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Communication is a crucial element in the learning process, particularly in the education of students with special needs who possess diverse characteristics, abilities, and communication requirements. These differences require teachers to implement adaptive communication strategies to ensure that learning messages are effectively conveyed and understood by students. This study aims to analyze the communication at SLB YPAC Medan. The subjects of this study specifically focused on third-grade students with intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) and slow learners. The. The study adopted a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers apply communication strategies through a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of simple language, repetition of learning materials, and step-by-step instructions tailored to students’ abilities. Meanwhile, nonverbal communication is expressed through facial expressions, body movements, eye contact, and the use of visual learning media to clarify instructional messages. In addition, interpersonal approaches emphasizing patience, attention, empathy, and emotional closeness were found to enhance the effectiveness of teacher–student interactions. Supporting factors include adequate school facilities, psychological services, and therapy programs, while inhibiting factors involve differences in students’ characteristics and limitations in their communication abilities. This study concludes that adaptive communication strategies that accommodate individual student needs play a significant role in creating an effective, comfortable, and supportive learning environment for students with special needs.

This study aims to analyze the religious and spiritual symbols represented in the film Titip Surat untuk Tuhan through Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach, focusing on the three levels of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using semiotic analysis based on document studies of selected scenes, dialogues, and visual elements portraying religious values, prayer, sacrifice, patience, hope, gratitude, and trust in God. The findings reveal that symbols such as the mosque, mukena, sarong, prayer mat, the Qur’an, prayer activities, the post office as a medium for sending letters to God, and the calligraphy of “Allah” and “Prophet Muhammad” on the walls function not only as literal signs but also convey profound religious and spiritual connotations. These symbols further develop into myths that reinforce religious norms and cultural beliefs accepted as natural within society. The film successfully constructs a subtle yet powerful representation of faith by portraying a Muslim family that upholds devotion, moral values, patience, compassion, and an enduring relationship with God. Overall, the film demonstrates how religious symbols effectively communicate spiritual messages while strengthening viewers’ understanding of Islamic values through visual and narrative storytelling.

Pressure sensitive labels (PSLs) made of polyethylene (PE) white are widely used in the packaging industry due to their flexibility, moisture resistance, and ease of application on various substrates. This study aimed to examine the effect of glossy and matte lamination on the tensile strength and color difference (ΔE) of PE white PSLs. An experimental method was employed, with tensile testing conducted using a universal testing machine (UTM) in accordance with ASTM standards and color measurement performed using a spectrodensitometer based on the CIE Lab system. The samples were divided into three treatment groups, namely no lamination, glossy lamination, and matte lamination, with ink coverage controlled at two design conditions, full ink and minim ink. The results indicated that lamination type significantly affected both the mechanical and visual characteristics of the labels. In the tensile strength test, the highest mean value was obtained by one treatment group, indicating superior resistance to tensile loading. In terms of color stability, higher ΔE values indicated greater color change and lower lightfastness, whereas lower ΔE values reflected better color retention. Overall, the findings show that the combination of lamination type and ink coverage influences the performance of PE white PSLs in both mechanical strength and color stability.

Independent Nursing Practice (INP) is a form of healthcare service that provides direct care to the community, including Homecare services. Public interest in these services is influenced by various factors; however, the dominant factors affecting interest in the Tambah Rejo area have not been clearly identified. This study aimed to identify and analyze factors associated with interest in Homecare services at independent nursing practices and to determine the most influential factor. This study employed a quantitative approach using an analytical survey design with a cross-sectional method. A total of 153 respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed significant relationships between economic factors (p = 0.023; OR = 2.187), distance (p = 0.003; OR = 0.361), comfort (p < 0.001; OR = 49.67), service quality (p = 0.009; OR = 0.404), family support (p < 0.001; OR = 52.62), patient satisfaction (p < 0.001; OR = 0.212), and interest in Homecare services. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that comfort was the most dominant factor influencing interest in Homecare services (p < 0.001; OR = 0.124). Comfort was identified as the strongest determinant affecting community interest in Homecare services at independent nursing practices. Therefore, improving comfort in service delivery should be a primary priority in the development of independent nursing practices.

The development of stand-up comedy as part of the creative industry raises legal issues regarding the protection of materials that are often duplicated and distributed without authorization. This study examines the legal qualification of stand-up comedy material as a copyrighted work and the form and scope of copyright protection provided under Indonesian law. This research aims to analyze the legal status of stand-up comedy material and the protection granted to it. The method used is normative juridical research with statutory and comparative law approaches. The results show that stand-up comedy material fulfills the requirements of a protected work as it contains originality and has been expressed in a tangible form. It is classified as a literary work in the form of oral expression as well as a performing art under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. The protection covers both moral rights and economic rights; however, its implementation remains weak, especially in the digital era where violations such as re-uploading and unauthorized recording are prevalent. In conclusion, stand-up comedy material has a strong legal basis for protection, but further efforts are needed in law enforcement and public awareness to ensure effective protection.

This study examines the effectiveness of integrating the demonstration method with audio-visual interactive multimedia to enhance Grade III elementary students' proficiency in sunnah rawatib prayers. A quasi-experimental design was employed with an experimental group (n=21) receiving demonstration-assisted multimedia instruction and a control group (n=22) undergoing conventional teaching. The primary instrument was a validated worship practice observation checklist (CVR=1; Cronbach's Alpha=0.873). Data analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, N-Gain calculation, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The experimental group achieved a posttest mean of 85.95 (100% mastery rate) compared to the control group's 74.32 (77.27% mastery). The experimental group's N-Gain score of 0.7146 (high category) substantially exceeded the control group's 0.4423 (moderate category). The Mann-Whitney U test yielded an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of < .001, confirming a statistically significant difference between both groups. These findings affirm that demonstration enriched by interactive multimedia scaffolding effectively constructs students' procedural knowledge of worship rituals and optimally engages multiple sensory modalities at the primary level.

