and increase support for its resources in order to provide an appropriate structure for the development of the banking and financial sector by providing appropriate information at the right time and expanding the preparation of future studies and research and linking them to many variables that are considered influences faced by the Iraqi financial market in the contemporary business environment for providing a suitable environment in the capital market by supporting the banking and financial sector by means of modern technology and obliging companies within the sectors. The study's goal was accomplished by using the content analysis method for the annual reports of banking units listed in the Iraqi financial market for the years 2020–2023. This was done after developing an indicator to gauge future financial statements' level of disclosure in compliance with the Iraqi Financial Market Law and the disclosure guidelines issued in accordance with it, as well as the fact that the index is being used in the country for the first time. The study draws several conclusions, the most important of which being that , One of the most notable recommendations reached by the study is to require the banking units listed in the Iraqi financial market to display future financial statements in order to ensure the achievement of sustainability supporting the banking sector within the annual reports. The level of disclosure of future financial statements varied in the financial reports of the banking units listed in the Iraqi financial market, where the average disclosure was high with a positive moral relationship to the market financial value.

The Nias tribe generally chooses urban areas as a place to migrate because the city symbolizes dynamism and is the center of all progress. People who decide to migrate must determine the right destination area.  The people of Nias migrate to an area or leave their area for several reasons. Firstly, economic reasons, the difficulty of meeting living needs in their hometown is one of the factors that most influences the migration activities carried out by the people of Nias. Secondly, there is a social reason, there is an opinion that people who migrate to the other side are considered to have broader experience/insight, have a lot of wealth and money. Third, family reasons, the people of Nias migrate because they already have or have had family members or friends who have migrated first. In this research, researchers focused on the economic adaptation strategies of Nias migrants who migrated to Tarutung sub-district. The researcher chose the title of this research to find out how Nias migrants adapt to the economy in Tarutung. Researchers chose to conduct research on economic adaptation strategies for Nias migrants in Tarutung because the economy is a fundamental aspect of human life, including migrants. The type of research used in this research is qualitative approach research. Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior.

The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of theology study program students on healthy dating based on Christian ethics. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through observation and interviews with eight theology study program students from 2020-2021. The results of the study showed that students have three main views related to the foundations of healthy dating, namely: Good communication, mutual respect, and maintaining bodily purity. Based on interviews with eight students, it was found that these three perspectives are very important in building harmonious relationships and in accordance with dating ethics. However, students face challenges in maintaining healthy relationships, including environmental influences, temptations of lust, and unclear goals in relationships. For this reason, the application of boundaries and education regarding healthy dating is very necessary to help students understand and live relationships that are in accordance with Christian values. This study is expected to contribute to instilling ethical dating values ​​among theology students.

The decline in the marriage rate in Indonesia in the last decade is a complex phenomenon with many interrelated causes. The institution of marriage, once a strong tradition binding two individuals in a commitment to live together, has undergone significant changes in recent decades. The latest data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows a decreasing trend in the marriage rate nationally. In 2023, there will only be 1,577,255 marriages recorded in Indonesia, a decrease of 128,000 from the previous year. During the last decade, the marriage rate experienced a significant decline of 28.63 percent. In-depth research highlights the socio-economic factors, changes in mentality, and the influence of online mass media, especially social media, that play a role in this change. The influence of online mass media, particularly social media, is also a factor that cannot be ignored in understanding changing attitudes towards the institution of marriage. Social media has broadened access to information and facilitated communication between individuals in unprecedented ways. Not only does this change the way individuals interact and form relationships, but it also influences perceptions of traditional values such as marriage.

