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This study aims to identify the level of difficulty and ability to write descriptive essays for phase B students in class IV in elementary school. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case method approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews with students, and document analysis of students' writing results. The results of the research show that phase B students in class IV in elementary schools experience difficulties in writing descriptive essays in several aspects, namely: It is difficult for students to find a title that suits the topic. Students can create text that matches the title, but the content of the idea is incomplete. Students have not used all their five senses to write descriptive text. Students have difficulty writing paragraphs that have cohesion and coherence. Students have difficulty using the correct choice of words (diction) according to the sentence. It is difficult for students to use the correct spelling according to the rules. Students have difficulty using punctuation marks.

This study aims to identify the level of difficulty and ability to write descriptive essays for phase B students in class IV in elementary school. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case method approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews with students, and document analysis of students' writing results. The results of the research show that phase B students in class IV in elementary schools experience difficulties in writing descriptive essays in several aspects, namely: It is difficult for students to find a title that suits the topic. Students can create text that matches the title, but the content of the idea is incomplete. Students have not used all their five senses to write descriptive text. Students have difficulty writing paragraphs that have cohesion and coherence. Students have difficulty using the correct choice of words (diction) according to the sentence. It is difficult for students to use the correct spelling according to the rules. Students have difficulty using punctuation marks.

This study aim to determine the effect of inquiry learning model towards students learning outcomex of biology learning. This study was conducted in class X IPA of MA Muhammadiyah Nangahure. The method used was quasi experimental with one- group-pre test-post test design. The instrument used is test instrument inthe form of multiple choic questions as many as 10 item that used UN items. In this study the test data was obtained through pre test and post test to determine the achievement of students learning outcomes. The sample used was one class with a total of 21 students Before texting hypotheses using the t-test the test analysis pre requisites are first perfomed namely the normality test and homogenity test and the data are normally distributed and homogeneous Based on the hypotheses test perfomed obtained acount of 25,91 and t table of 1,72. Because t hitung > t tabel then HO is rejected and HI is accepted. Therefore the result of this study concluded that thereis an effect of inquiry learning model on students learning outcomes.

Understanding the concept of Justification by Faith is crucial for Christians, as it enables them to gauge their comprehension and application of this doctrine in their lives. Many Christians have yet to fully grasp this foundational aspect of their faith. This study aims to elucidate the true significance of Justification by Faith by comparing the perspectives of Paul and James, which at first glance, seem contradictory. This research employs a literature review approach, involving the identification, classification, and analysis of relevant literature on the topic of Justification by Faith according to Paul, James, and Calvin. The study involves a hermeneutical analysis of biblical texts, a comparison of theological perspectives, and a systematic organization of findings. Paul asserts that justification occurs through faith, independent of works, as an act of God's grace (Romans 3:28, 4:5). The law reveals human sinfulness and the need for divine justification through faith in Christ. James emphasizes that genuine faith is demonstrated through works (James 2:24). He argues that faith without works is dead and insists on the necessity of works as evidence of true faith. Calvin integrates both perspectives, emphasizing that justification by faith is inseparable from the process of regeneration by the Holy Spirit. He views faith as a gift from God that leads to good works, the fruit of genuine faith. Justification by Faith is an act of God that can only be achieved through His grace and the sacrifice of Jesus Christ (Romans 4:5; 5:6). Faith is rooted in the truth of God's revelation in Christ, culminating in belief in His crucifixion and resurrection. Both Paul and James agree that faith and works are essential in a genuine response to God, with good works being the inevitable result of true faith. This study underscores the interconnectedness of faith and works, aligning with Martin Luther's assertion that good works are the fruit of righteousness. The comprehensive understanding of Justification by Faith involves recognizing it as a divine act that provides hope for salvation through faith, a gift from God facilitated by the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 2:8; Galatians 5:22).  

