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This article examines the synergy between Islamic theological values and local wisdom as a basis for resistance to environmental exploitation in Mandailing Natal. The focus of the study lies on the application of faith principles, such as the concepts of khalifah, justice, and ihsan, and their implementation through the traditional practice of lubuk larangan. The literature study method was used to collect and analyze secondary data from scientific articles, journals, and national and local news sources. The results of the study show that these Islamic theological values have been deeply rooted in the culture of the Mandailing Natal community, encouraging a critical attitude towards illegal gold mining practices that damage the ecosystem. The lubuk larangan tradition also acts as a mechanism for social control and environmental conservation, by implementing periodic restrictions on extractive activities to provide space for natural regeneration. The findings indicate that the integration of Islamic theology and local wisdom results in a more integrated and ethical natural resource management paradigm. This research recommends strengthening the synergy of faith values and local traditions in the formulation of public policies and increasing community participation in environmental monitoring. This integrative approach can be used as a strategic model to overcome the challenges of environmental exploitation amid increasingly complex global dynamics.

Sunlight is the main source of energy for life, but ultraviolet radiation can have negative impacts on the skin, such as sunburn, pigmentation, wrinkles, premature aging, and the risk of skin damage due to excessive exposure. One way to protect the skin from these effects is to use sunscreen. Carrots contain antioxidant compounds that can bind free radicals and prevent cell damage due to oxidation, so they have the potential to be used as a natural ingredient in making sunscreen. This research aims to formulate and test the physical properties of carrot extract lotion as a sunscreen and determine the extract concentration that has the optimal Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value. The method used is experimental by making lotion formulations, testing their physical properties, and measuring the SPF value of each formulation. The research results showed that the KN, F1, F2, and F3 lotion formulations had a semi-solid form which met the formulation requirements. However, KN's SPF value is only 1.23 which does not meet sunscreen standards. Meanwhile, F1 has SPF 8.3 (extra effect category), F2 with SPF 15.06 and F3 with SPF 24.1 (ultra category). F3 shows the best results because with SPF 24.1, this formulation is close to SPF 25 which can protect the skin for up to 4 hours with twice daily use. The higher the concentration of carrot extract, the better its effectiveness in lotion formulation as a sunscreen.

The development of Christology in the first century, from up to the 5th century, shows how the Church formulated the true teachings of Jesus Christ on different theological agendas in the middle. This struggle not only strengthened the understanding of Christ's identity, but also served as a basis for Christian faith in understanding the operation of salvation. This research is a qualitative research using the literature study method. The research was designed to analyze the development of Christology from the first century to the fifth century, especially in understanding how theological thinking about Jesus Christ developed in church history.

In Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals it is stated that hospitals must meet the requirements for location, buildings, infrastructure, human resources, pharmacy and equipment. Pharmaceutical requirements must ensure the availability of quality, useful, safe and affordable Pharmaceutical Preparations, Medical Devices and Consumable Medical Materials. The Workers' General Hospital has drug procurement data that exceeds the 2022 RKAP target, namely in the last 5 months between August and December 2022. The aim of this research is to reveal empirically the selection of providers by combining three procurement methods, namely e-catalog, direct procurement with the standardization of the Pertamedika IHC Drug Formulary and direct procurement with negotiations carried out by the hospital's own negotiation committee and a priority scale is formed to achieve efficiency targets. This priority scale meets the eligibility test for the Benefit - Cost Ratio criteria. This research was conducted at the Workers' General Hospital in Jakarta. The research time is February 2023 - June 2023. The research approach used is a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the research method used was a case study in which researchers conducted an in-depth exploration of the process of selecting generic drug providers on a priority scale and tested their feasibility using the Benefit - Cost Ratio (BCR) method. Based on calculations, a BCR value of 1.9 was obtained, which can be interpreted as a priority scale that is feasible for the Workers' General Hospital. The results of this research have implications for hospitals because implementing effective and efficient drug procurement will ensure continuity of service with affordable drug costs.

