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This study aims to analyze the fundamental role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in shaping the noble character of students using a qualitative approach through literature review techniques. Data were collected from various scientific sources published between 2020 and 2026 and analyzed using content analysis methods, which included stages of reduction, categorization, and conceptual synthesis. The main focus of this study is to examine how PAI teachers integrate the values of tawhid and worship into the daily behavior of students, so that religious education does not merely remain at the cognitive level but manifests in noble character. The findings indicate that PAI teachers play a strategic role as murabbi, mu’allim, and muaddib, whose success is determined by the integration of pedagogical, professional, social, personality, and spiritual competencies. Amid the dynamic challenges of the digital era, teachers are required to revitalize their roles not only as educators but also as moral exemplars (uswatun hasanah) and agents of character transformation. The synergy between teachers' competencies and consistent exemplification is the key to safeguarding the students' morality and fostering a resilient personality in the school environment.

Digital transformation has significantly altered early childhood learning patterns. Platforms such as YouTube have become dominant media consumed by preschool children. Exposure to digital content during the golden age potentially affects moral development, as children remain in a critical phase of imitation and value internalization. This study aims to conceptually analyze the role of parents in assisting early childhood moral development amid YouTube exposure from an Islamic education perspective. The research employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review of reputable national and international journals published between 2020–2026. The analysis involves identification, inclusion-exclusion selection, thematic categorization, and critical synthesis. Findings reveal that effective moral development is strongly influenced by parental mediation patterns, including active mediation, screen-time limitation, Islamic value-based content selection, reflective dialogue, and digital role modeling. The study proposes an integrative Islamic-based digital parenting model combining modern moral development theory and Islamic tarbiyah principles. Theoretically, this study contributes by integrating family digital literacy with Islamic moral education within contemporary educational discourse.

Achilles tendon rupture is a common lower extremity injury that significantly affects functional mobility and gait performance. Post-operative patients frequently experience pain, edema, limited range of motion (ROM), muscle weakness, and impaired ambulation. Physiotherapy rehabilitation plays a crucial role in restoring tissue integrity and functional capacity. This case study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of combined electrotherapy modalities and therapeutic exercises in a post-operative left Achilles tendon rupture patient. The intervention included ultrasound therapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), infrared therapy, dry needling combined with Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS), and progressive therapeutic exercises such as isometric training and calf raises. Clinical outcomes were evaluated through ROM measurement, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), edema observation, and gait analysis across four therapy sessions. Results demonstrated gradual improvement in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ROM, reduction of edema, increased gastrocnemius-soleus muscle strength, and restoration of independent ambulation without assistive devices. The multimodal physiotherapy approach appears to support tendon healing, enhance neuromuscular activation, and accelerate functional recovery during the subacute post-operative phase.

Leadership is the key to success in educational institutions, transformational leadership always emphasizes the vision, mission, and goals of the institution and motivates all school members to cooperate in advancing the institution. Transformational leadership implemented at SMAN 2 and MAN 2 Kediri City is able to bring positive changes and encourage better achievements. Educational institutions whose leaders implement transformational leadership tend to be more active and adaptive to change. This research model uses a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design. Data collection techniques use in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use condensation, data display, and drawing conclusions. The findings are that the principal drives teacher professionalism by encouraging followers to imitate his positive behavior, be flexible, and form a personal commitment to organizational transformation. The principal acts as an inspiring motivator by providing inspirational motivation, building effective communication, and consolidating the strength of followers to support transformation.Principals hone teachers' intellectual abilities by involving them in decision-making, preparing them for challenges, and providing coaching, feedback, and evaluation. Principals act as role models by providing personal feedback, rewarding them, and promoting the achievement of the institution's goals.

