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Human resource (HR) development is a key element in realizing competency-based schools that are able to face the challenges of the globalization era. This study aims to analyze HR development strategies in educational environments with a systematic approach involving teachers, staff, and students. The research methods used are literature review and direct observation at several competency-based schools in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that effective HR development includes three main aspects: strengthening teacher pedagogical competence, increasing staff managerial capacity, and forming a learning culture in students. The proposed strategies include ongoing training, empowering digital technology, and collaborating with external parties such as the business world and industry. The implementation of this strategy shows an increase in individual and institutional performance, especially in terms of adaptability to curriculum changes, the use of technology in learning, and student learning outcomes. In addition, it was found that visionary leadership support and adequate facilities are the main supporting factors for the success of HR development in competency-based schools. In conclusion, integrated and competency-oriented HR development not only strengthens school competitiveness but also supports the creation of a globally superior generation.

The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has a strategic role in improving community welfare, especially in rural areas. This research aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) faced by coconut processing MSMEs in Gesikharjo Village, Palang District. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with MSME actors, field observations, and document analysis. The research results show that the main strengths of these MSMEs are the availability of local raw materials and community support. However, weaknesses such as technological and management limitations are still challenges. Opportunities such as increasing demand for processed coconut products in local and national markets provide bright prospects, although threats such as price competition and global market fluctuations still need to be watched out for. Research recommendations include strengthening the managerial capacity of MSME players, product innovation, and collaboration with the government and private sector to create a sustainable business ecosystem.

The goal of this community dedication program is to enhance the quality of scientific articles written in SD N.2 Bangsri Purwantoro Wonogiri, with the aim of publishing them in the indexed journal Sinta. The main problems faced were the lack of knowledge of teachers about the quality of scientific articles, the importance of scientific work in IPTEK's growth, and the significance of the author's reputation in indexed journals. The dedication methods used include training, workshops, seminars, and mentoring. Training and workshops are held on a regular basis with the involvement of experts and practitioners of scientific writing. Seminars and discussions feature relevant case studies to enhance the understanding of participants. Program performance evaluation is carried out through periodic monitoring, qualitative and quantitative assessments, as well as results analysis. Program sustainability strategies include sustainable capacity development, mentoring and support, collaboration and networking, and program evaluation and adaptation. The results of this program showed an improvement in the knowledge and skills of teachers in writing scientific articles, as well as an increase in the number of articles submitted and received by Sinta-indexed journals. In conclusion, the program has improved the quality of writing scientific articles in SD N.2 Bangsri Purwantoro Wonogiri and has made a positive contribution to the development of IPTEK in the school environment. Thus, the program is expected to be a model for other schools in improving the quality of scientific articles and publications in indexed journals. 

Muhammadiyah's role in developing entrepreneurship in Indonesia, which has made a significant contribution to community economic empowerment. Muhammadiyah, as a socio-religious organization, not only operates in the fields of education and health, but also actively encourages the development of small and medium enterprises (UKM) through various entrepreneurial initiatives. The aim of this research is to reveal the role of Muhammadiyah in developing entrepreneurship in Indonesia. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to analyze Muhammadiyah's efforts to create entrepreneurs who are independent, ethical and based on Islamic values. The research results show that Muhammadiyah plays a major role in increasing the capacity of young entrepreneurs through entrepreneurship education and training, with the support of institutions such as the Muhammadiyah Business Center. Muhammadiyah has also succeeded in collaborating with the government and the private sector to provide access to capital and training for business actors. With great potential in building a sustainable and ethics-based entrepreneurial ecosystem, Muhammadiyah is expected to continue to be an important actor in developing entrepreneurship in Indonesia.

Islam considers that health is part of Allah's greatest favor. Medically, fasting can cleanse toxins and substances that accumulate in the digestive tract, kidneys, and other organs of the body due to preservatives, dyes, artificial sweeteners, cancer-causing carcinogenic substances, cigarette smoke and others that accumulate over the years. Although our body's mechanisms have the ability to treat themselves, the body's capacity also has its limits. By fasting, the protection of the body's organs can be perfect. The purpose of this research is to inform Muslims that fasting is mandatory for us to carry it out. In the Qur'an, surah al-Baqarah 2:183. Allah SWT said, "O you who believe, it is obligatory to fast on you, it is obligatory to those before you, so that you may fear Allah". Fasting is one of the pillars of Islam that must be done by every Muslim who is mukalaf (who has reached puberty and has intellect) and who is not in hindrance (uzur). The type of research used is from various literature and the development of various references. The method used is analysis. The data of this study was obtained by collecting data related to the journal theme, then grouping, sorting, and deleting unnecessary data. Next is to present and conclude from various data collections. The results of this study are described systematically and concretely according to the order of focus that has been previously explained. The first step is to explain what fasting is. The second step is to quote all the sentences that describe the relationship between fasting and health according to leading experts.