The current research aims to identify the role of digital transformation across its dimensions (technology, digitization of operations, databases, human resources) in promoting digital entrepreneurship in its dimensions (digital information base, digital business environment, digital skills and e-leadership, financing) among a sample of employees in private banks in the Middle Euphrates region. The research problem emerged regarding the ability of the private banks under study to use digital transformation and digital entrepreneurship. This problem lies in the lack of environmental stability, limited financial infrastructure, and weak human expertise. Therefore, the research problem was formulated in an important question: What is the impact of digital transformation on promoting digital entrepreneurship in Iraqi private banks? In order to determine the level of research variables, a questionnaire was adopted by distributing (136) questionnaires to employees in private banks in the Middle Euphrates region to measure the nature of the level of the research variables. To analyze the results, the statistical packages (SPSS & AMOS.V.29) were used. As a result, the research produced various results, most notably the existence of a significant correlation between digital transformation and entrepreneurship. Digital businesses contribute to encouraging innovation in developing new financial products and services that meet changing market needs. The results also showed that digital transformation helps private banks improve the efficiency of internal operations, leading to a reduction in transaction time. Furthermore, digital transformation processes can provide smoother and faster financial services, which supports customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Strategic decision-making ability is an important skill that must be possessed by the leaders of Islamic educational institutions to support the achievement of educational goals, improve the quality of learning, and build institutional governance in accordance with Islamic values. The purpose of this study is for operational planning in Islamic educational organizations through measurable strategic decision-making. The focus of the study is directed at how operational definitions of programs, indicators, activities, and scheduling based on the academic calendar can reflect the readiness of educational institutions in facing future challenges. This study uses a library research method by collecting data from various written sources such as books, scientific journals, and relevant official documents. The results of the study show that clarity in formulating program indicators, selecting relevant persons in charge, and integration be-tween strategy and operational activities can increase the effectiveness of achieving the vision and mis-sion of Islamic educational institutions. Therefore, operational planning is not only technical, but is an integral part of the strategic management of Islamic education.

This research is based on observation results which inform that there will be an increase in patient safety incidents in 2023 compared to 2022. The aim of this research is to empirically reveal the influence of clinical leadership and self-efficacy on patient safety culture with work engagement as an intervening variable. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional study design. The population used was 110 inpatient nurses. The sample calculation used the Slovin formula for an error rate of 5%, resulting in a sample size of 86 respondents. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire, and the analysis method uses three box method analysis and PLS-SEM with the help of the Smart-PLS program. The results of the analysis prove that clinical leadership and self-efficacy influence patient safety culture with work engagement as an intervening variable. Clinical leadership and self-efficacy have an influence on work engagement, clinical leadership, self-efficacy and work engagement have an influence on patient safety culture, and clinical leadership is the dominant variable capable of improving patient safety culture.

Mossak Batak Toba is a traditional martial art originating from the Batak Toba ethnic group in North Sumatra, passed down through generations. Characterized by swift, agile, and powerful movements, Mossak is not only a physical discipline but also embodies spiritual values such as courage, discipline, and loyalty. This study aims to identify and analyze the potential of Mossak Batak as a tourist attraction in Toba Regency from cultural, economic, and social perspectives, and to formulate strategies for optimizing its potential amid various existing challenges. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques, with descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis as analytical tools. The findings reveal that Mossak Batak holds significant cultural value as an intangible heritage, economic potential through performances and cultural tourism training, and a social role in reinforcing local identity and pride. However, challenges such as limited digital promotion, the absence of educational materials, weak stakeholder coordination, and low community participation remain. The study concludes that with proper strategies—such as cross-sector collaboration, effective digital promotion, and the development of local cultural festivals—Mossak Batak can be elevated as a prominent tourist attraction in Toba Regency. This not only contributes to cultural preservation but also supports local economic growth and strengthens the global recognition of Batak cultural identity.

Informed consent is a fundamental legal document in medical practice, ensuring that patients provide informed approval before undergoing medical procedures. The completeness of this document is crucial for legal compliance and patient safety, as incomplete or improperly filled out consent forms can lead to legal disputes and compromise patient well-being. This study aims to evaluate the completeness of informed consent forms for general surgery patients, employing the 5M method (Man, Money, Method, Material, and Machine) to identify the factors contributing to form deficiencies. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, with a sample of 265 forms selected using Slovin’s formula from a total of 711 forms collected between June and August 2023 at a hospital in Indonesia. The findings indicate that incomplete forms are primarily caused by human factors, such as a lack of medical personnel’s understanding of the informed consent process, procedural issues, including unclear standard operating procedures, and system limitations, such as partial integration of electronic medical records. The analysis of these factors reveals the significant impact of human error and procedural gaps on the completeness of informed consent documentation. To enhance the quality of documentation and ensure better compliance with medical regulations, this study recommends a series of improvements, including medical staff training, revision of standard operating procedures, and optimization of electronic medical record systems. Implementing these improvements is expected to strengthen compliance with medical regulations, enhance the documentation process, and contribute to better patient safety and legal protections in the healthcare setting.