Sugarcane plays crucial and strategic role in the economy as the primary raw material for sugar production, thus ensuring proper procurement of sugarcane in the production process is crucial for smooth and successful production. This study aims to determine the management of sugarcane procurement and the constraints faced in meeting the demand for sugarcane at the Madukismo Sugar Factory in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The basic method is descriptive. The location was determined intentionally at the Madukismo Sugar Factory in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, research was conducted from December 22, 2021, to January 15, 2022. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and recording. The data analysis method was descriptive. The results of the study indicate that the procurement mechanisms for sugarcane include: factory capacity, planting area, planting schedule, and cutting schedule. Sugarcane planting is carried out in stages, starting from May to December, through partnership plantations and smallholder plantations. Harvesting and delivery of sugarcane to the Madukismo Sugar Factory are carried out in stages to prevent stockpiling of raw materials. Cutting is scheduled according to the harvest schedule, as the sugarcane harvest period is 12 months. Excess sugarcane raw materials at the Madukismo sugar factory will be processed the following day. Obstacles affecting the procurement of sugarcane raw materials at the Madukismo sugar factory include cutting labor, transportation, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused difficulties providing harvesting labor, resulting in delayed raw material delivery to the sugar factory in 2020 and 2021.

Data from the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) shows that between May 2022 and December 2023, there were 4,179 cases of sexual violence, including 2,776 cases of Electronic-Based Sexual Violence (KSBE) and 623 cases of rape. Adolescents' knowledge and attitudes play a crucial role in preventing sexual violence in schools. Objective: To determine the level of adolescents' knowledge and attitudes regarding sexual violence prevention at State Senior High School 1 Surakarta. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach involving 89 students in grades X and XI was conducted on January 20, 2026. Results: The results showed that most respondents had good knowledge (65 respondents, 73.0%), and 3 respondents (3.4%) had poor knowledge. The results also showed that most respondents had good attitudes (44 respondents, 49.4%) and 9 respondents (10.1%) had poor attitudes. Conclusion: Most Students had good  knowledge and attitudes regarding sexual violence prevention at SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta.

Service quality is a critical issue faced by service providers, as it plays a significant role in shaping customer satisfaction and maintaining customer trust for future services. A decline in service quality over time may negatively affect customers’ perceptions and loyalty. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction. This research employed a quantitative approach using primary data collected through a survey method. The sampling technique used was probability sampling with a random sampling method, involving 98 customers as research respondents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. The service quality dimensions analyzed in this study were Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The results of the analysis revealed that Tangible and Responsiveness did not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. In contrast, Reliability, Assurance, and Empathy were found to have a significant positive influence on customer satisfaction. These findings indicate that customers place greater importance on service accuracy, employee competence, trustworthiness, and personal attention. Therefore, service providers are encouraged to prioritize improvements in Reliability, Assurance, and Empathy to enhance customer satisfaction and sustain long-term customer relationships.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of public service policy implementation at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Freshwater Fish Cultivation Center (UPTD BBIAT) in Pekalongan Regency, focusing on the influence of service quality on fish farmers' satisfaction mediated by trust. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a concurrent embedded design, combining a survey of 40 fish farmers and in-depth interviews with 5 key informants from the UPTD and Agency levels, along with observation and document analysis. The theoretical framework is built on New Public Service Theory, Policy Implementation Theory, and the SERVQUAL, trust, and public satisfaction concepts. The research findings indicate that all three variables are in the high category with robust and significant positive correlations: service quality with trust, service quality with satisfaction, and trust with satisfaction. Trust has been shown to play a strong mediating role in the relationship between service quality and fish farmers' satisfaction. The assurance and empathy dimensions are the strengths of UPTD BBIAT, while tangibles and reliability require improvement through infrastructure modernization and enhanced consistency in seed availability. Theoretically, this research confirms the applicability of the SERVQUAL model and trust theory in the context of public services in the fisheries sector. In practice, it provides strategic recommendations to improve policy implementation effectiveness through infrastructure strengthening, human resource development, service digitalization, and enhanced institutional coordination.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program through a collaborative governance framework in Kendal Regency using a mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design. Quantitative data collected from 34 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis, while qualitative data obtained from five key informants were analyzed thematically. The results reveal very strong and statistically significant correlations (p < 0.001) among cross-sectoral coordination, stakeholder roles, community participation, and accountability–transparency, indicating that collaborative synergy is a decisive factor in successful policy implementation. The Kruskal–Wallis test indicates consensus across professional groups (p> 0.05). However, qualitative findings uncover a paradox of coordination without communication: implementers internalize coordination as a functional operational reality, while beneficiaries experience informational alienation. The resulting collaborative configuration can be characterized as technocratic–instrumentalist—technically effective yet weak in terms of social legitimacy. This study underscores that implementing social policy requires collaborative governance that is not only coordinative but also communicative and deliberative. Policy implications include strengthening dialogic public communication, transforming consultative participation into deliberative engagement, and promoting participatory transparency to foster shared understanding between bureaucratic systems and program beneficiaries.