Public Green Open Space (RTH) is an essential element in urban spatial planning to support environmental sustainability. Through the process of photosynthesis, RTH helps absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced by human activities, such as transportation and industry, thus contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to explore the role of RTH in absorbing CO₂ and the challenges faced in its management. The study was conducted using a systematic approach through literature analysis and case studies in several cities in Indonesia and around the world. The research results indicate that vegetation type, area size, and environmental conditions are the main factors affecting the carbon absorption capacity of RTH. Large trees have a significantly higher capacity to absorb CO₂ compared to shrubs and grass, with the ability to absorb up to 250.63 tons of CO₂ per year per tree. However, challenges such as limited RTH area, urbanization pressure, and lack of public awareness remain obstacles to optimal RTH management. The recommendations of this study include increasing the area and quality of RTH through data-based strategies, community participation in management, and the development of policies that support sustainability. With proper management, RTH can function as a climate change mitigation tool while improving the quality of life for urban communities.  

This research aims to analyze the role and participation of the community in the development of Upas Crater tourist destination in Tangkuban Perahu Mountain area, West Java. Methods This research uses qualitative with descriptive approach, data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with community leaders, local community leaders, local tourism businesses, and visitors, as well as documentation studies. The results showed that the surrounding community plays an active role in various aspects of tourism development, including: 1. Provision of facilities and Provision of tourist facilities and services, 2. Preservation of the environment and local culture, 3. Management of tourist area security, and 4. Promotion of tourism through various social media. However, there are still some obstacles such as limited human resource skills, lack of business capital, and lack of coordination between stakeholders. This research recommends the need for capacity building the community through tourism training, strengthening local institutions, and optimizing cooperation between the community, government, and stakeholders. optimization of cooperation between the community, government, and private sector in the development of tourism destinations. development of a sustainable Upas Crater tourist destination.

Cost Recovery is a vital element in production sharing contracts (PSCs) within the oil and gas sector, allowing contractors to recover costs incurred during exploration and production through revenues generated from oil and gas production. This mechanism has a direct impact on the sustainability of operations and the management of natural resources, which in turn plays a critical role in supporting the national economy.This study aims to analyze the role and contribution of the cost recovery scheme in enhancing Indonesia's economic development, focusing on optimizing state revenue, increasing both foreign and domestic investment, and promoting the development of sustainable energy infrastructure. The method used in this study is a literature review, which includes data from journals and published articles.The main findings of the study show that the cost recovery scheme not only functions as an instrument to ensure the sustainability of upstream oil and gas operations but also has a significant impact on other economic aspects. In the context of national economic development, this scheme contributes to increasing state revenue through taxes and royalties, creating jobs, and supporting local economic development in oil and gas-producing regions. Moreover, cost recovery opens up opportunities for technology transfer and enhances human resource capacity in the energy sector.

This article examines the deployment of information network systems, namely the adoption of Indonesia One Search (IOS) in university libraries. The used methodologies include of literature reviews and online observations, designed to comprehensively analyze the implementation of IOS. A system is characterized as a collection of interacting components aimed at achieving certain objectives, while information is the outcome of data processing that serves a purpose for the receiver. This essay emphasizes the significance of cooperation among libraries in establishing efficient information networks. The text elaborates on many collaborative methods, including library acquisition, collection sharing, and inter- library lending. This partnership offers enhanced information access, resource efficiency, personnel specialization, and less material duplication. Indonesia One Search (IOS) is a unified search platform that consolidates collections from libraries, museums, archives, and electronic information sources across Indonesia. IOS, introduced by Ismail Fahmi, Ph.D., and overseen by the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, seeks to provide extensive and accessible information for students and other users. “The iOS development process includes bibliography compilation, text analysis, and anti-plagiarism services. The functionalities provided by iOS, like full-text search and interaction with digital library apps, illustrate its capacity to fulfill information requirements in the digital age. The use of IOS at institutions, including the Indonesian Education University and the Indonesian Islamic University, demonstrates its efficacy in enhancing students' knowledge retrieval skills. This study underscores the need for libraries to adapt to user requirements in the digital age and highlights the possibilities for cooperation across libraries to enhance services via technology.  