The development of science and technology encourages the culture of people realizing their sympathy using a bouquet of fresh, dried, or synthetic flowers. Culture is favored by the public because the flower bouquet can be adjusted to the cost of the customer. Synthetic flower bouquet innovation has aesthetic value and long shelf life, the author made a flower crown leaf product using onions. Research to determine the stages of manufacture, valid experimental results, and public acceptance of the product. Using the methods of observation, literature, experimentation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, and qualitative descriptive data analysis. The product manufacturing stage in the form of preparation of material tools, onion drying, printing, and decorating flowers takes ± 7 days or 1 week. Product validation according to 3 flower arranging experts was declared valid with the characteristics of yellowish brown color, onion fiber pattern, no aroma, and has a smooth wavy texture. The average results of the public test on 61 respondents from the AKS Ibu Kartini Semarang agency showed that the public liked the product (score 2). So that the product is accepted by the community and has the potential to become an opportunity in entrepreneurship. It is better to innovate a substitute for epoxy resin as a preservative for flower crown leaves from onions. Because epoxy resin after drying has a weight that is not comfortable for a bouquet of flowers that are held for a long time such as a bridal ceremony.

This research aims to analyze the lexical and connotative meanings in Indonesian, with a focus on the use of words in the pantun by Dr. Tenas Effendy. In this research, lexical meaning analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive methods, with data collection techniques in the form of expansion techniques carried out by expanding the lingual units in question using certain elements. The expansion technique is useful for determining the meaning aspect (semantic aspect) of certain lingual units. The research results show that Dr. Tenas Effendy contains lexical meanings related to concepts such as advice, tradition and life. This lexical meaning is found through analysis of the meaning of the text and the meaning of the pantun context. The meaning of the context in question is in the form of symbolic meaning, namely the meaning contained outside the text and related to the context of the event when the pantun is sung. The conclusion of this research is that Dr. Tenas Effendy has a lexical meaning related to concepts related to life and tradition, as well as a connotative meaning related to symbolism and the context of the event.

The Second Coming of Jesus Christ is one of the profound topics in Christian theology. This article aims to explore the concept of hope in the return of Jesus Christ within the context of Christian theology and beliefs. The introduction provides a conceptual foundation on the meaning and relevance of the hope for the return of Christ for Christian believers. The methods used include the analysis of biblical texts, theological literature review, and related conceptual review. The results depict various theological perspectives on the Second Coming of Christ and its implications in everyday Christian life. A thorough discussion of eschatological theology and the perceptions of Christians regarding the return of Christ is the main focus of this article. The conclusion affirms the importance of understanding and responding to the hope for the return of Jesus Christ in spiritual life and Christian practice. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of essential aspects of the Christian faith and invites reflection on the significant meaning of hope for the return of Christ in a contemporary context. The bibliography presents key references supporting this research and theological analysis.

To carry out public services and all activities carried out by state administrators, a state institution is needed that functions and is tasked with supervising the running of public services and state administrators. All forms of complaints and aspirations complained by citizens were all accommodated so that a state ombudsman institution was formed. The Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia itself is a state institution that oversees the implementation of public services and maladministration is included in its authority. Supervision is carried out including those carried out by BUMN, BUMD, State-Owned Legal Entities, and private bodies or individuals whose task is to carry out certain public services, all or part of whose funds come from the APBN/APBD. The data that has been obtained comes from a literature review which is then analyzed using content analysis techniques. Human behavior can be studied indirectly by researchers by observing interactions through various media sourced from online news, newspapers, textbooks, journals, and various other types of communication that can be analyzed.

This research aims to conduct critical discourse analysis of news regarding the increase in UKT only applicable to new students presented by the IDN Times media. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis using the scalpel of critical discourse analysis developed by Norman Fairclough who views discourse as text.  The research results show that the news was conveyed well and clearly by the IDN Times media, and was considered positive, especially for students who were not yet economically established. Macrostructural analysis also reveals that there are differences of opinion in society regarding this policy, with the media and the figure of Nadiem playing an important role in presenting information to the public.

The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of a humanistic Islamic religious education curriculum as well as how the program evolved using a humanistic perspective. This study's methodology makes use of library research techniques (library study). This approach concentrates on using library resources to gather information for research projects. Meanwhile, content analysis is the method of data collecting employed in this study. A strategy for analyzing text, whether it be in the form of words, graphics, or another format, is content analysis. The findings of this study demonstrate that a humanistic approach was used in the creation of the Islamic religious education curriculum. Specifically, the humanistic notion of offering a fresh viewpoint in PAI learning, the qualities of ideal teachers, as well as