BUMDes, as drivers of the village economy, play a strategic role in improving community welfare, including in Pamekasan Regency, which is rich in local potential. However, many BUMDes still face institutional challenges, low work motivation, and suboptimal employee performance. Internal factors such as transformational leadership style and organizational culture are thought to play an important role in shaping employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership style and organizational culture on work motivation and its impact on job satisfaction and employee performance in BUMDes in Pamekasan Regency. The study uses a quantitative method with an explanatory research approach. The population includes 23 BUMDes, with 108 respondents determined using the Lemeshow formula. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, then analyzed using Smart-PLS. The results showed that transformational leadership style and organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on work motivation. Work motivation has a significant effect on job satisfaction and acts as a mediator in improving employee performance. Transformational leadership and job satisfaction also have a direct effect on employee performance, while organizational culture has an indirect effect through motivation and job satisfaction. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening leadership and organizational culture to improve the quality of human resources and the sustainability of BUMDes.

The phenomenon of recidivism in narcotics crimes indicates that the rehabilitation and punishment approaches applied have not been fully able to prevent recurrence of crimes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against recidivists in narcotics crimes in two court decisions, namely Decision Number 154/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Yyk and Decision Number 51/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Tte. Case studies are used to assess the effectiveness of law enforcement, especially against perpetrators who have previously undergone rehabilitation but have re-committed crimes with more complex roles. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory approach and a case approach, which are analyzed qualitatively based on law enforcement theory and the objectives of punishment. The results show that normatively there are regulations on rehabilitation and increased sentences for recidivists, but their effectiveness is not optimal, partly due to the lack of post-rehabilitation regulations that are expressly regulated in the law and the lack of integrated data systems between rehabilitation institutions and the courts. This condition causes rehabilitation to not fully function as a preventive instrument against recurrence of crimes. This study recommends strengthening post-rehabilitation regulations and integrating information systems between agencies as part of a more preventive and sustainable criminal law policy reform.

Small-scale beef cattle farming systems play an important role in rural livelihoods in developing countries. However, comprehensive analysis that integrates the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers with resource utilization patterns is still limited. This study aims to evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and resource utilization patterns in the beef cattle business in Dolokgede Village, Tambakrejo District, Bojonegoro Regency. Based on the results of the evaluation, it can determine and identify the potential for the development of livestock businesses and in this region. Quantitative descriptive research was carried out using a direct survey method on farmers through questionnaires and environmental analysis. The sample was determined by the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%, resulting in 29 respondents who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Farmers are dominated by the productive age of 31-60 years (72.41%) with the majority of elementary education (75.86%). The selection of 2-5 cattle dominates (65.52%) with the Peranakan Ongole type. The use of feed is integrated with the agricultural system through rice straw (96.55%) and corn waste (93.10%). Feed costs account for more than 60% of the total cost of production, but the R/C ratio shows a value above 1, indicating the economic viability of the business. The beef cattle business in Dolokgede Village has the potential for development through stronger plant-livestock integration, improved feed technology, and institutional support for market access and financing.