Indonesia, known for its diverse traditions and cultures, provides an interesting example of unity amidst diversity. This research explores the profound impact of culture on individual identity and societal development. By analyzing the evolution of Indonesian culture, from traditional practices to modern influences, we uncover the challenges faced due to globalization and the importance of cultural preservation. The research emphasizes the need for collaboration in protecting Indonesia's cultural heritage, highlighting the role of education, awareness, and government policy in keeping valuable traditions alive.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the sociological, psychological, and rational behaviors of retired members of the Indonesian Army (TNI AD) towards their presidential choices in the 2024 general elections in Kupang City. By focusing on these three behavioral aspects, the research seeks to uncover how these factors influence the political decisions of retired TNI AD personnel when determining their presidential candidate preferences. The research employs a quantitative approach, collecting data through questionnaires distributed to retired TNI AD respondents. Data analysis is conducted using the chi-square technique to evaluate the significant relationships between the sociological, psychological, and rational behaviors and presidential choices. The study involves a sample of respondents representing the retired TNI AD population in Kupang City. The analysis results indicate a significant relationship between the sociological, psychological, and rational behaviors of retired TNI AD personnel and their presidential choices in the 2024 elections. Sociological behavior, which includes ethnic identity and social involvement, significantly affects political preferences, while psychological behavior related to emotional closeness to supporting parties also shows a noteworthy impact. Additionally, rational behavior, which assesses the alignment of candidates' programs with voters' needs, influences decisions, highlighting the importance of these three aspects in the electoral choices of retired TNI AD personnel.

The advancement of technology and changes in lifestyle have become triggers for deviant behavior, potentially causing mental health issues. Mental health is an increasingly crucial aspect of societal well-being. Optimal mental health impacts individuals' awareness of their potential, their ability to manage life pressures stably, productive performance in work, and active participation in community life. The negative stigma in society towards individuals with mental disorders further exacerbates the number of affected individuals. In Indonesia, this issue is gaining more attention due to its impact on the quality of life for individuals and society as a whole. Mental disorders necessitate a holistic and innovative approach to rehabilitation efforts. Therefore, it is essential to establish specialized rehabilitation centers for individuals with mental disorders, providing support in both physical and mental recovery processes. Well-designed and functional spaces play a key role in enhancing the psychological well-being of individuals, creating an environment that is safe, comfortable, and preserves privacy. By adopting the Behavioral Architecture approach in design, it is expected to create an environment that meets the needs of patients and positively influences the behavior, perceptions, and feelings of everyone involved in the activities.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the implementation of pastoral care in the church for congregations grieving due to death, and to understand the extent to which the congregation's understanding of the religious concept of death influences the way pastoral care is implemented and its impact on the grieving process. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. This study also aims to identify practical challenges faced in the implementation of pastoral care, especially in situations of sudden or complex death. The results of the study indicate that pastoral care in GKPPD Lae Salak needs to be improved in terms of the skills and knowledge of pastoral care workers in order to provide more effective support. This study provides benefits by providing input for the church to improve its pastoral care strategy.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional model that utilizes problems as a starting point for acquiring and integrating new knowledge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on improving students' learning outcomes on the topic of light properties in eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Karanganyar during the 2022/2023 academic year. This research employed a quasi-experimental approach using a Randomized Control-Group Posttest-Only Design. Data collection methods included the administration of questionnaires, pretests and posttests, and oral interviews. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model significantly influences students' learning outcomes on the topic of light properties. This is indicated by the t-test results, where tcount = 2.064 and ttable = 2.006 with df = 52. Since tcount > ttable (2.064 > 2.006), the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. These findings demonstrate that the Problem-Based Learning model has a significant positive effect on students' learning outcomes in the topic of light properties among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Karanganyar during the 2022/2023 academic year.

This narrative literature review examines the role of entrepreneurial leadership in Indonesian higher education as a strategic approach to enhancing human resource quality and national competitiveness. Amid rapid changes in the higher education landscape, entrepreneurial leadership emerges as a critical framework that integrates innovation, visionary thinking, calculated risk-taking, and collaborative governance. This leadership style fosters an institutional culture that encourages creativity, flexibility, and continuous improvement among faculty and students, aligning educational outcomes with labor market demands. The review synthesizes current research on how entrepreneurial leadership influences institutional strength, academic quality, and socio-economic development through partnerships involving universities, government, industry, and communities. It highlights challenges such as low entrepreneurial motivation among business students and the need for integrating practical entrepreneurial education effectively. Furthermore, digital transformation and internationalization are identified as key enablers for cultivating entrepreneurial mindsets and skills. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive policies, stakeholder engagement, and contextualized educational programs to support entrepreneurial ecosystems in higher education. Ultimately, fostering entrepreneurial leadership is essential for preparing graduates equipped with critical thinking, project management, and communication skills, thereby contributing to sustainable economic growth and innovation in Indonesia.