In the current era, digital learning media began to be developed along with the rapid development of information technology. Educators are indirectly required to make adjustments to the development of information technology-based learning media. Gudang Teks is a Indonesian learning media program designed through the world wide web precisely on google-sites which is a place for storage of negotiation text materials. With this, this study was conducted to analyze information technology-based learning media on the use of LMS in the form of google-sites under the name "Text Warehouse" in the negotiation text learning process at the Class X high school level. The research methods used in this study are qualitative descriptive methods based on data analysis and literature studies. The development model used in research uses the type of research and development or Research and Development (R &D) with the 4-D development method developed by S. Thiagarajan and consists of 4 main stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The Text Warehouse is also analyzed using SWOT analysis in the form of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, and threats so that they can be further evaluated and considered in their use. The results of the analysis show that the Text Warehouse is quite feasible to be used in the negotiation text learning process, especially in grade X high school students.

This research evaluates errors in the use of Indonesian in non-Indonesian language and literature students' theses, focusing on aspects of spelling, punctuation, use of italics, and writing particles or affixes. Qualitative descriptive methods are used for in-depth text analysis, identifying language errors in various linguistic fields. The findings show that errors in the use of punctuation marks, especially periods and commas, are dominant with percentages of 53.06% and 38.78% respectively. Spelling errors, especially in the affixes "di-" (42.54%) and "ke-" (31.18%), indicate the writer's confusion in separating or combining the affix with the word that follows it. Grammatical errors, especially in the use of prepositions (40.91%) and conjunctions (31.82%), as well as errors in making effective sentences (27.27%). Phonological errors, such as incorrect use of punctuation, can interfere with a reader's comprehension. This shows that students are often influenced by spoken language in academic writing. In addition, spelling and grammatical errors indicate a lack of understanding of correct Indonesian language rules. To overcome this, it requires increasing understanding of grammar rules, consistent writing practice, and reading good written references. In this way, the quality of students' academic writing can be improved, minimizing errors, and increasing effective scientific communication. 

This article discusses how to uphold human rights values ​​in Indonesian society based on Pancasila. The Pancasila ideology is seen as the basis of the Indonesian state because it contains several principles, such as the principles of divinity, humanity, nationality, sovereignty and social justice. Pancasila values ​​must be implemented in upholding human rights in society, taking into account the principles that have been previously established. Human rights in Indonesia are regulated by Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Implementation of human rights requires efforts from the government, non-governmental organizations and society to create an environment that supports respect for human dignity. Handling issues related to human rights and Pancasila values ​​is required with an inclusive approach and constructive dialogue. This article aims to discuss how human rights values ​​can be implemented in Indonesian society based on Pancasila. Apart from that, the article also aims to highlight the importance of implementing the noble values ​​of Pancasila in upholding human rights in Indonesia. The research method used in this article is text analysis and interpretation of human rights values, Pancasila ideology, the Basic Laws of the Republic of Indonesia, and implementation of noble values ​​of Casila in upholding human rights in Indonesia. The importance of implementing the noble values ​​of Pancasila in upholding human rights in Indonesia is also emphasized, by involving the government, non-governmental organizations and society in creating an environment that supports respect for human dignity. An inclusive approach and constructive dialogue are also considered important in dealing with issues related to human rights and Pancasila values.

This research aims to describe students’ ability in writing persuasive text before and after using group discussion method in class VIII students of SMPN 37 Medan. The research method used was experimental with one group pretest postest design. The instruments used were pretest and postest written tests. The results showed that before using the group discussion method, students’ ability in writing persuasive texts was still lacking with an average score 59,37. However, after using the group discussion method, students’ abilities improved to good with an average score of 77,73. Data analysis showed a significant effect of group discussion method on students’ persuasive text writing ability. This is evidenced by the result of statistical calculations that show the normality test of pretest and postest data is normally distributed, the homogeneity test states that the sample is homogeneous, and the hypothesis test rejects H0 and accepts Ha. This research implies that the group discussion method is effective in improving students’ persuasive text writing ability in class VIII of SMPN 37 Medan.  

