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This study aims to determine the extent of the positive and significant relationship between the professional competence of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers and the learning outcomes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Balige in the 2024/2025 academic year. This research uses a quantitative method with a descriptive inferential approach. The population of the study consists of all class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Balige, totaling 149 students. The sampling method used is random sampling, with a sample size of 54 students. The research instruments used are a closed questionnaire to measure the professional competence of teachers and UH (Ulangan Harian or Daily Test) scores to measure student learning outcomes. The data analysis results show that: a) the correlation test obtained a value of rcount = 0.293, which is greater than rtable = 0.226, indicating a positive relationship between the two variables; b) the significance test yielded a value of tcount = 2.210, which is greater than ttable = 2.000, meaning the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the professional competence of CRE teachers has a significant relationship with student learning outcomes. Therefore, improving teachers’ professional competence is expected to enhance student learning outcomes. This study contributes to the development of education and can serve as a reference for teachers and schools to improve the quality of teaching.

For a woman, pregnancy is a phase of life that is full of significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes. Pregnancy also affects psychological and emotional aspects, which are often associated with the psychological health of the mother. Sexuality is an important part of human life, and is influenced by hormonal, physical, and psychological changes during pregnancy, but is often overlooked in research on maternal well-being. To find out the relationship between sexual well-being and psychological health in pregnant women in the Kuningan Bandarharjo sub-district area. Quantitative cross-sectional, the sample used purposive sampling of 77 respondents. The correlation test used is the contingency coefficient. Most respondents are 25-30 years old. The results of the Somers test "obtained a value (ρ-Value) of 0.000, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the relationship between sexual well-being and psychological health in pregnant women in the Kuningan Bandarharjo sub-district area, The correlation value obtained was 0.781, it can be interpreted that the strength of the relationship between sexual well-being and psychological health of pregnant women in the Kuningan Bandarharjo sub-district area is strong.

The phenomenon of throning, which refers to the practice of seeking partners with high social status to enhance self-image, is increasingly prevalent among Generation Z. Although it may seem appealing, throning poses negative issues such as unrealistic expectations, a transactional view of relationships, and the potential for unhappiness that impacts individuals' mental health. This article aims to critically analyze throning behavior from the perspective of Christian Religious Education, emphasizing the importance of spiritual values in building healthy relationships. The research method employed is qualitative, using a literature review approach that involves analyzing written sources related to throning and Christian Religious Education. The findings indicate that throning contradicts the pursuit of a life partner, as well as the principles of love and respect for the intrinsic value of individuals taught in the Bible. The study concludes by affirming the need for a holistic approach to understanding relationships, grounded in spiritual values rather than social status. Recommendations for future research include more in-depth empirical studies on the impact of throning on mental health and interpersonal relationships, as well as a deeper exploration of Biblical knowledge, which highlights the importance of moral and spiritual values in relationship contexts, even in the digital age. It is hoped that individuals can build more authentic relationships through the lens of the Bible and glorify God.

Background: Morbus Hansen or better known as leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae which can affect the skin, nerves, respiratory tract, and other body tissues. Objective: the effectiveness of physiotherapy intervention in patients with drop foot e.c. morbus hansen in the form of active ROM exercises, strengthening and sensory stimulation. Method: this study uses a case study approach in patients with drop foot e.c. morbus hansen taken from RSUD Sumberglagah Mojokerto. Results: the provision of strengthening interventions increased muscle strength after 8 therapy sessions on the left plantar flexion movement from a value of 3 to 4, active ROM workouts also increased Range of Motion (ROM) after 8 therapy sessions in the sagittal plane of the left dorsi flexion movement from 20° to 35°, decreased tenderness in the left foot area after 8 therapy sessions from a value of 4 to a value of 1 and increased sensory on both soles of the feet on the left lateral and deskra inferior medial sides. Conclusion: Based on the research of the case study of droop foot ec morbus hansen, it shows that the intervention of ROM exercises, strengthening and stimulation of sensibility produces good results even though there are several aspects that have not shown significant results.

Leadership is often associated with symbols, one of which is the rank insignia worn by regional leaders in Indonesia. This symbol is believed to provide legitimacy and authority to leaders; however, its effectiveness remains debatable, especially when compared to regional leaders in other countries who do not wear rank insignia. This study analyzes rank insignia from the perspectives of Christian theology and leadership psychology to understand its impact on performance, competence, and public perception of leadership. From a Christian theological perspective, ideal leadership emphasizes service over symbolic authority. Meanwhile, in psychological studies, rank insignia can enhance a leader’s confidence but may also create psychological distance from the public and increase mental pressure. This study compares the effectiveness of regional leadership with and without rank insignia, considering factors such as competence, transparency, and public participation. The analysis reveals that the substance of leadership is more important than visual symbols such as rank insignia. These findings provide implications for developing leadership based on performance and inclusivity, while also encouraging further research on the psychological impact of leadership symbols in modern governance.  

