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Covenant Theology is a systematic approach to understanding the Bible that is based on the structure of the covenants God established with His people. It interprets the overall narrative of Scripture as a series of divine interactions built through three main covenants: Covenant of Salvation, Covenant of Works, and Covenant of Grace. Beginning with God's initiative to bind Himself to humanity, covenants form the basis for redemptive relationships and communicate His will in salvation history. This covenant history includes covenants with figures such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, and Moses, and their fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who is at the center of the New Testament. In the Reformed context, Covenant Theology explains the role of the Triune God in the work of salvation and forms the foundation for important doctrines such as salvation by grace, the sacraments, and the life of the believer. As such, Covenant Theology provides a holistic framework for understanding the biblical narrative as the consistent and loving unity of God to His chosen people.

Family counseling is a strategic approach to helping family members overcome various issues that disrupt family harmony and functionality. In the Indonesian context, family counseling cannot be separated from the influence of distinctive local cultural values such as kinship, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), respect for elders, and the strong presence of religious and customary norms. Indonesian culture, which is predominantly collectivist and hierarchical, places the family as the central social institution that shapes individual identity and behavior. Therefore, it is essential for counselors to understand the diverse family structures present in Indonesia, ranging from patriarchal and matrilineal systems (such as in Minangkabau) to more egalitarian modern families. Culturally-based family counseling in Indonesia not only focuses on resolving interpersonal conflicts within the family but also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social harmony and protecting the family’s reputation in the community. In Indonesian society, conflict resolution is often carried out through deliberation (musyawarah) and involves third parties such as community elders, religious leaders, or respected senior family members. This highlights the need for family counselors in Indonesia to possess intercultural competence and a deep understanding of prevailing social norms. Moreover, religiosity plays a significant role in shaping values, attitudes, and decision-making within families. Counseling approaches that neglect the spiritual and cultural dimensions are often perceived as irrelevant or ineffective. Thus, integrating Western psychological theories with local values is crucial for family counseling to be both effective and contextually appropriate. This article explores the importance of culturally grounded family counseling in Indonesia by emphasizing key principles such as local wisdom, togetherness, deliberation, and harmony as the foundation for intervention strategies. By understanding the complexities of Indonesia’s pluralistic culture, family counseling can become a powerful tool to rebuild healthy, sustainable relationships and support the development of a more emotionally and socially harmonious society.  

Lack of focus in early childhood is a major concern in the world of education and parenting. Focus is a cognitive skill that is very important for children's academic and social development. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause lack of focus in early childhood and develop strategies for dealing with it. These factors can be grouped into internal, external, and social factors. Through this approach, it is hoped that effective solutions can be found to improve children's ability to focus. Various studies have shown that lack of focus in early childhood can have a negative impact on their academic achievement and social relationships in the future. Therefore, it is important to understand the causes and implement appropriate handling strategies.

This research aims to analyze language variation, especially dialect, in the film Catatan Menantu Sinting and its influence on communication and relationships between characters in the family. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with documentation techniques to observe the characters' conversations in the movie that contain dialect variations. The focus of the research is on the difference in dialect between the son-in-law character who uses standard Indonesian and the mother-in-law character who uses Minang dialect, as well as its impact on social and cultural relationships between family members. The results show that the use of dialect in this film serves as a tool to illustrate the differences in social status, education, and cultural identity of the characters, as well as enrich their characterization. Besides that, dialect variations also affect the dynamics of communication in the family, by creating tension or closeness between characters. The use of code switching between formal language and local dialect also illustrates social adaptation and attempts to create familiarity in family relationships. Overall, this study reveals that dialect not only functions as a tool of communication, but also as a reinforcement of characterization and social dynamics in films.

The urgency of updating the approach in handling minor crimes is increasingly relevant amidst society's demands for a more just and humane legal system. This article aims to examine the concept of restorative justice as an alternative for resolving minor crimes and assess its relevance to the social justice agenda in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data was collected through literature studies, policy documentation, and in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials and community figures. The research results show that restorative justice is able to be a more efficient, inclusive and solution mechanism than the retributive approach, by prioritizing the restoration of relationships between perpetrators, victims and society. These findings strengthen restorative legal theory and provide a real contribution to the discourse on criminal law reform based on local values ​​and social justice. In conclusion, the implementation of restorative justice has great potential to strengthen social cohesion and build a more responsive and participatory legal system. This research recommends the need to strengthen regulations and training of officials to overcome obstacles in their implementation, as well as opening up space for further exploration in a broader context.

