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This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in shaping the Christian character of students at SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method and secondary data analysis. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers have a strategic role as educators, mentors, facilitators, and advisors in instilling Christian values ​​such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and concern for others. Character formation is carried out through the teacher's exemplary life, integration of Biblical values ​​in the learning process, application of real faith practices in everyday life, and a learning approach that prioritizes love and understanding of students' needs. In addition, PAK teachers are expected to continue to develop themselves spiritually and professionally to increase equal effectiveness. Suggestions from this study include the importance of improving the quality and competence of teachers, providing supporting facilities and infrastructure by schools, and developing contextual, interactive, and relevant learning methods to students' lives so that Christian character formation can take place optimally.

The principal is the highest leader in an educational unit who has the task and responsibility to manage the educational unit, therefore this study aims to describe and analyze the Principal's strategy in implementing educational management and the factors that hinder and support the implementation of the Principal's strategy in implementing educational management and the efforts made by the Principal in overcoming obstacles in the implementation of Educational Management at SMA Bina Warga 1 Palembang. The research data were obtained by interviews, observation and document methods which were analyzed using interactive model analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that 1) the Principal's strategy in implementing educational management at SMA Bina Warga 1 Palembang implemented the principles and functions of educational management such as planning, organizing, implementing/driving, and supervising, especially in the governance of students, educators and education personnel, and facilities and infrastructure so that the implementation of education runs in accordance with applicable regulations. 2) inhibiting and supporting factors for the implementation of the principal's strategy in implementing educational management at SMA Bina Warga 1 Palembang including the principal's ability in educational management and leadership, support and active participation of educators and educational personnel, availability of adequate facilities and sufficient resources to support the learning process, a positive culture that has grown and developed in the school. While inhibiting factors include budget limitations, less than optimal communication and coordination, educators' understanding of new approaches to changing school conditions, and parental support that is not yet complete. 3) efforts made to overcome obstacles to the principal's strategy in implementing educational management at SMA Bina Warga 1 Palembang include optimizing the use of human resources, a persuasive approach to teachers and stakeholders, implementing time management, strengthening collaboration with parents and other stakeholders

Social and emotional learning (SEL) is an engaging and enjoyable method within the teaching and learning process. This approach is based on the understanding that academic success alone is insufficient to support students’ holistic development. One of the factors contributing to low learning motivation among students is the lack of implementation of social-emotional learning strategies in the classroom. This study aims to examine how the application of social-emotional learning in Catholic Religious Education influences student learning motivation. The research employed a quantitative method using a quasi-experimental design. The subjects were Grade 10 students at St. Joseph Catholic Vocational High School (SMK Katolik St. Yosef Nenuk). A total of 15 students from the Automotive Engineering class formed the experimental group, while another 15 students from the Building Construction and Computer Networking classes were assigned to the control group. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation, then analyzed using an independent two-sample t-test to test the hypothesis. The results showed a significant difference in student motivation between those taught with SEL and those taught with conventional methods. This is evidenced by a t-test significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. In other words, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. These findings reinforce that social-emotional learning is more effective than conventional teaching methods in increasing student motivation, particularly in Catholic Religious Education

This study aims to identify the challenges faced by teachers in teaching English at SDN 101774 Medan Estate, Deli Serdang, especially related to low student interest in learning and difficulties in understanding Question Words (5W + 1H) material. This study uses a survey method with data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth interviews with class teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that limited understanding, low student memory, and lack of active involvement in the learning process are the main obstacles in learning English. To overcome these difficulties, teachers apply various strategies such as peer dialogue, the use of picture dictionaries, gradual vocabulary memorization methods, and fun learning approaches through educational games. These strategies have been proven to help increase students' interest in learning and understanding of the material. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of innovation in learning methods and the active role of teachers in creating an interesting, interactive, and appropriate learning atmosphere for elementary school students.  