This study explores the lives of Rohingya women residing in the Minaraya refugee camp, Padang Tiji Subdistrict, Pidie Regency, Aceh, through the lens of the Gender Agency Theory and Resilience Theory. It aims to understand how these women negotiate their roles within a patriarchal social structure and develop resilience amid economic, social, and cultural constraints. The findings reveal that Rohingya women live under a deeply entrenched patriarchal system in which men dominate decision-making processes, while women are confined to domestic responsibilities. However, their compliance should not be interpreted as mere submission; rather, it reflects a form of piety-based agency, a conscious act grounded in religious and moral values to maintain dignity and family harmony. Within the domestic sphere, women play an essential role in managing aid funds, distributing food, and regulating household expenditures. These actions demonstrate adaptive capacity and subtle role negotiation within the limits of gender norms. Spirituality serves as a significant source of strength; religious activities such as Qur'an recitations and collective prayers function as coping mechanisms for dealing with trauma and uncertainty. Furthermore, support from humanitarian organizations helps meet basic needs. However, the core of their resilience stems from family solidarity and deeply held religious values. Rohingya women in Aceh display strength through faith, social adaptation, and resource management, positioning themselves as active agents in sustaining dignity and survival amid adversity.

This study aims to describe the form of multi-stakeholder collaboration in the management of the Bojonegoro Geopark using the Pentahelix approach. This study employed a qualitative method with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, while informants were selected purposively to represent the government, academia, business actors, community groups, and media. The findings indicate that although the five helixes are involved, their roles have not yet been integrated into a systematic collaborative framework. The government contributes through infrastructure provision and regulatory support but lacks a coordinating institution dedicated to geopark management. Academics provide research input, yet it has not formed a comprehensive basis for geosite interpretation. Business actors grow predominantly in recreational destinations, while community groups play essential operational roles but with uneven capacities. The media participates in promoting activities, although it has not succeeded in building a consistent geopark identity. Overall, this study concludes that weak inter-helix integration remains the primary challenge in developing the Bojonegoro Geopark. Therefore, strengthening institutional coordination, improving community capacity, and establishing an integrated communication strategy are essential for achieving sustainable geopark governance.

The principal’s leadership plays a strategic role in determining the direction and quality of educational implementation in schools. This study aims to analyze the implementation of integrative leadership based on prophetic values through the application of transformational, instructional, and servant leadership styles at SMA Muhammadiyah PK Kottabarat Surakarta. Islamic-based schools face challenges in integrating academic excellence with the development of religious character; therefore, a leadership model is required that is not only managerially effective but also morally and spiritually grounded. This research employed a qualitative approach with a field study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using interactive analysis techniques with triangulation to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that the integration of transformational, instructional, and servant leadership forms an Islamic Integrative Leadership model that combines a vision for change, the strengthening of learning quality, and the values of service and exemplary conduct within an Islamic framework. Transformational leadership fosters a shared vision and an innovative culture; instructional leadership enhances the quality of the learning process through effective academic supervision; while servant leadership creates a humanistic and participatory school climate. This leadership model contributes to improving teacher professionalism, strengthening students’ character, and establishing a religious school culture oriented toward holistic and sustainable educational quality.