This study aims to describe and analyze the moral values ​​contained in the short story “Towel Kumal Kang Gudhal” by Ribut Acahwadi. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The main data source comes from the short story which was published in the online media Ruang Sastra on June 18, 2023. Data collection techniques were carried out through reading activities, recording, and literature studies. To ensure the validity of the data, data and theory triangulation methods were used. The data analysis process includes four stages, namely data collection, identification, data reduction, and drawing and verifying conclusions. The results of the analysis show that this short story contains three forms of moral values, namely: 1) morals related to human relationships with themselves, such as patience, responsibility, and honesty; 2) morals concerning relationships between humans, such as caring and respect; and 3) morals related to human relationships with God, which are reflected through spiritual beliefs and beliefs.

Ethics plays a vital role in the philosophy of education, serving as a moral foundation that guides both the aims and processes of education. Education is not solely concerned with the acquisition of knowledge, but also with the development of students' character. In this regard, ethics provides a framework of values that directs the relationships between educators and learners in a humane and dignified manner. An ethical foundation in educational philosophy encourages critical reflection on educational practices and policies. Values such as justice, responsibility, and empathy serve as essential principles in creating a conducive and fair learning environment for all stakeholders. Without ethics, education risks becoming mechanistic and unresponsive to social and human needs. Educators, as moral agents, are expected not only to deliver knowledge but also to exemplify ethical behavior in their daily lives. Therefore, ethical education must begin with the training of future teachers, equipping them to nurture a generation that is not only intellectually capable but also morally wise. In this way, ethics in the philosophy of education becomes a central pillar in building a civilized and character-driven society. 65% of teachers consider teaching hours insufficient, 42% of schools do not have a structured cultural program, 78% of bullying cases occur due to weak supervision.

The rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia makes good data management very important. If the data presented is inaccurate or irrelevant, this can make consumers feel dissatisfied, and even lose trust in the platform. This study aims to see the extent to which data quality affects consumer trust and satisfaction on e-commerce platforms. The method used in this research is a literature study, namely by collecting and reviewing various scientific sources such as journals, books, and articles that discuss e-commerce, data quality, and consumer behavior. This study does not use field data, but focuses on the discussion of relevant previous studies. The results of the study show that good data quality such as accurate, complete, and appropriate data for consumer needs can increase user trust and satisfaction. Therefore, e-commerce platforms need to pay attention to good and transparent data management in order to maintain long-term relationships with their customers.

Local fashion brands in Indonesia are increasingly favored by consumers due to their affordable prices and competitive quality compared to imported products. A key strategy for gaining market share is digital marketing, especially through TikTok. This study analyzes the sales growth strategy of Arkline, a local fashion brand that successfully utilizes TikTok for marketing. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from official digital sources. The findings reveal that TikTok is highly effective in reaching Gen Z, who prefer visual and interactive content. Arkline's strategies include creating trend-based videos, engaging with audiences via TikTok Live, and collaborating with popular influencers. These efforts enhance brand awareness, strengthen audience engagement, and drive purchase decisions. The TikTok Shop feature also facilitates in-app purchases, leading to higher sales conversions. Overall, TikTok proves to be a powerful marketing tool for Arkline in building closer relationships with consumers, expanding market reach, and boosting competitiveness. With adaptive strategies aligned with digital trends, local brands can fully leverage TikTok’s potential in the evolving fashion industry.

Honesty is a very important trait in Islam and is also one of the characteristics that every Muslim should possess. Honesty means telling the truth as it really is and not lying, either in word or in action. In Islam, honesty is considered one of the most noble and praiseworthy traits. Allah SWT says in the Qur'an, “If you speak, then speak truthfully, even if it hurts.” (QS. Al-Ahzab: 70). Honesty has many benefits, both in personal life and in social life. With honesty, we can build trust and good relationships with others, and maintain our integrity and dignity.  Due to the rapid development of technology and relationships spread all over the world, there is a tendency to ignore fairness to achieve personal goals or ignore honesty to gain quick profits. Under these circumstances, the values of fairness and honesty found in the Qur'an become more necessary to implement in life. By using a thematic approach to related verses.  This research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of honesty in the context of Al-Qur'an interpretation.  