Reading ability is an important basic skill for elementary school student. However, not all students can master it well due to various factors, such as delayed language development, lack of stimulus, and specific learning disorders such as dyslexia.This research aims to determine Ultilization impact technology in supporting reading literacy for students with reading difficulties. The method employed is a literature review by analyzing many  previous studies Associated with the utlization of technology in improving reading skills.the findings of the study show that digital-based digital innovation , such as interactive learning applications, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Augmented Reality (AR), and QR-Code technology,can improve students’ reading skills. The main obstacles in implementing technologies that are less relevant to learning. Recommendations provided include increasing technology, and integrating digital methods with conventional learning approaches. This research is expected to be a reference for educators and stakeholders in the developing  process more effective strategies to improve elementary school students’ reading skills by optimally utilizing technology.

Reading ability is an important basic skill for elementary school student. However, not all students can master it well due to various factors, such as delayed language development, lack of stimulus, and specific learning disorders such as dyslexia.This research aims to determine Ultilization impact technology in supporting reading literacy for students with reading difficulties. The method employed is a literature review by analyzing many  previous studies Associated with the utlization of technology in improving reading skills.the findings of the study show that digital-based digital innovation , such as interactive learning applications, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Augmented Reality (AR), and QR-Code technology,can improve students’ reading skills. The main obstacles in implementing technologies that are less relevant to learning. Recommendations provided include increasing technology, and integrating digital methods with conventional learning approaches. This research is expected to be a reference for educators and stakeholders in the developing  process more effective strategies to improve elementary school students’ reading skills by optimally utilizing technology.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education Teachers in shaping the Emotional Quotient (EQ) of Alpha Generation children, as one of the efforts to welcome the Golden Indonesia 2045. The Alpha Generation that grows up in technological developments and global challenges requires high emotional intelligence to be able to adapt well in the future. using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, which collects theories and information from academically accountable sources such as books, journals, the Bible, and online media. The researcher selected relevant literature materials to discuss the role of Christian Religious Education teachers in shaping the emotional quotient (EQ) of Alpha Generation children. The main purpose of this study is to explore how PAK teachers can play a role in shaping children's EQ through a learning approach based on Christian religious values, as well as to find out the strategies and methods used in teaching to improve children's emotional intelligence. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of character education, especially in the context of Christian religious education, to support the achievement of the Golden Indonesia 2045 by producing a generation that is emotionally, socially, and spiritually intelligent.

The use of video media in clinical skills education has been implemented at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (UNIMUS) since 2019, particularly to enhance students’ understanding and skills in neuromotor physical examination. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of video-based teaching compared to conventional methods in clinical skills learning. A quantitative descriptive method with univariate analysis was used on 138 students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) scores and analyzed using a total sampling technique. The results showed that students who received video-based learning had significantly higher average OSCE scores (93.33 ± 8.918 SD in Block 1) than those who were taught without video media (68.12 ± 15.58 SD in Block 3). In Block 1, 98.6% of the students achieved the “excellent” score category, while only 26.1% of students in Block 3 reached the same level. These findings indicate that the use of teaching videos significantly improves students’ clinical skills and helps overcome the limitations of conventional methods, which tend to promote passive learning. Therefore, the implementation of video-based teaching media can be an effective method to improve the quality of clinical skills education, encourage active student participation, and support the achievement of optimal competencies in medical education. This approach not only enhances skill acquisition but also contributes to more engaging and student-centered learning experiences in the clinical education environment.