North Kalimantan Province as one of the regions is required to prioritize capital expenditure to support community economic activities. The Budget Realization Report (LRA) as a form of government accountability in managing finances shows priorities on government operational expenditures. The purpose of this study is to examine the financial performance of the Regional Government of North Kalimantan Province for Fiscal Year 2018 – 2022 using 5 data analysis tools consisting of: 1) Regional Financial Independence Ratio, 2) Growth Ratio, 3) Regional Original Revenue Effectiveness Ratio, 4) Regional Financial Efficiency Ratio, and 5) Compatibility Ratio. This research includes quantitative research with a descriptive approach derived from secondary data, namely the North Kalimantan Provincial Government Budget Realization Report 2018 – 2022. The results of the study using the ratio of regional financial independence showed the value of independence classified as consultancy

Analyzing how counseling services affect students' motivation to learn is the goal of this study. A quasi-experimental design with control and experimental groups is the methodology employed. Questionnaires completed both before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the treatment were used to collect data. According to the study's findings, students who receive counseling services report feeling far more motivated to learn. With an average rise of 12.78%, the average learning motivation score rose from 55.91% (low category) to 68.70% (high category). Wilcoxon test statistical analysis supports these findings, demonstrating that counseling services have a significant impact on students' increased drive to learn (p < 0.05). The utilization of counseling services as a successful strategy to increase students' motivation to learn is one area in which this research greatly contributes to the field of education. Students who lack motivation to learn can benefit from this in order to enhance their academic performance.

This qualitative literature review explores the paradox of decentralized capital contributing to the continued centralization of innovation activity within established geographic hubs. Drawing on recent empirical studies, the review synthesizes findings on how venture capital (VC), though increasingly distributed across regions, remains concentrated in innovation ecosystems such as Silicon Valley, Boston, and New York. The analysis highlights factors including relational investing, agglomeration economies, and institutional embeddedness that reinforce this geographic concentration. While remote investing and public policy efforts aim to expand capital access, they often fall short of disrupting entrenched spatial dynamics. The findings underscore how venture capital acts not merely as a financial resource but as a structuring force that shapes the geography of innovation. The study contributes to understanding the limitations of capital diffusion in fostering regional entrepreneurial development and calls for more integrative policy interventions to balance growth.

Christian religious education teachers need to have strategies to increase the learning interest of students in grades three to six in elementary education institutions including at State Elementary School 21 Agak Hulu. Christian religious education teachers who carry out their main duties at State Elementary School 21 Agak Hulu because some students at the school do not have the interest in learning or the desire to learn is very lacking, so that the learning outcomes they receive are very unsatisfactory. This article aims to discuss the strategies of Christian religious education teachers in increasing student learning interest, so that students increasingly increase their interest in participating in learning, both at school and at home responsibly. The methodology used in this study is qualitative with a data processing approach, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The formulation of the theoretical results of this thesis is that if Christian religious education teachers have loyalty in encouraging students to increase their interest in learning to the maximum, then students will be more motivated in the learning process at home and at school. Thus, the simple conclusion of this thesis is that the more Christian religious education teachers have strategies to motivate students in the learning process at school, the more students will maximize and optimize their learning interest, especially students at Agak Hulu 21 Public Elementary School.

This study examines the impact of Christian Religious Education Management on the spiritual development and character formation of children in Christian families, especially in the Tengko Klasis Walendrang Timur Congregation. This study emphasizes the basic role of the family as the primary environment in instilling moral and spiritual values, despite challenges arising from the negative influences of technological advances and modern lifestyles. Using a quantitative approach and purposive sampling technique, this study assesses how parental guidance—with the support of church education programs such as Sunday School and Catechism—contributes to the formation of a strong Christian identity in children. The results of the study indicate that effective education management, in which parents act as educators, motivators, facilitators, mentors, and role models, is essential to fostering sustainable spiritual growth and positive character. This study concludes that increased collaboration between families and churches is needed to strengthen spiritual education so that children can develop mature and resilient Christian characters.

Research highlights the close relationship between humans and culture, especially in the context of Indonesia's indigenous tribes. The Timor Soe tribe, who inhabit the West Timor region, have unique traditions and views on life that are reflected in the design and symbolism of Ume Kbubu. This research aims to determine the perspective of the Timor Soe Tribe about humans through the symbolism and meaning of the traditional ume kbubu house. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach to collect and analyze data from various literature sources. The research results show that Ume Kbubu not only functions as a place to live, but also as a symbol of the cultural and spiritual identity of the Timor Soe Tribe. This house depicts the social, moral, religious and political values ​​that are important in the life of the tribe. The Timor Soe Tribe's perspective on humans emphasizes a holistic relationship between humans and nature, where balance and respect for the environment are the main principles. The implications of this research show that an in-depth understanding of the cultural perspective of the Timor Soe Tribe can provide valuable insight into efforts to preserve culture and environmental sustainability. The values ​​of sustainability and balance adhered to by this tribe are relevant in facing current global challenges, such as climate change and environmental degradation. Thus, this research emphasizes the importance of maintaining and valuing cultural diversity as an integral part of human identity and sustainability.

