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Elections (Pemilu) represent a pivotal moment in democracy, where citizens exercise their right to vote and determine the nation's leadership and direction. Since the reform era, Indonesia has consistently held free and fair elections with increased civil participation. However, issues remain concerning the participation of people with disabilities, a group that often faces exclusion in political decision-making. Despite legal frameworks like Law No. 8 of 2016 ensuring the political rights of persons with disabilities, implementation in practice remains inadequate. This literature study examines the challenges faced by disabled voters, focusing on the lack of accessibility at polling stations and their underrepresentation in the voter registry. It highlights the urgency of political participation for persons with disabilities as a means to foster inclusive democracy and social change in Indonesia. Affirmative actions, such as the establishment of quotas and policies, are discussed as essential steps toward ensuring equal political rights for disabled individuals. Additionally, the role of technology in optimizing participation through programs like DIGI-EDVOT is explored. However, challenges remain due to unequal access and technological literacy among people with disabilities.

The State Civil Apparatus or commonly referred to as ASN has been in the spotlight lately, where the changes in the new laws and regulations greatly affect the two (2) management of ASN, which includes Civil Servants (PNS) and Employees Government with Work Agreement (PPPK). This study aims to find, examine and discuss in more detail related to the Amendment of Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning Civil Servants, more specifically related to the Rights of Civil Servants and PPPK which have been regulated in this Law. The research method used is the cutative descriptive method. This type of research is normative legal research, the source of data obtained by researchers is sourced from legal materials, journals, and literature that supports this research. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, while the literature includes contemporary and classical books. Data obtained by researchers through legal materials, then read, examined, analyzed, and explained quantitatively using scientific logic.         The results showed that the granting of rights to Civil Servants and Government Employees with Work Agreements, was in accordance with their respective positions in the field of employment. However, the rights of the two management are dynamic and uncertain, because they are very dependent on changes in the laws and regulations ratified, so that there is a need for permanent regulations related to the rights of the two management, in order to fulfill the rights of each employee, which is in accordance with the Laws and Regulations.      

The aim of this research is to determine the dominant indicators of the variables Employee Job Satisfaction, Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment in the Population and Civil Registration Service of Padang City and to determine the partial influence of Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment on employee job satisfaction in the Population and Civil Registration Service Padang city. This type of research is quantitative, the sampling technique used is a total sampling technique which is taken based on the entire population, because the population is less than 100 people. The research sample consisted of 46 people. The types of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. The technique for analyzing the data uses validity and reliability tests using the SPSS version 21.00 program. The hypothesis was tested using the T test. The results of this research show (1) Organizational Justice has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction at the Padang City Population and Civil Registration Service (2) Organizational Commitment has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction at the Padang City Population and Civil Registration Service. This research aims to determine the dominant indicators of employee job satisfaction variables.

Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) has a strategic role in building democratic character among the younger generation as an important capital in the life of society, nation and state. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of PPKn education in schools can be an effective means of internalizing democratic values, such as tolerance, justice, respect for human rights, and deliberation. Civics learning requires good preparation, especially through preparing material that not only provides knowledge but is also able to bring about changes in the character of students. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method, which includes critical analysis of various sources, such as national and international journal articles, books, e-books, dissertations, theses, as well as print and online media which can provide a comprehensive picture of the role of PPKn in form students' democratic character. The research results show that PPKn education based on Pancasila values ​​has proven to be effective in developing individuals who have strong character and are able to face the challenges of the era of globalization. By combining the values ​​of Pancasila and democratic principles, this education plays a role in forming a highly civilized, competitive and globally superior nation.

This research aims to analyze the protection of human rights at a minimum in the implementation of emergency constitution The research used is a critical analysis with a qualitative approach that involves the analysis of legal documents and related literature. This research reveals the formation of emergency constitutional regulations that still pay attention to human rights, which must be carried out at a minimum. The type of research used in researching the problems in this study is normative juridical. This research is a normative juridical research because the researcher will analyze the laws and regulations related to the implementation of the emergency constitution from the perspective of human rights. Library materials and secondary data can be called normative legal research or library research by collecting legal materials both primary, secondary and/or tertiary. The government has a strategic role in determining the emergency conditions of a country. Traffic conditions caused by military, civilian attacks and disease outbreaks that cause the state to be unable to implement constitutional law normally, if not immediately will threaten the safety of the community and the country.  Therefore, it is necessary to have written regulations or laws that provide a framework of procedures, formalities and frameworks to manage emergencies. The results of the research are expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the central government's implementation guidelines in carrying out emergency state administration.