This study aims to examine the implementation of a differentiated learning model in improving maritime English language competency among maritime college students in Indonesia. The background of this study is based on the maritime world's need for graduates with good English language competency, especially in professional and technical contexts. The approach used was a mixed method, namely a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods within a classroom action research framework implemented over two learning cycles. Data were collected through English language competency tests, observations, and in-depth interviews. The results showed a significant increase in all aspects of maritime English competency. The highest increase occurred in speaking skills at 44.38%, while the lowest increase was in maritime vocabulary comprehension at 30.25%. After the implementation of the differentiated learning model, 78.33% of students were in the "Good" and "Very Good" competency categories. Although in the initial stages of implementation there were challenges in students' adaptation to learning methods that differ from conventional learning, these obstacles were successfully overcome through a project-based learning strategy. This strategy is considered the most effective because it is able to provide an authentic context and approximate the real conditions in the maritime workplace. Thus, it can be concluded that the differentiated learning model has proven effective in improving students' maritime English language competency. This study recommends the broader implementation of similar models in English language learning programs at maritime institutions.

The rapid transformation of technology affects various aspects of life, including education. In elementary school learning, the use of interactive learning media is an innovative solution to improve student understanding. Conventional learning methods such as lectures often get bored quickly, especially if they rely only on textbooks. Therefore, teachers need to utilize technology to create more interesting and interactive media.One effective medium is interactive PowerPoint (PPT), which combines elements of sound, images, video, text, and animation to improve students' comprehension of the subject matter. It also allows for direct feedback, increases student participation, and accelerates concept understanding. In Pancasila and citizenship as a topic Education (PPKn) in elementary school, the use of interactive media has been proven to be able to increase interest in learning and encourage students' critical thinking. This study examines several studies on media efficacy using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique. Interactive PPT in learning. The The results of the study indicate that the use ofthis media significantly improves students' understanding of PPKn learning. With a more interesting and interactive approach, students are more motivated to learn and able to understand concepts more deeply. Therefore, the integration of digital media in PPKn learning is an innovative solution in enhancing the caliber of education at the elementary school level

Inclusive education is a strategic approach in the national education system that aims to provide equal opportunities for all children, including children with special needs, to obtain quality education without discrimination. This study aimed to identify and analyse teachers' strategies in creating a pleasant learning environment for children with disabilities at Gamaliel Kindergarten in Palu, a private Christian value-based school that implements inclusive education. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results showed that teachers play a central role as facilitators, mentors and creators of an adaptive, contextualised and characterised learning atmosphere. The strategies used include adjusting learning methods, applying the values of love and acceptance, and utilising learning media that are interesting and friendly to children with disabilities. Despite facing challenges such as limited training and facilities, teachers at Gamaliel Kindergarten continue to create a conducive and inclusive learning space. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of inclusive education practices in Indonesia, especially in building child-friendly schools that uphold the values of justice and equality in learning.

This study explores the implementation of Computational Thinking (CT) in physics learning to enhance students' analytical and logical reasoning. Using an experimental approach with a problem-solving model, the research involved students enrolled in physics courses, divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group engaged in simulation-based and algorithmic problem-solving tasks, while the control group received conventional instruction. The research focused on assessing improvements in logical reasoning through pre- and post-tests. Data analysis was conducted quantitatively, comparing the pre-test and post-test results of both groups. Findings revealed that the experimental group showed a significant 31% improvement in logical reasoning skills, while the control group demonstrated a modest 5.8% improvement. This indicates that CT-based activities, such as simulations and algorithmic tasks, are more effective in enhancing students' analytical and problem-solving abilities compared to traditional methods. The study highlights the importance of integrating CT into physics education, as it promotes deeper cognitive engagement, critical thinking, and practical problem-solving skills. These findings suggest that CT strategies can be a powerful tool in improving students' reasoning abilities and better preparing them for complex scientific and real-world challenges.

This study aims to examine the understanding of students of SMAN 1 Surakarta towards the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE), especially in the aspect of social media rights and the importance of background verification when applying for a job. This study used a qualitative approach with interview and participatory observation methods. The results showed that although students have basic knowledge of the prohibitions in ITE Law, their understanding of specific articles and legal consequences is still low. Formal education on ITE Law has not been optimally integrated in the school curriculum, so students obtain information from the media or personal experience. When it comes to verifying information when applying for a job, students tend to focus on the technical aspects, with no awareness of the importance of building a digital reputation. These findings underscore the need for educational approaches that are contextualized and based on students' digital experiences, such as case study-based learning and collaboration with legal practitioners. This research contributes to the development of digital law learning designs that are responsive to the needs of Generation Z and opens up opportunities for further research on digital legal literacy at the secondary education level.