Urban farming is a modern form of adaptation that is responsive to food security challenges, especially in areas with limited space such as Banten Province. This study aims to examine the dynamics of food security in the agrarian region of Banten and offer innovative solutions through urban farming practices. The global food crisis, the shrinking of agricultural land due to development and land conversion, and the decreasing public interest in farming are crucial issues that threaten local food security. In Banten, land conversion has resulted in the loss of more than 9,869.61 hectares of productive rice fields, which has a direct impact on local production capacity and increased dependence on external supplies. As a solution, this study advocates urban farming innovations such as hydroponics, vertical farming, and the utilization of idle land and home gardens. This approach not only utilizes limited land efficiently but also aligns with the principles of wise food planning as exemplified in the story of the Prophet Joseph. Qualitative methods with literature studies and content analysis were used to gather in-depth information. To create sustainable food security, this study identified three main strategies: digitalization of agricultural spatial planning using geographic information systems (GIS) to prevent illegal land conversion; Integrating circular agriculture and urban farming to manage organic waste; and engaging the younger generation as drivers of innovation through technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and digital marketing. These efforts are expected to create high-quality and sustainable food security in Banten Province by combining social intelligence, technology, and environmental sustainability.

This research examines the influence of human resource development on the competency and performance of employees at the Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office Type Madya Customs B Medan. Through interviews with five employees of the Medan Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office of Type A Customs, this research identified the steps taken by the leadership to improve employee competency and performance, as well as overcome the obstacles faced. The main focus of research is development programs which include training, skills and mental development, assessment, and providing motivation through capacity building activities. The theory used refers to the concept of employee performance according to Sedarmayanti, with a qualitative approach that includes observation, interviews and collecting supporting documents. The research results show that the human resource development carried out plays an important role in improving the competency and performance of employees in the office.

Corruption is one of the criminal acts that has a destructive impact on development and public trust. In an effort to strengthen the eradication of corruption, impoverishment punishment is proposed as a progressive approach that aims to provide a deterrent effect and restore state losses. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of impoverishment punishment in handling corruption in Indonesia. The method used is a juridical-sociological approach, by examining applicable regulations and the impact of their application in practice.The results of the study show that impoverishment punishment has great potential in reducing corruption rates, especially with the confiscation of assets from crime which can reduce the motivation of perpetrators to commit corruption. However, the implementation of this punishment faces various challenges, including the lack of regulatory synchronization, technological limitations in asset tracking, and political resistance. This study recommends strengthening regulations, increasing the capacity of financial forensic technology, and public education to support the effective implementation of impoverishment punishment. With the right strategy, impoverishment punishment can be one of the key instruments in building a stronger and more equitable corruption eradication system.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of contractual budgeting and its impact on the development of government accounting system structure in Iraq. Amid the challenges facing the public sector in Iraq, the implementation of contract-based budgeting is considered essential to improve transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the management of state finances. This study used a survey approach to collect data from various government agencies in Iraq involved in budget planning and oversight. The results show that although the implementation of contractual budgeting can improve budget management and strengthen the government's accounting system, there are a number of barriers, including a lack of human resource capacity, information technology limitations, and regulatory discrepancies that still exist. This study recommends the need for policy updates and improved training and infrastructure to support the integration of contract-based budgeting in the government accounting structure in Iraq, to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of public budget management

This study analyses the influence of fiscal capacity on capital expenditure in Aceh Province over the period 2007-2023 by collecting data from the BPS website of Aceh Province. Using multiple linear regression method, this study found that Local Own Revenue (PAD), Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH), and Special Allocation Fund (DAK) have a positive and significant influence on capital expenditure. The results of the analysis show that every 1 unit increase in PAD, DBH, and DAK respectively increases capital expenditure by 234.0927 units, 57.51575 units, and 25.09292 units. This finding indicates that stronger fiscal capacity allows local governments to allocate more budget for infrastructure and investment projects, which support economic development and community welfare. Increased personnel expenditure was also found to have a significant positive impact on capital expenditure, indicating the importance of investment in human resources to support the efficiency and effectiveness of managing development projects. These results support the Human Capital and Administrative Efficiency theories, which assert that competent and efficient human resources increase productivity in budget management

This study presents the development and evaluation of an automatic passenger counting system for public buses using the YOLOv8 algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Accurate passenger counting plays a crucial role in optimizing public transportation operations, as it enables effective capacity management, reduces operational costs, and improves overall passenger comfort. Conventional manual counting methods are often inefficient, time-consuming, and prone to human error, particularly in high-density urban transportation environments. Therefore, an automated and intelligent solution is required to support real-time monitoring and operational decision-making. The proposed system employs deep learning-based object detection to identify and count passengers from video streams captured by cameras installed inside buses. Two camera positions, namely front and rear views, were evaluated to assess system performance under different visual conditions. The experimental results show that the system achieves high detection accuracy in the front camera view, with a confidence score of 0.82, indicating reliable performance in scenarios with minimal object occlusion. In contrast, the rear camera view demonstrates slightly lower accuracy, with a confidence score of 0.76, mainly due to increased object overlap and variations in lighting conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate camera placement and environmental consideration in improving detection reliability. In addition, the implementation of the proposed system enables real-time monitoring of passenger flow, which supports dynamic scheduling, demand-based route planning, and efficient fleet management. Accurate passenger data allows transportation operators to optimize service allocation, reduce congestion, and enhance overall service quality. Overall, this study contributes to the development of intelligent transportation systems by demonstrating the practical applicability of deep learning-based passenger counting solutions. The proposed approach offers strong potential for real-world deployment in smart city environments, supporting the creation of more sustainable, efficient, and passenger-oriented public transportation services.