This study investigates the pragmatic strategies employed in digital communication, specifically within social media platforms. As the use of social media continues to rise, understanding how users navigate language and meaning in these contexts becomes increasingly vital. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research analyzes user interactions on platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook to identify key pragmatic strategies, including politeness, implicature, and contextual cues. The findings reveal that social media users employ diverse strategies to convey messages effectively in an environment characterized by brevity and immediacy. Additionally, the research highlights significant cultural influences on language use, showcasing variations in communication styles, humour, and politeness norms across different cultural backgrounds. These insights underscore the importance of cultural awareness in fostering effective cross-cultural communication. Ultimately, this research contributes to the field of pragmatics by enhancing our understanding of the interplay between language, culture, and digital communication. The study also offers practical recommendations for social media users to improve their communication effectiveness, facilitating more respectful and meaningful interactions in the digital space. As digital communication evolves, further exploration of emerging trends and challenges in this area is essential for adapting to the dynamic landscape of human interaction.

Leadership as an important aspect that influences a person's behavior specifically in the relationship between the leader and the person being led. Servant leadership implied by the pastor as the leader of the congregation through guidance, direction and encouragement given, has an effect on increasing the spirituality of the congregation. The training activity uses a presentation method, starting with the presentation of material to explain various things related to spiritual leadership in moving the organization. The method used is question and answer and sharing with participants about various things related to spiritual leadership. Training Implementation Time The training was carried out online on August 30, 2024. Participants in the Training for Prospective Pastors were 26 people. The participants' understanding and knowledge of servant leadership increased in the sense that the participants' knowledge increased after participating in the training, this was evidenced by the results of interviews with participants, 90% of participants said that their knowledge and insight increased after participating in the training. Participants said they practiced servant leadership so that leadership was successful effectively and efficiently. Thus, this training is said to be successful because it provides increased knowledge and insight to participants about something that participants need in running an organization, namely servant leadership.

Drug use among teenager is increasing, teenagers or early adulthood are very liable (vulnerable) to negative influences from the surrounding environment, including invitations to try drugs. The effects of drug use are not only physical, but will also have an impact on the behavior and emotions of the user. The aim of holding this socialization activity to prevent drug abuse is to provide comprehensive education in the school environment, because educational institutions are one of the places where teenagers spend most of their time. The method used for socialization at MTS/MA Miftahul Ulum is an interactive lecture and discussion method, with material presented in the Microsoft Word Power Point (PPT) application. The socialization was carried out in a conducive and focused manner, and received a positive response from the school, and students were seen to have begun to understand and realize the dangerous effects of using drugs.

The aim is to determine the significant influence of Service and Profit Sharing Ratio on Customer Saving Interest at Bank SUMUT KCPSy Panyabungan. This research uses a quantitative description method. Sampling was taken using a simple random sampling technique, by distributing questionnaires directly to 98 respondents. With the help of SPSS version 25. The research results are based on SPSS calculations that service influences customers' interest in saving. This is proven by the calculated t value being greater than the t table, namely: (2,329 > 1.895) with a significant value of 0.022 < 0.05, and the profit sharing ratio influences customers' interest in saving. This is proven by the calculated t value being greater than the t table, namely: (2.258 > 1.895) with a significance value of 0.026 < 0.05, then it can be concluded that the Profit Sharing Ratio (X2) variable has a positive and significant effect on the customer's interest in saving variable. (Y). This is proven by the calculated F value of 5.654 > 3.092, a significant value of 0.005 < 0.05.