Christology is the theological study of the person, nature, and work of Jesus Christ. This paper traces the development of Christology from the first century to the fifth century, highlighting the theological dynamics that took place in the early church. In the first century, Christology was based on the teachings of the apostles and the New Testament writings, with the main debate being over the humanity and divinity of Christ. The second and third centuries were characterized by the emergence of various theological schools, such as Gnosticism, Docetism, and Monarchianism, which prompted the church to affirm orthodox teachings. In the fourth century, the Council of Nicea (325 AD) and the Council of Constantinople (381 AD) played an important role in rejecting Arianism and affirming the oneness of Christ's essence with the Father. The fifth century witnessed more complex Christological debates, culminating in the Council of Ephesus (431 AD) and the Council of Chalcedon (451 AD), which established that Christ has two natures divine and human in one undivided person. This research confirms that the development of Christology in the first five centuries provided the foundation for Christian doctrine that continues to influence theological thought today.

This research aims to determine the influence of perceptions and knowledge about taxation on students' interest in working in the field of taxation. This type of research is mixed research. The population of this research is Accounting students at the Indonesian Christian University. The method used in this research is purposive sampling for quantitative and snowball sampling for qualitative with specified criteria, namely students who have taken a specialization in taxation. The theory used in this research is the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This research was processed using SPSS with the multiple linear regression method and in analyzing the data this research used descriptive statistics, data quality testing, classical assumption testing, and also hypothesis testing. The results of this research show that the variables of perception and knowledge about taxation have a positive and significant effect on students' interest in working in the field of taxation.

The song "Hujan" is one of the songs popularized by the band Utopia, a band from Indonesia. The band Utopia is known as a pop-rock music genre and Utopia was formed in the 2000s and the song "Hujan" is a song released in 2007 which has strong vocals and a melancholic melody that makes it one of the musical works that is interpreted as an expression of feelings of sadness and longing that are hard to forget. In addition to its touching melody, the strength of the lyrics of this song also lies in the use of language style and figures of speech that enrich the meaning and emotions that are intended to be conveyed. Then the rain of Utopia itself describes the mood and feelings buried in sadness and silence accompanied by the falling rain. Through the lyrics, the singer expresses deep feelings for someone who has left, while reminiscing about the beautiful memories that once existed and this song describes how rain becomes a friend of loneliness and sadness and becomes a reminder of the unforgettable past

Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for cervical cancer screening. However, the interest of women of reproductive age (WRA) in undergoing VIA tests remains low. It is believed that knowledge and attitude significantly influence their interest in undergoing VIA screening. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitude of women of reproductive age and their interest in undergoing VIA tests in the working area of Mensiku Public Health Center, Binjai Hulu District, Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan Province, in 2024. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach, with a sample of WRA selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using chi-square statistical tests. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge level, attitude, and the interest in undergoing VIA tests. Women with good knowledge and positive attitudes had a higher interest in undergoing VIA screening compared to those with poor knowledge and negative attitudes. Therefore, improving knowledge and fostering positive attitudes toward VIA tests are essential to increase the interest of WRA in undergoing this screening, which could serve as an initial step in preventing cervical cancer.

This research aims to find out how much influence local wisdom and service quality have on purchasing decisions with price as an intervening variable at the Bebek Sawah Restaurant in Padang City. The population in this study is unknown, therefore this study uses the ferdinant formula. and the sample used in this research was Bebek Sawah customers in Padang City, namely 68 people. The method used is Structur Equation Modeling (SEM) with Particular Least Square (PLS) 3.0. by using a questionnaire as many as 68 respondents. The results of data analysis conclude that there is a positive and significant influence of local wisdom variables on purchasing decisions. There is a positive and significant influence of service quality variables on purchasing decisions. There is a positive and significant influence of the price variable on the purchasing decision variable. There is a positive and insignificant influence of the local wisdom variable on the purchasing decision variable through the price variable as an intervening variable. There is a positive and insignificant influence of the service quality variable on the purchasing decision variable through price as an intervening variable.