This research is motivated by the importance of guiding students in using digital technology in a positive way. The implementation of digital literacy enables students to use digital technology wisely and responsibly. This study aims to explore the importance of digital literacy, the impact of digital technology development on student’s character, the implementation of digital literacy for improving 21st-century skills, and the role of digital literacy for personalizing a generation with strong character, specifically at SMK Budi Mulia Pakisaji. This research is using a qualitative descriptive method, using purposive technique sampling and data triangulation techniques. This study uses an interactive model of data analysis. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and open-ended questionnaires. The results show that digital literacy supports the improvement of students’s 21st-century skills, known as the 6Cs: critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, character, and citizenship. Digital literacy is integrated into IPAS (Science, Social, and Environmental Education) learning and implemented through the SMART (Spesific-Measurable-Achievable-Relevant-Time bound) digital concept. The implementation of digital literacy supports the achievement of IPAS learning goals, to make meaningfull learning experience, and students are able to produce a creation in IPAS projects. Students are able to solve problems using digital technology, select useful content, manage their time effectively, and become a lifelong learner. Furthermore, digital literacy supports the students to increase their knowledge, skills, and attitudes aligned with the values of Pancasila.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of tourist behavior in mountain hiking activities in the Sindoro, Sumbing, and Slamet (3S) area of Central Java within the context of nature-based tourism trends and digital mediation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving eight purposively selected hikers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and analysis of social media posts. The findings reveal a shift in motivation from physical challenge-oriented goals toward self-fulfillment, personal reflection, and psychological balance. Mountain hiking has also become normalized as part of an urban modern lifestyle. Furthermore, social media plays a significant role in shaping aspirations, documentation practices, and the reproduction of tourist behavior, extending the experience of nature beyond physical engagement into digital representation. These findings indicate that contemporary tourist behavior is constructed through the interaction of intrinsic motivation, social needs, and the logic of digital representation in nature-based tourism.

This study aims to analyze the strategies implemented by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in shaping adolescent personality at SMA Negeri 1 Sragen. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, and were analyzed using an interactive data analysis model. The findings indicate that personality development strategies were carried out in a planned, systematic, and collaborative manner through five main approaches: role modeling, religious habituation, integration of values into classroom instruction, personal mentoring, and collaboration among teachers. Role modeling emerged as the most dominant strategy, as students tend to imitate teachers’ behavior in daily interactions. Religious programs such as congregational prayer, Qur’anic recitation, Islamic student organization activities, and Friday religious programs function as instruments for internalizing religious and social values. These findings affirm that adolescent personality development requires an integrated strategy embedded within school culture and supported by a conducive educational environment.

The Role digital marketing nowadays become part important in today's business strategies implemented by MSMEs, which is enable MSMEs to​​ reach the target market with more broad , measurable , and efficient in global value chain (GVC) context . Digital marketing strategies do not  can denied  involving various elements, including optimization machine search engine optimization (SEO), marketing through social media, digital advertising, marketing content ,and also email marketing. In buniess process of PT Bungas food Nusatra abalikpapan tahy have product a weadang dayang.  In facing such a market dynamic, marketing strategy must capable adapt with current digital trends including Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) approach to create greater urgency and involvement​ tall in a way contextual relation with the value chain that creates consumer new abroad or​ marketing across countries by them. In this case, on of the challege ib export product process. The methods of research here, is survey and looking some literature that related in this subject discussion and research, the conclusion is  the With utilise trend this company​ can increase visibility brand , strengthen interaction with customers  and encourage conversion sale in a way more effective and This strategy expected can give impact positive to growth business and power competition companies in the digital era in more fluently in global value chain (GVC).

This study investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, specifically ChatGPT and Jenni AI, in supporting academic integrity through accurate citation generation. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the research involved 30 undergraduate students who evaluated AI-generated citations using Fishman’s (2014) Academic Integrity Theory and Smith’s (2020) Citation Accuracy Framework. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing students’ perceptions of reliability, ethical responsibility, and accuracy in AI-assisted citation practices. Quantitative analysis revealed that Honesty and Accountability were the most dominant values (22.58% each), followed by Fairness and Respect (19.35% each), Trust (12.90%), and Courage (3.23%). Qualitative findings showed that students recognized AI’s potential to enhance writing efficiency but emphasized the need for human verification to ensure factual correctness and ethical compliance. Comparatively, Jenni AI demonstrated greater consistency and citation verification than ChatGPT, which exhibited more frequent fabrication and inaccuracy. The study concludes that while AI tools can enhance academic productivity, maintaining academic integrity still requires critical human oversight, ethical awareness, and adherence to scholarly honesty and accountability.