The incidence of short toddlers or commonly called stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers in the world today. Stunting is a chronic condition in toddlers that describes inhibited body growth due to nutritional deficiencies in the long term. Stunting can have a bad impact on a person both in the short and long term. The adverse impact in the short term is disruption of brain development, intelligence, physical growth disorders, and metabolic disorders in the body. Meanwhile, the long-term adverse effects are decreased cognitive ability and learning achievement, decreased immunity, and a high risk of diabetes, obesity, heart and vascular disease, cancer, stroke, and disability in old age. Objective: To analyze the corellation between the level of knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the UPTD Panarung Palangka Raya Health Center and to analyze the relationship between the age of the mother during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the UPTD Panarung Health Center Palangka Raya. Methods: The design of this study is correlational (Non-Experimental), a type of cross sectional approach; the sample is 59 respondents at the UPTD Panarung Health Center. Results: Based on the results of the Spearman Rank statistical test, a value of p 0.000 < 0.05 can be concluded that H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a meaningful corellation between maternal knowledge and stunting incidence. And the results of  the Spearman Rank  statistical test obtained a value of p 0.009 < 0.05, it can be concluded that H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a meaningful corellation between the mother's age and the incidence of stunting. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is a corellation between the level of awareness and the incidence of stunting in toddlers. And there is a corellation between the age of the mother during pregnancy and the incidence  of stunting in toddlers.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the SPIRIT model of problem-based biology learning (SSIPBL) on the respiratory system material at Muhammadiyah 1 Sragen High School in the 2024/2025 academic year and to determine whether this model can improve students' learning outcomes. The research type used is quantitative with an experimental design. Data collection was carried out through learning outcome tests, observations, and interviews. Based on the t-test results, a significance value (sig.) of 0.198 was obtained, which is greater than the 0.05 value, indicating that there is no significant difference between the experimental group using the SSIPBL model and the control group using conventional learning methods. Factors affecting the ineffectiveness of this model's implementation include teacher readiness, limited time, lack of student involvement, and inadequate infrastructure. The results of this study show that the implementation of the SPIRIT SSIPBL model on the respiratory system material does not significantly improve students' learning outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended to improve supporting aspects, such as teacher training, better time management, and increasing student motivation and involvement in problem-based learning. Indicates that the implementation of the SPIRIT model of Socio-Scientific Problem-Based Learning (SSIPBL) can significantly improve students' learning outcomes on the respiratory system material senior High School for the. These results suggest that SSIPBL has the potential to enhance students' understanding through a problem-based approach that connects scientific phenomena with social issues, and its implementation in the field met expectations.

This study examines the implementation of photosynthesis learning as an effort to foster environmental awareness among children of Putera Bonang Orphanage Banjarmasin. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach, focusing on the process of learning, the changes in children’s attitudes, and their behavioral responses toward the environment. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation to capture the impact of the learning activities. The findings indicate that introducing photosynthesis through interactive and contextual learning methods not only enhanced children’s understanding of the concept but also encouraged them to adopt more positive attitudes, such as caring for plants, maintaining cleanliness, and engaging in environmentally friendly activities. The study concludes that photosynthesis learning can serve as an effective educational tool to cultivate environmental awareness and responsibility among orphanage children, thus contributing to character development based on scientific knowledge and ecological values.