This research analyzes the strategies and collaboration between guidance and counseling teachers and homeroom teachers in addressing problematic students at SMP Negeri 4 Medan. The background of this study highlights the importance of guidance and counseling services in supporting students’ personal and social development, especially during the critical transition period in junior high school. However, the implementation of these services often encounters obstacles such as negative perceptions, lack of formal guidelines, and professional challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, observations, and documentation, the research reveals that effective strategies include building positive relationships, early detection, preventive and curative interventions, and open communication with parents. The synergy between guidance and counseling teachers and homeroom teachers, through regular information exchange and coordinated intervention planning, significantly improves the management of problematic students. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited time, differences in role perceptions, and lack of structured communication forums still hinder optimal collaboration. The study concludes that comprehensive and coordinated collaboration is essential for effective management of student problems in schools.

This study investigates the influence of service quality, trust, and commitment on member loyalty in Women’s Cooperatives in Jember Regency, Indonesia. Amid increasing competition from financial institutions and a declining number of active cooperatives, member loyalty has become a critical factor for sustainability. Drawing upon the Key Mediating Variable (KMV) model and relationship marketing theory, this research highlights how service quality and trust shape long-term cooperative-member relationships. The study also explores the unique role of commitment in fostering member retention in a cooperative context driven by social empowerment and collective welfare. Findings from previous literature underscore the positive and significant effects of service quality and trust on loyalty, while commitment shows varied influence. The paper emphasizes the necessity for cooperatives to maintain high service standards and build strong emotional ties with members. This approach is essential for sustaining member engagement and positioning women’s cooperatives as agents of local economic development and female empowerment.

This study aims to analyze the forms and functions of deixis in the novel Drama Vendetta by Intanera. The focus of the research includes five types of deixis: personal, spatial (place), temporal (time), social, and discourse deixis. Personal deixis is used to reveal the identities of characters and the relationships between speaker and listener within the narrative. Spatial deixis indicates locations that are emotionally and narratively significant to the characters, while temporal deixis reflects shifts between past, present, and future that shape the story’s emotional and structural flow. Social deixis highlights status differences, emotional distance, and levels of formality in character interactions. Meanwhile, discourse deixis serves to maintain cohesion and continuity within the text by referring to elements mentioned elsewhere in the narrative. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through reading and note-taking techniques. The findings show that Intanera uses various types of deixis strategically to enrich narrative structure, express psychological conflict, and establish social relationships and emotional meaning throughout the novel. This study is expected to contribute to the fields of pragmatic linguistics and discourse analysis in literary texts.

Effective communication plays a central role in building and maintaining harmonious relationships in various aspects of life, both in family, friendship, and professional environments. This article comprehensively discusses how effective communication is not just an exchange of information, but also involves elements of active listening, clarity in delivering messages, empathy, and openness between individuals. Through effective communication, individuals can strengthen their understanding of each other, build mutual trust, and create an environment full of respect, so that the potential for conflict can be minimized and cooperation can be improved. Research and literature show that effective communication can improve the quality of interpersonal relationships by strengthening emotional bonds, fostering empathy, and strengthening mutual understanding. In an organizational context, good communication contributes to increased productivity, job satisfaction, and the creation of a positive work culture. Meanwhile, in personal relationships, effective communication is key to building trust, reducing misunderstandings, and strengthening emotional bonds between partners and family members. The effectiveness of communication is influenced by various factors, such as listening skills, openness, cultural differences, and social background. Therefore, efforts are needed to continue to develop communication skills, such as speaking politely, honing language skills, and being active in social environments. In conclusion, effective communication is the main foundation in creating harmonious and sustainable relationships, and is an important capital for individuals to make positive contributions to society.    

Every human being inherently has the hope of living a normal and prosperous life, both physically and psychologically. However, in reality, not all individuals are born with complete physical abilities. Some are born with physical disabilities that limit their ability to perform daily activities. This condition often gives rise to various challenges, especially in the social sphere, as faced by individuals with physical disabilities (tuna daksa). This study aims to examine the relationship between self-esteem and social support with the psychological well-being of persons with physical disabilities in West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The research method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. The population consisted of 37 individuals with physical disabilities, and the total sampling technique was employed. Data collection was conducted using three psychological scales: the psychological well-being scale, the self-esteem scale, and the social support scale. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that self-esteem and social support simultaneously had a significant relationship with psychological well-being. Partially, both self-esteem and social support were also found to have significant relationships with psychological well-being. This indicates that psychological well-being in individuals with physical disabilities is influenced by internal factors such as self-esteem, as well as external factors such as social support. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for the development of appropriate psychological and social interventions to improve the quality of life of persons with physical disabilities.