Philosophy of science has a very important role in providing a conceptual basis for the advancement of science, especially through the study of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. This study aims to explore the contribution of science to the development of scientific research. By using a descriptive analysis method based on literature review, this study reveals that philosophy of science not only plays a role as a theoretical foundation, but also as a critical control tool for the application of science in social life. The results of the study suggest the importance of interdisciplinary integration and the development of science in the development of scientific research. Philosophy of science, with its comprehensive approach, is able to direct the development of science so that it remains relevant, ethical, and makes a positive contribution to civilization.

Notaries can join together and run a civil partnership together with other fellow Notaries. However, it is explained in the UUJN, the notary civil partnership is not completely the same as the civil partnership contained in the Civil Code. The purpose of this study is to analyze the responsibility of Notaries in carrying out Notary civil partnerships and the impacts caused by the existence of Notary civil partnerships. This research is processed with a normative juridical approach method, namely by looking at law as a set of regulations/rules or doctrines that have a normative nature (law in book). As a result of the problem, each Notary remains individually responsible for what is done and the legal products made as well as the confidentiality of the contents of the deed become the individual responsibility of the Notary and there are positive and negative impacts of the existence of a Notary civil partnership becoming a common concern for Notaries to become members of the Notary civil partnership.

This study aims to discuss the concept of administration and management in general, and to view it from the perspective of the Qur'an. By understanding the principles of Qur'anic management, it is hoped that these values ​​can be applied in everyday life, so that a balance is created between achieving worldly and hereafter goals. In addition, this paper also explores how administration and management in Islam are not only oriented towards efficiency, but also on spiritual values ​​that bring benefits to life in the world and the hereafter. The research methodology used in this study is descriptive qualitative research using the library research method. Administration is a joint effort process involving all parties to realize common goals and ideals. The term management actually refers to the process of implementing activities that are completed efficiently with and through the use of others. In the Qur'an, the term management uses yudabbiru, which means organizing, managing, engineering, implementing, taking care of well. Islamic management can be viewed from two sides, namely management as a science and management as an activity. As a science, management is seen as one of the general sciences that was born based on empirical facts that are not related to any values, civilizations (hadharah). However, as an activity, management is seen as a deed that will be held accountable before Allah SWT.

The purpose of this research is to create a JST (artificial neural network) model that can forecast population growth at the Population and Civil Registration Office of West Sumba Regency. population growth at the Population and Civil Registration Office of West Sumba Regency. Regency. Regional development planning must consider the increasing number of population, therefore proper forecasting is essential to encourage sustainable policies and initiatives. sustainable policies and initiatives. Because it can identify complex patterns in past data and produce more accurate forecasts than traditional techniques, an ANN model is used. traditional techniques, the ANN model is used. The data used in this study is the population growth of Southwest Sumba Regency over the past including characteristics such as birth and death rates and population movements. deaths and population movements. The backpropagation algorithm is used to optimize the multilayer perceptron (MLP) architecture for ANN training. Separating the data into training and testing sets and assessing the models model using metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) based on the error. Error (RMSE) based on the prediction error are the steps involved in the training process. involved in the training process. The research findings show that, with a low level of error, the artificial neural network model can estimate the population increase in Southwest Sumba Regency with a reasonable level of accuracy. reasonable level of accuracy. The model is expected to serve as a reference for relevant authorities to better manage population data and as a tool to create more focused and successful population policies.

In recent years, the issue that has become a hot topic of discussion among both the national and international communities is the issue of environmental damage. Therefore, in the economic context, there is a need for a transformation towards a green economy. The Indonesian government is promoting the TPB/SDGs Indonesia 2030 program. Realizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 is a shared responsibility that requires participation from all sectors, including the government, civil society, and the private sector. Therefore, considering the importance of sustainable development in the field of investment itself, several global organizations have established a measure that calculates sustainable development known as ESG investing. ESG consists of Environment, Social, and Governance, which adds value to companies that care about and think about the environment, such as issues related to carbon emissions, water and air pollution, and other environmental issues. This research aims to determine the role of the younger generation as agents of change through ESG Investment in realizing the 2030 SDGs. The research method utilized in this scientific paper is a combination research method with data collection through literature review. This research is expected to provide insights into the urgency of the younger generation in realizing the 2030 SDGs.