Electrical energy is a vital need to support daily life in various sectors such as industry, housing and government. In Indonesia, the majority of electrical energy is still produced from fossil fuel plants, which have significant environmental impacts and limited resources. Therefore, the development of renewable energy is crucial to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. One promising alternative is the Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH), which uses flowing water to produce electrical energy. This research focuses on the implementation of MHP in Babakan Banten Village, Bogor Regency, an area with the potential for abundant water flow throughout the year. This project aims to provide a reliable electricity supply for communities, most of whom do not yet have access to electricity from the national grid. This study includes the process of planning, assembling and testing the MHP system using field data such as river water discharge, land elevation (head) and other technical specifications. The measurement results show that the PLTMH with a generator capacity of 2 kW is able to meet the electricity needs of 18 houses in Babakan Village, Banten. System testing shows good operational stability with optimal turbine rotation at full load and results in accordance with planning. It is hoped that the implementation of this PLTMH will not only increase accessibility to sustainable electrical energy, but will also have a positive impact on the welfare of local communities. Utilization of locally available natural resources not only reduces dependence on conventional energy, but also becomes a real example of the application of technology for sustainable development in remote areas of Indonesia.

The present study was aimed at gaining knowledge about the type of pathogen responsible for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) infections and evaluating the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against Candida spp. antibiotic resistance. 112 samples were taken from infected women with VVC of different ages from September to December 2024. All specimens were collected from Al Hussein Teaching Hospital/ Al- Thiqar- governorate. The results showed that 67 (59.82%) of all cases had positive results for Candida spp., while 45 (40.18%) had negative results. Candida spp. Isolated from VVC were C. albicans, the most prevalent 33 (49.26%), C. glabrata, 12 (17.91%), C. krusi and C. kefyr, 9 (13.43%), and C. guilliermondii, 4 (6.90%). The antifungal sensitivity of the pathogenic Candida spp. was tested against five types of antifungals, and the results showed the highest resistance to ketoconazole was 66 (98.51%) of Candida spp. Because of the presence of these physiologically active chemicals, Zizyphus spina-christi L. exhibits antimicrobial capabilities. In this study, the main aim is to study the antifungal activity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract on some resistant candida and conduct analysis to confirm that the Ziziphus spina-christi leaves have phytochemical contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to find the bioactive components present in extracts of Z. spina-christi leaves. Finally, we decided the inhibitory activity of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract. The extract of Ziziphus spina-christi had alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, tannic acid, and terpenoids, according to a preliminary phytochemical screen. In addition, GC-MS analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of many beneficial chemicals. The extract showed promising antimicrobial activity for Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata,C. krusi , C. kefyr, and C. guilliermondii)  . These results show that the Ziziphus spina-christi leaves extract is a valuable resource for bioactive chemicals with potential uses in a variety of biological contexts.

Bandung Regency, which is experiencing overcapacity in landfills, has implemented a waste management solution involving the separation of organic and inorganic waste. Inorganic waste, which is notoriously difficult to decompose, has prompted the Bandung Regency government to adopt a community-focused approach to waste management, establishing waste banks in school-age communities. However, the project has encountered challenges, as evidenced by the fact that some schools have implemented waste banks but have not been actively engaged in their operations. This has led to the project's suboptimal implementation in Bandung Regency schools.The objective of this study is to identify the challenges associated with the inactivity of waste banks in Bandung Regency schools, as perceived by students and administrators.The study utilises the triple drivers of ecopreneurship, focusing on the economic, social, and environmental benefits of school waste banks. This research employs a mixed methods approach, utilising both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The quantitative approach involves the administration of surveys to students, followed by data processing using descriptive statistics. The qualitative method involves conducting interviews with administrators, and the data is processed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings of the research indicate that the implementation of a waste bank for the management of inorganic waste in a school environment is positively received by the school, despite the presence of obstacles related to waste collection sites, socialisation among students, and differences between administrators and students regarding the most significant focus or choice for implementing waste banks in schools.It is anticipated that the research results will contribute to the understanding of inorganic waste management in waste banks that are less active in the school environment. The study thus recommends further research in schools that are routine or active in waste bank implementation activities, with a view to describing overall information about the implementation of school waste banks, especially in schools in Bandung Regency with school waste bank projects.

This article examines the contribution of the Christian Religious Education Programme with the concept of discipleship to the spiritual maturity of ministers at Baithani Kadosh Christian Church. Using a qualitative approach through a literature review, this research explores the literature on theology, Christian education, and the practice of discipleship in the context of church ministry. Analyses were conducted by integrating discipleship theories, spiritual leadership strategies, and spiritual formation practices that have been implemented in PAK. The results of the study show that the PAK concept of discipleship not only enhances the leadership competence of God's servants, but also deepens their spiritual maturity through personal transformation, increased understanding of the Bible, and the application of Christian values in daily life. This finding confirms the importance of the discipleship programme as one of the strategic instruments in shaping a mature and relevant spiritual character in church ministry.