This research explores changes in personnel regulations that reflect the government's efforts to consistently boost the human resource capacity of state apparatus. Law No. 8/1974 emphasizes ideological loyalty and administrative requirements without a competency-based system. Law No. 43 of 1999 introduced the principle of merit and competency-based selection, although it is still constrained by supervision and technology. Significant reforms occurred in the State Civil Service Law with the implementation of comprehensive meritocratic principles using technology such as Computers Assisted Test (CAT), and supervision by independent institutions such as KASN and BKN. The results of the study indicate an increase in effectiveness in transparency, accountability, and professionalism of civil servants along with the development of regulations, although implementation challenges in the regions remain obstacles. This study recommends strengthening technological infrastructure, supervision, and ASN training to support sustainable bureaucratic reform.

This article discusses the potential role of mosques as centers for educational innovation and training to improve community capacity. Through a literature review and case study, this article aims to explore how mosques can transform from simple places of worship into comprehensive learning centers. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, by making books, magazines, articles and journals related to the research theme, focusing on innovative education and training models that can be applied in mosques, the challenges that may be faced, and their potential benefits for the community. The results of the analysis show that with the right approach, mosques can become important buildings in human resource development and community empowerment in two innovations, namely Educational Innovation; (1) Establishing non-formal educational institutions such as TPA and MDA, (2) Routine syllabus studies, (3) Arabic language course institutions. Training Innovation; (1) funeral prayer training, (2) Youth mosque leadership training, (3) Preaching training.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of local tax revenue and local retribution on local expenditure. The correlational method was used in this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used as a data analysis technique in this study. Conclusions that can be drawn from this study: 1) local tax separately affects local expenditure; 2) local retribution separately does not affect local expenditure; 3) local tax and local retribution simultaneously affect local expenditure. To increase the capacity of local expenditure through local taxes and retribution, the following should be done: 1) expand the capacity of the local economy that can be taxed; 2) develop the capacity of MSMEs to contribute to generating local retribution; 3) balance the growth of local taxes with the growth of local retribution through the development of local economic capacity in order to increase the capacity of local spending.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of personal selling, innovation capacity, and distribution effectiveness on the marketing performance of MSMEs, as well as the role of moderating the competitive environment. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach with 387 MSME respondents in Indonesia. The results showed that personal selling and innovation capacity had a positive and significant influence on marketing performance, while distribution effectiveness did not show a significant influence. The competitive environment plays a significant moderating variable on the influence of innovation capacity but does not moderate the relationship between personal selling and distribution and marketing performance. These findings indicate that to improve marketing performance, MSMEs need to focus on personal selling strategies and product innovation, especially in markets with a high level of competition. This research also provides recommendations for MSMEs to improve their distribution strategies and better adapt to the development of marketing technology.

This research analyzes the authority of local governments in ensuring aviation safety and security through the regulation of the Airport Operation Safety Zone (Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan/KKOP) and spatial control around airports in Indonesia. The study employs a normative juridical method by examining statutory regulations, international standards from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), as well as relevant cases in Ahmad Yani Airport Semarang, Mutiara Sis Al Jufri Airport Palu, and Supadio Airport Pontianak. The results show that the authority of local governments is strategic but not absolute; it must be harmonized with national policies and international standards. In practice, the implementation is hampered by normative and practical challenges. Normative barriers include fragmented regulations, weak regional legal instruments, and the lack of incorporation of ICAO standards into local regulations. Implementation barriers involve limited technical capacity, insufficient resources, weak supervision, and socio-economic resistance related to land use around airports. These conditions result in ineffective spatial control, which directly affects aviation safety and airport development. The study suggests strengthening local regulations through specific bylaws on KKOP that align with national and international standards, improving the technical capacity of local apparatus, integrating obstacle registry systems, and establishing compensation or relocation mechanisms for affected communities. Cross-sectoral coordination between central government, local government, airport authorities, and stakeholders is also essential to ensure consistent policy implementation. This research contributes to the development of aviation law, regional autonomy, and the improvement of public safety in Indonesia.