The transfer of land ownership certificates is an important legal process in Indonesia's land system, regulated by various laws and regulations, such as the Basic Agrarian Law and its implementing regulations. The procedure for transferring ownership certificates begins with a legitimate sale and purchase transaction, followed by registration with the National Land Agency (BPN). However, in practice, obstacles often arise, one of which is when the seller's whereabouts are unknown, which can hinder the process of transferring land rights. In this situation, the buyer can take various legal actions, including filing a civil lawsuit in the District Court to obtain a court ruling confirming the legal transfer of rights, or submitting a request for a decree to the Administrative Court (PTUN) if BPN rejects the application for the transfer of land rights. The perspective of the PTUN legal procedure explains that the buyer can challenge the BPN decision if it is deemed contrary to the law or the principles of good governance (AUPB), with sufficient evidence to support their claim. In this case, PTUN plays a role in providing justice and legal certainty for the aggrieved party. Therefore, even when the seller’s whereabouts are unknown, through the appropriate procedures and legitimate legal actions, the buyer can still acquire ownership rights over the land purchased.

This research discusses Pancasila values ​​in the formation of customary law through philosophical and sociological approaches. Pancasila as the basis of the state has an influence in the formation of national law, but its relationship with customary law, traditions and local norms requires further adjustments. This philosophical approach emphasizes the values ​​of Pancasila, such as Belief in One Almighty God, Just and Civilized Humanity, and Social Justice. This is different from sociological research that examines the response of indigenous communities to the function of Pancasila and the dynamics of social adaptation that occur. This research also provides scientific participation in understanding between national and local legal systems, and also provides a basis for legal policy regarding the dynamics of Indonesian socio-culture.

Indonesia's constitutional reform since 1998 has brought significant changes to the governance system, legal framework, and the protection of civil rights. This study analyzes the impact of the reform on civil rights protection, focusing on the legal and policy dynamics in the post-reform period. Key changes include the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, decentralization of power, and the strengthening of state institutions such as the Constitutional Court. While the legal framework for human rights has been reinforced, challenges persist, including the harmonization of regional and national regulations and corruption, which undermines public access to basic rights such as healthcare, education, and justice. Decentralization often produces discriminatory policies against religious, ethnic, and sexual minorities, while past human rights violations and identity politics exacerbate social tensions. This study employs a normative method with historical and juridical approaches. To enhance civil rights protection, improved oversight of regional regulations, the abolition of discriminatory policies, anti-corruption measures, and transitional justice mechanisms for addressing past human rights violations are essential. Strengthening civil society and judicial reform are also critical steps toward achieving more effective and equitable civil rights protection.

This research explores changes in personnel regulations that reflect the government's efforts to consistently boost the human resource capacity of state apparatus. Law No. 8/1974 emphasizes ideological loyalty and administrative requirements without a competency-based system. Law No. 43 of 1999 introduced the principle of merit and competency-based selection, although it is still constrained by supervision and technology. Significant reforms occurred in the State Civil Service Law with the implementation of comprehensive meritocratic principles using technology such as Computers Assisted Test (CAT), and supervision by independent institutions such as KASN and BKN. The results of the study indicate an increase in effectiveness in transparency, accountability, and professionalism of civil servants along with the development of regulations, although implementation challenges in the regions remain obstacles. This study recommends strengthening technological infrastructure, supervision, and ASN training to support sustainable bureaucratic reform.

Contract law plays a key role in trade and business. Failure to fulfill obligations in an agreement, known as default, can include non-fulfillment, delays, or performing actions not aligned with the agreement. The aggrieved party is entitled to seek compensation for the default. In a service agreement case resolved through arbitration, the Respondent was found to have defaulted. Despite both parties agreeing to all terms and performing the contract without objection, the Respondent was ordered to pay compensation under Article 1248 of the Civil Code, which includes the concept of "fraud." The author aims to analyze how default in service procurement is resolved through arbitration and whether the arbitral panel’s decision to impose compensation is justified according to the Civil Code and the contract. The research employs a normative legal approach, focusing on literature and statutory regulations. The findings show that both parties committed default, yet the arbitral panel only adjudicated the Respondent, as the Claimant was not counter-sued. Moreover, the Respondent's actions cannot be classified as fraud. The compensation imposed by the arbitral panel based on Article 1248 of the Civil Code should be seen as abuse of circumstances, not fraud..