This study aims to determine the effect of financial management (X1), application of accounting information systems (X2), quality of human resources (X3), utilization of e-commerce (X4) on financial performance (Y) Culinary UMKM in Solo City. The samples taken were 100 respondents, using the slovin formula. The method used in this data analysis technique uses instrument data testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The method of collecting data is by distributing questionnaires to the heads of culinary UMKM actors in the city of Solo. The results showed that the variables of financial management (X1), application of accounting information systems (X2), quality of human resources (X3), utilization of e-commerce (X4) had a positive effect on the financial performance (Y) of culinary UMKM  in Solo.

The Medan city is one of the largest cities in Indonesia with many economic and tourist activities. The Medan city is one of the gateways for Indonesian businessmen and tourists, especially in North Sumatra. This requires an accommodation that can be a lodging solution for business people and tourists who are doing temporary interests in the city of Medan. This has the potential to design a hotel as a temporary lodging solution for business people and tourists in the city of Medan. The hotel design uses problem solving methods that are focused on solving existing problems, starting from the formulation stage, data collection, analysis to synthesis using survey techniques, literature studies and comparative studies. So that through the design of this hotel, it can be the right lodging solution in the city of Medan with a Tropical Architecture approach that is able to provide comfort for users. Hotel design pays attention to the availability of infrastructure and utilities to support human needs in a design that is able to adapt to the surrounding environment.

This study aims to enhance the quality of operational performance by implementing the Holonic Manufacturing System (HMS). The system involves dividing manufacturing processes into autonomous, collaborative, and participatory holons, including the Order Holon, Product Holon, Resource Holon, and Staff Holon. The primary objective is to optimize production efficiency by reducing costs, minimizing processing time, and increasing flexibility while improving overall organizational productivity. The research problem centers on evaluating the impact of holonic manufacturing on operational performance improvement. This study is significant as it addresses a critical issue for firms striving to enhance their efficiency and deliver value to customers. The adoption of HMS is not only a practical approach but also a widely recognized business strategy that has garnered interest from researchers and industry professionals alike.To achieve the study’s objectives, a structured questionnaire comprising 36 items was developed and distributed to participants. Two primary hypotheses were formulated to examine the relationship between HMS implementation and operational performance quality. Various statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 24) and AMOS (version 24) to test the hypotheses and validate the findings. The results indicate a significant correlation and causal relationship between the Holonic Manufacturing System and operational performance quality. The findings suggest that implementing HMS effectively enhances organizational performance by improving production processes, increasing efficiency, and reducing operational constraints. Therefore, adopting this system can lead to a more agile, cost-effective, and productive manufacturing environment, making it a valuable strategy for modern organizations.

This study examines the relationship between corporate financial disclosure and investment decisions by shareholders and investors in capital markets. Using a comprehensive dataset of 486 publicly listed companies from multiple stock exchanges over a five-year period (2018-2022), we investigate how the quality, scope, and timing of financial disclosures influence investment behaviors, pricing efficiency, and capital allocation. Through multiple regression analysis, structural equation modeling, and panel data techniques, we find that higher disclosure quality is significantly associated with increased trading volumes (β=0.42, p<0.01), lower bid-ask spreads (β=-0.38, p<0.01), and reduced stock price volatility (β=-0.31, p<0.01). Our analysis reveals that voluntary disclosures beyond regulatory requirements have a stronger impact on institutional investor decisions compared to retail investors. Additionally, the study documents that forward-looking financial information and segment reporting have particularly strong effects on investment decisions during periods of market uncertainty. The findings contribute to disclosure theory and provide empirical evidence for regulators considering disclosure policy reforms, corporate executives formulating communication strategies, and investors developing investment frameworks that incorporate disclosure quality assessment. The study addresses the causality challenge through instrumental variable estimation and difference-in-differences analysis of regulatory changes, enhancing the robustness of the identified relationships.

Breast milk (BM) is the optimal source of nutrition for newborns up to six months old, providing essential antibodies, complete nutrition, and easier digestion compared to formula milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for infant health, and efforts to support lactation include consuming a balanced and nutritious diet. This study aimed to examine the effect of papaya and watermelon consumption on breast milk expression in nursing mothers. The research utilized a true experimental design with a two-group post-test approach, conducted over five consecutive days. The intervention involved consuming 400 grams of cut papaya and 300 grams of watermelon daily. The study population consisted of postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months, and the sampling technique used was probability sampling, resulting in a total of 42 respondents. Participants were divided into two groups: 21 in the control group and 21 in the intervention group. The Wilcoxon test was applied for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that papaya consumption significantly affected breast milk expression, with a p-value of 0.046 (<0.05), accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This result indicated that papaya intervention increased breast milk expression by 2,000 times. Similarly, the watermelon intervention showed a significant effect, with a p-value of 0.02 (<0.05), also leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). The analysis suggested that watermelon consumption improved breast milk expression in nursing mothers by 3.162 times. These findings highlight the potential benefits of consuming papaya and watermelon in enhancing lactation, providing valuable insights for nursing mothers and healthcare professionals in supporting breastfeeding practices.