The purpose of this study is to provide an investigation of affixing sentence mistakes in narrative text essays written by fourth graders. In addition, we want to detail the challenges that both students and instructors have when attempting to convey the concept of affixing sentences to elementary school children. A case study is the research approach that is used. In this study, a descriptive example is used. The 70 participants in this research were drawn from three different classes (A, B, and C) and one larger class (22–24 students) at SD YASPORBI III Jakarta, representing Class IV as a whole. This study used a random sampling approach. Research tools used in this study were observation and interview tools. Observation, interviews, and documentation are the methods used to gather data in this study. There were four steps to the analytic process in this study: gathering data, cleaning it up, presenting it, and making conclusions. Study after study has shown that students retain more information and are more actively involved in their own learning when taught about affixes via the use of narrative process that incorporates anecdotes from real life. Teachers may help children who are still struggling with affix sentence writing by using narrative texts to gather often misused terms, such as capital and lowercase letters, which are connected to spelling and spelling comprehension. Teachers should thus provide their pupils with more support and assistance, whether that's in the form of extra explanations, specific activities, or both. Students have a more engaging and effective learning experience when visuals are used as a medium.  

It is very common to find journal publications and scienntific articles according to certain fields and the influence of a method on cases that have been investigated first, then reviewed in a scientific article. However, language errors are often found in scientific articles that have been read, both in spelling, punctuation, and so on. This research is qualitative research that uses descriptive methods. The data collection technique used in this research is document study. After conducting a review, the researcher still found several errors in language, for example the author still could not differentiate between standard and non-standart words. There are still structural errors. Therefore, through review by other researchers to analyze journals that have been released, it will certainly help to improve future journals.

This research aims to analyze errors in writing quotations in students' papers from the PGSD Study Program at Medan State University, especially in the paper entitled "Analysis of Teacher Difficulties in Implementing the Problem Based Learning Model in Elementary School Social Sciences Learning". This research uses a qualitative method with a design that prioritizes data collection through document analysis. The main data source comes from the text of the researched papers, with a focus on formatting errors, sources, and citation integrity. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model which includes presenting data and drawing conclusions. The research results showed that there were inconsistencies in writing the author's name, the wrong writing order based on the year of publication, and the use of inappropriate punctuation in quotations. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding and applying correct citation writing rules to improve the quality of scientific literature.

. Design and Development of Interactive Learning Media in Graphic Design Subjects is a research that aims to develop effective and practical interactive learning media on basic graphic design topics. This research uses the ADDIE development model, which consists of five development stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.At the analysis stage, this research understands the problems found in the use of learning media in graphic design subjects, such as the limited use of print media and the need for more interactive and interesting media. At the design stage, this research develops a learning media design that involves multimedia elements such as text, images, graphics, sound, video, animation and comprehensive simulations. At the development stage, this research develops multimedia-based interactive learning media, which can provide certain forms of interaction that allow users to interact actively with the program. The research results show that the Basic Graphic Design interactive learning media developed is valid from the instructional and display aspects, and is practical and suitable for use for basic graphic design learning. Thus, this research contributes to the development of interactive learning media that is effective and practical in improving the quality of learning in graphic design subjects.  

. Design and Development of Interactive Learning Media in Graphic Design Subjects is a research that aims to develop effective and practical interactive learning media on basic graphic design topics. This research uses the ADDIE development model, which consists of five development stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.At the analysis stage, this research understands the problems found in the use of learning media in graphic design subjects, such as the limited use of print media and the need for more interactive and interesting media. At the design stage, this research develops a learning media design that involves multimedia elements such as text, images, graphics, sound, video, animation and comprehensive simulations. At the development stage, this research develops multimedia-based interactive learning media, which can provide certain forms of interaction that allow users to interact actively with the program. The research results show that the Basic Graphic Design interactive learning media developed is valid from the instructional and display aspects, and is practical and suitable for use for basic graphic design learning. Thus, this research contributes to the development of interactive learning media that is effective and practical in improving the quality of learning in graphic design subjects.  

This research aims to focus on the analysis of Teun A. Van Dijk's critical discourse model in online news texts which discuss the murder and rape case of Vina and her lover published by Media Liputan6.com. In this analysis, Van Dijk's model which includes three main dimensions, namely text, social cognition and context, is used to understand how online news discourse describes and manifests these events. The research results show that critical discourse analysis can help in revealing how online news discourse influences and is influenced by ideology, knowledge and interests related to the event. Thus, this analysis can contribute to a deeper understanding of how news discourse can influence and be influenced by the social and ideological context associated with the event.