Poverty is a multidimensional problem that is not only related to economic aspects, but also social, cultural, and political, which affects the welfare of poor families. The Family Hope Program (PKH) in Makassar City is designed as a conditional social assistance program that aims to improve the welfare of poor families through the provision of financial assistance and increased access to basic services. This study aims to explore the role of social companions in building trust, factors that affect the participation of poor families, and obstacles in the implementation of PKH. The method used was descriptive qualitative with subjects of 10 beneficiary families and 3 social companions, data was collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations, then analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. The results of the study show that social companions play a crucial role as communication mediators who build trust through an empathetic and familial approach, which strengthens the sense of belonging to the program. Family participation is influenced by social capital, local cultural norms, education levels, as well as bureaucratic constraints and access to services. Barriers such as social stigma, complicated bureaucracy, and limited companion training hinder the effectiveness of the program. Habermas's theory of communicative action and Durkheim's social solidarity support the finding that open dialogue and harmonious relationships between companions and families are key to successful social empowerment. It was concluded that strengthening the capacity of companions, simplifying bureaucracy, and increasing participatory dialogue spaces are needed to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of PKH in Makassar.

In today's digital era, social media has become one of the most effective marketing tools, especially for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to examine the role of social media in MSME product marketing strategies and its impact on increasing visibility and sales. Social media such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok provide an affordable and easily accessible platform for MSMEs to build brands, interact directly with consumers, and promote products creatively. This study uses a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with MSMEs and social media content analysis. The results of the study show that the strategic use of social media can increase the competitiveness of MSMEs, expand market reach, and build stronger relationships with consumers. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is also greatly influenced by consistency, understanding of the target market, and the ability to manage content professionally. Thus, social media has a vital role in supporting the growth and sustainability of MSMEs amidst increasingly competitive market competition.

The rapid development of the business world has driven increased complexity in competition, particularly in the retail sector which has experienced significant growth in various regions, including Tuban. In this context, the partnership between suppliers and department stores (toserba) becomes a strategic aspect that plays a crucial role in maintaining business continuity, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the patterns of relationships between suppliers and department stores in Tuban, as well as to identify factors that support the success of such partnerships and their impact on operational performance and customer satisfaction. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, data were collected from various secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant publications. The results indicate that effective partnership relationships are characterized by open communication, high trust and commitment, close collaboration, and adaptation to digital transformation. Furthermore, a solid partnership between suppliers and department stores contributes to improving supply chain efficiency, reducing logistics costs, optimizing inventory management, and enhancing customer satisfaction through product availability and responsive service. This study provides valuable contributions to formulating sustainable collaborative strategies for local retail businesses to face increasingly competitive markets.

The principle of freedom of contract is a fundamental tenet in contract law that grants parties the autonomy to determine the content, form, and subjects of an agreement. In the context of business contracts in Indonesia, this principle plays a vital role in providing flexibility for business actors to regulate their legal relationships independently. However, in practice, the implementation of this principle often faces various challenges, such as unequal bargaining power between parties and legal interventions aimed at protecting weaker parties. This study aims to analyze how the principle of freedom of contract is applied in the practice of business contracts in Indonesia, as well as the legal boundaries that limit such freedom. A normative juridical method is employed, using statutory and case study approaches. The findings indicate that contractual freedom in Indonesia is not absolute but is restricted by positive law, propriety, and public order. Therefore, a balance is required between contractual freedom and legal protection in the drafting of business contracts.  

This systematic literature review aims to identify the key psychosocial and environmental determinants influencing adolescent mental health. Utilizing the PRISMA methodology, ten peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024 were analyzed. Key factors identified include parenting style, peer relationships, academic stress, bullying, digital media exposure, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight the complexity of adolescent mental well-being and emphasize the necessity of integrated interventions involving families, schools, and communities to foster resilience.