There are many traditional Indonesian cakes, especially traditional cakes from the South Coast of West Sumatra. This research was conducted to introduce traditional cakes typical of the South Coast of West Sumatra to the wider community in the Jabodetabek area. West Sumatra, is a province in Indonesia located on the island of Sumatra with Padang as its capital city. Pesisir Selatan Minang traditional cake is a traditional cake originating from the province of West Sumatra. The formulation of the problem consists of: (1) What are the typical Minang cakes and what is the texture and taste of Minang snacks? (2) How to introduce Minang cakes? The aims of this research are (1) To know and recognize the traditional Mianang cake. (2) Introducing and disseminating traditional Minang cakes. The research methods and data collection techniques used are (1) descriptive methods (2) data collection techniques using questionnaires (3) literature study. Place and time of research: the distribution of the questionnaire was carried out on 24-28 July 2021 through Google Form and WhatsApp media. Currently only a few people know the traditional Minang cake. It takes effort and support from the government and the community, especially the younger generation to preserve traditional cakes, especially traditional Minang cakes so that they are not lost due to the development of modern cakes.

The concept of restorative justice which emphasizes the recovery of victims as well as community participation is appropriate to be applied at the village level as an effort to create a village based on restorative justice. This study aims to formulate the idea of ​​a village based on restorative justice by involving community participation. This research is a normative legal research with a concept and statutory approach. The results of the study show that a village orientation based on restorative justice is intended to optimize the role of non-litigation dispute resolution in village communities. From a progressive legal perspective, a village based on restorative justice is a village with the aim of maintaining social harmony in resolving disputes in society. Therefore, the formation of Village Regulations is important as a guideline for implementing the concept of restorative justice in village communities.

This study aims to analyze the science literacy skills of students in primary schools in Medan City. The method used was a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through a science literacy test given to 31 students from 3 primary schools. The results showed that students' science literacy skills were still at a low level, with only 28% of students achieving an adequate level of literacy. The findings indicate the need for improvement in science teaching in primary schools to improve students' science literacy skills. This research is expected to provide insights for educators and policy makers in formulating more effective strategies to improve science literacy among primary school students.

This study aims to analyze the science literacy skills of students in primary schools in Medan City. The method used was a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through a science literacy test given to 31 students from 3 primary schools. The results showed that students' science literacy skills were still at a low level, with only 28% of students achieving an adequate level of literacy. The findings indicate the need for improvement in science teaching in primary schools to improve students' science literacy skills. This research is expected to provide insights for educators and policy makers in formulating more effective strategies to improve science literacy among primary school students.

Ready-to-drink (RTD) chocolate beverages are increasingly popular, yet traditional formulations often contain dairy components while some consumers are lactose intolerance. The primary challenges in RTD chocolate beverages include achieving acceptable flavor profiles and managing cocoa powder precipitation. This study aimed to formulate a non-dairy ready-to-drink chocolate beverage using a hedonic test and  enhance its physical stability through varied xanthan gum concentrations applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD).A hedonic test involving 30 untrained respondents determined the most preferred formula with the highest preference level (3.7), which consisted of 40% local cocoa powder from Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, 15% commercial cocoa powder, and 45% castor sugar. Stability analysis involved incorporating xanthan gum at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% (w/v). Results demonstrated that 0.2% xanthan gum concentration yielded the highest viscosity (98 N.s/m²), significantly differing from the control. The lowest precipitation was observed at 0.2% concentration (p-value 0.048). Particle size analysis revealed progressive reduction from 21 μm to 5 μm with increasing xanthan gum concentration. The study conclusively identified 0.2% (w/v) xanthan gum as the most effective concentration for improving chocolate beverage stability, offering a promising approach for developing innovative, dairy-free RTD products.

This research is based on the ambiguity of street naming norms in statutory regulations, this causes the legality of street naming in the Mojokerto city government area to be questioned.Based on this description, the author formulates the problem formulation as follows: (1) What is the authority of the Mojokerto City Government in naming roads? (2) What is the legality of naming roads belonging to the Mojokerto city government?.This research uses a normative juridical research type with a statutory approach, a historical approach and a conceptual approach using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials.The research results from this thesis show that the Mojokerto City Government does not have direct authority to name roads in its area. There is a lack of normative legal regulations in regulating transitional conditions in the naming of landforms, especially roads. The legality of naming roads belonging to the Mojokerto city government can be questioned due to the absence of statutory norms that order local governments to form legal products related to street naming.