This study aims to measure and analyse the relationship between variables and obtain an accurate picture of the most significant factors in predicting student achievement motivation in online learning including internal, external, type of learning, psychological variables, fatigue variables, and achievement motivation of non Pendas Open University students in online learning. The research approach is ex-post facto quantitative method. With a sample size of 200 people, with research variables internal variables (X1), psychological variables (X2), fatigue variables (X3), external variables (X4), learning type variables (X5) and achievement motivation (Y). Data was collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-4. Then the data was analysed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method by looking at the p-value, by measuring the outer model and inner model. The results showed that external variables have a significant and high influence on achievement motivation with a statistical T value of 3.196, p-value 0.001, and F square 0.104. This indicates that external factors, such as environmental support and facilities, play an important role in motivating students. Internal variables and learning types also have a significant influence with a medium effect strength, indicated by an F square value of 0.061. Internal factors, including self-management and intrinsic motivation, as well as the type of learning methods used, play a moderate role in influencing students' motivation. Psychology also had a significant effect with moderate strength (F square 0.037), signalling the importance of students' mental and emotional state. Meanwhile, fatigue showed no significant effect on achievement motivation (T statistic 0.684, p-value 0.494).

The rapid advancement of technology is evidenced by numerous innovations that simplify human tasks, particularly in the agricultural sector. Various farming methods are offered to produce fruits and vegetables without using chemical pesticides. Hydroponic techniques have been implemented to maximize crop yields without the use of chemicals in the plant care process. The community in Barean Village, Ploso, Pacitan Regency still relies on conventional farming methods. Conventional farming methods, apart from requiring large areas, also have adverse environmental and health impacts due to the use of chemical pesticides. Farmer have to spend quite a lot of capital to provide large amounts of fertiliser to treat the plants in their fields. The results obtained from conventional farming methods are not worth the capital spent. Hydroponic farming metode is an agricultural method that uses water as a growing medium. This method is recognised as an environmentally friendly method, as it uses water and nutrient solutions as a substitute for nutrients found in soil. Autor introduces hydroponic cultivation methods to the public through a digital platform. People from all walks of life can learn farming techniques using the hydroponic method, as it is more visually appealing, and can be operated interactively. Hydroponic techniques can be effectively learned through this 2D interactive media, which provides comprehensive knowledge about the hydroponic method, equipment, materials, and proper cultivation methods. The final section of this interactive media features a simple quiz to assess knowledge for novice farmers. The design of 2D Interactive Based Hydroponic Farming Learning Media is expected to be an attraction for the community in the field of agriculture. The development of this 2D Interactive Hydroponic Farming Educational Media is intended to serve as a solution for hydroponic cultivation education, thereby maximizing agricultural productivity.

The study focuses on the significance of Indonesian language literacy in the context of the digital era, highlighting the complexities and challenges in learning and practicing literacy due to technological advancements. The primary objective is to identify effective methods for enhancing literacy skills amidst the proliferation of misinformation and hoaxes, emphasizing that literacy extends beyond reading and writing to include critical thinking skills necessary for evaluating valid information. This article employs a qualitative approach through literature review, presenting various strategies such as integrating technology into learning, promoting a reading culture, developing digital content in Indonesian, and systematically instilling digital literacy. The key findings underscore the essential role of multiple stakeholders in fostering a literacy culture that adapts to contemporary challenges. Ultimately, this research aims to serve as a reference for developing more effective literacy policies and programs that enhance Indonesian language literacy skills in the face of rapid technological advancements.

This study explores strategies to address students' difficulties in understanding and solving mathematical word problems involving long division in elementary schools. These difficulties can stem from internal factors, such as a lack of conceptual understanding, low motivation, and inaccuracy in solving problems, as well as external factors, such as ineffective teaching methods and minimal use of instructional media. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research examines previous studies that discuss the causes of learning difficulties and possible solutions. The findings indicate that a contextual approach based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and the use of concrete teaching aids can significantly enhance students' comprehension of long division. This approach helps students connect learning with real-life experiences and visualize mathematical concepts more clearly. Therefore, innovative instructional strategies are essential to improve elementary school students' understanding and numerical skills.