Digital transformation has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in the realm of law, especially civil contracts. Electronic signature is one of the important innovations that offer efficiency, flexibility, and convenience in contract transactions in the digital era. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the use of electronic signatures in civil contracts, especially in terms of legal validity, security, and acceptance by the public and business actors. The results show that electronic signatures in Indonesia have been legally recognized based on Law Number 19 of 2016 amending Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). However, while e-signatures have great potential to speed up the contracting process, several challenges remain, such as security concerns and resistance among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Security issues are a major concern, given the risk of cybercrime such as hacking and digital identity forgery. In addition, low digital literacy in the society hinders the widespread adoption of e-signatures.

This study examines the impact of nationality on civil legal status in mixed marriages, particularly in Indonesia and several other countries. Mixed marriages, involving two individuals of different nationalities, often present complex legal issues, especially concerning property ownership, inheritance rights, and the nationality of children. In Indonesia, foreign nationals face various restrictions regarding land and property ownership, and there are temporary provisions for dual nationality for children born from mixed marriages. In a global context, differences between countries following jus soli and jus sanguinis principles also affect the status of children and inheritance rights. This research uses a comparative approach by analyzing civil law regulations in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. The findings show that Indonesia’s civil law system requires reforms to be more accommodating to the globalization phenomenon and the increasing number of cross-national marriages. Recommendations include harmonizing national regulations with international law, implementing more flexible dual nationality policies, and strengthening protections for the rights of mixed couples in property ownership and inheritance.

Civil law is a branch of law that regulates relations between individuals or legal entities in terms of their personal interests. In civil law, a contract is considered a legal agreement between two or more parties who give each other promises to do or not do something. This research uses normative methods with qualitative research methods which use primary legal material sources, such as laws and the Criminal Code as well as secondary materials, such as books and journals. Contract law is an agreement between two or more people which creates an/an obligation to do or not do a specific thing. There are elements that are considered valid and binding. This includes the existence of an agreement from two or more parties, the desire or aim of the parties for legal consequences to arise, the legal consequences of the agreement only bind the parties and do not bind third parties, and certain agreements must be made in accordance with the law. There are legal principles in contract law, including freedom of contract, consensualism, and pacta sunt servanda. The conclusion is that contract law contains elements that are considered valid and principles in making agreements as well as the influence of written evidence in making a contract which provides legal certainty and as proof of the agreement. There are two main doctrine in contract law, classical and contemporary doctrine. The classical doctrin emphasize the legal certainty to be the core of legal issue in contract law. The doctrine noted that every single purpose of parties should be stated in contract in order to put binding eJect to the parties. It also distinguish the concept of breach of contract and tort. The petition for breach of contract should be based on the concept of breach of contract instead tort. In reverse, the contemporary doctrine emphasize the justice and appropriateness aspect in a contract. It recognized the contract as the whole process held by pre-contractual phase, contractual phase, and post- contractual phase. Hence, it realize the existence of impact toward promises stated by one party to others which is distinctly diJerent to the classical doctrine that neglect the impact of pre- contractual. The contemporary doctrine eliminates the distinguishing of breach of contract and tort as the basic of the sue because breach of contract was the specific genus of tort.

Citizenship and education policies in Indonesia play a crucial role in determining children's rights and access to quality education. However, challenges arise when addressing children with unclear citizenship status, such as those born to parents without permanent citizenship or those caught in ambiguous legal situations. This abstract examines how the uncertainty of citizenship status affects the access to and quality of education for these children in Indonesia. The study highlights major issues faced, including limited access to formal schooling, lack of adequate official documentation, and legal instability that restricts educational rights. Additionally, it explores existing government policies and the challenges in implementing them concerning the protection of educational rights for children with unclear citizenship status. The findings reveal the need for more inclusive policy reforms and effective strategies to ensure that all children, regardless of citizenship status, can enjoy their right to quality education. The study suggests a more holistic, human rights-based approach to addressing these issues and advocates for enhanced collaboration between government agencies, civil society, and international organizations to develop sustainable solutions.

Abstract. Pancasila has an important role in various aspects of life, including in efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption. This research aims to examine the role of Pancasila's contribution in the context of constitutional law, especially in terms of integrity and public ethics. Using qualitative research methods and descriptive analysis, this study investigates how Pancasila values such as social justice, fair and civilized humanity, and unity can be integrated into the legal system and state administration to prevent and eradicate corruption. The results of this study show that the use of Pancasila principles in laws and public policies has significant potential to improve transparency and accountability. The study also identifies challenges and barriers to the implementation of Pancasila values and provides recommendations to improve the effectiveness of corruption prevention and eradication in Indonesia. The findings support the argument that Pancasila serves not only as an ideological basis, but also as a practical foundation in building a legal system with integrity.