  Abstract.. The development of modernization in corn farming in Kalibareng Village, Patean District, Kendal Regency has the potential to cause the loss of traditional terms used by the farming community. This study aims to describe and analyze the lexicon of corn farming in Kalibareng Village, Patean District, Kendal Regency, and to reveal the lexical and contextual meaning contained therein. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with  field research and semantic studies as the main approach. Data were obtained through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of corn farmers in Kalibareng Village. The results show that there are 44 lexicons divided into three categories, namely cultivation processes, agricultural tools, and agricultural materials. The lexical meaning in the lexicon refers to the basic meaning according to its referent, while the contextual meaning is influenced by the situation of use in agricultural activities. The contextual meanings found include process context, time context, and function context. This study shows that the corn farming lexicon not only functions as a communication tool, but also represents local knowledge, culture, and farming experiences of the Kalibareng Village community that have been passed down from generation to generation.

This study aims to evaluate the level of sharia compliance in musyarakah contracts within micro-enterprise financing. Musyarakah is a partnership-based financing contract that emphasizes cooperation, profit-sharing based on an agreed ratio (nisbah), and proportional risk sharing in accordance with each party’s capital contribution. In practice, the implementation of musyarakah contracts in micro-enterprise financing must be assessed against the Fatwa of the National Sharia Council–Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI), principles of fiqh muamalah, and Islamic banking regulatory frameworks in Indonesia. The findings show that the implementation of musyarakah working capital financing in Islamic banking is generally in the good category. However, two non-compliance issues with sharia principles were identified. First, there is an imbalance in work participation, where the business is fully managed by the customer while the bank only provides supervision and guidance without active involvement, whereas active participation of partners is a fundamental principle of musyarakah. Second, there is an element of riba due to the use of a fixed profit-sharing scheme, even though profits in musyarakah should be uncertain and based on actual business performance. The study implies that Islamic banks need to improve musyarakah implementation to ensure full compliance with DSN-MUI fatwas, particularly in terms of active bank participation and non-fixed profit-sharing arrangements. Properly implemented, musyarakah financing can strengthen micro and small enterprises by promoting justice-based and risk-sharing economic cooperation.

The study examines John 15:1–8, highlighting its Christological, ecclesiological dimensions, and pastoral implications in a contemporary context, particularly in West Kalimantan. Employing an exegetical approach integrated with theological reflection, the metaphor of the “true vine” is understood as a declaration of Jesus’ identity as the source of authentic life and the relational foundation of the community of disciples. The concept of “abiding” is interpreted as an ongoing existential connectedness with Christ, expressed through practices of faith such as engagement with the Word, prayer, and love. Meanwhile, “bearing fruit” is not merely ethical output but an authentic manifestation of life grounded in this relational union. Furthermore, the study argues that Johannine ecclesiology is organic in nature, portraying the church as a living community deriving its existence from and in Christ, rather than a purely institutional structure. The pastoral implications of this metaphor are significant in addressing local challenges such as individualism, ecological crisis, religious plurality, and the spiritual formation of youth. Using a praxis–reflection–praxis framework, the text is integrated into theological education as a model linking faith reflection with concrete action. The findings affirm that Christ-centered spirituality fosters personal and communal transformation relevant to the contemporary church.

Identity politics has become one of the most debated concepts in contemporary democratic discourse, yet its conceptual boundaries remain poorly defined in both academic and public conversations. This paper argues that three commonly conflated terms political identity, identity politics, and the politicization of identity carry fundamentally distinct meanings with divergent normative and practical consequences. Through a conceptual literature review, this study synthesizes theoretical frameworks and empirical findings to demonstrate that while political identity refers to an individual's self-positioning within a political community, and identity politics denotes collective action by marginalized groups seeking recognition, the politicization of identity is an elite-driven strategy of exploiting social group markers for political gain. This distinction matters because the conflation of these terms obscures how digital platforms  through filter bubble and echo chamber mechanisms  amplify identity-based polarization in Indonesia and beyond. The study finds that social media algorithms do not merely reflect pre-existing social divisions but actively intensify affective polarization by constructing homogeneous information environments that deepen inter-group animosity. The paper concludes with implications for digital citizenship and democratic resilience in Indonesia.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly influenced higher education, including learning practices among students of Islamic Education (PAI). Applications such as ChatGPT, Claude AI, and Gemini are widely used to support academic activities, including information searching, understanding course materials, idea generation, and assignment completion. This study aims to examine the use of AI among PAI students and analyze its implications for critical thinking skills. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed at the Islamic Education Program of UIN Salatiga. Data were collected through written interviews with 12 students selected using purposive sampling and analyzed using an interactive data analysis model. The findings reveal that AI has become an important part of students’ academic activities due to its perceived usefulness and ease of use. Most participants demonstrated critical thinking behaviors by verifying AI-generated information, comparing multiple academic sources, and evaluating the accuracy of responses before using them for academic purposes. Nevertheless, excessive dependence on AI was found to potentially reduce students’ independent learning and analytical engagement. The study concludes that AI has a dual impact on critical thinking: it can enhance critical thinking when used reflectively and responsibly, but it may also weaken cognitive involvement when relied upon excessively. Therefore, strengthening AI literacy, digital literacy, and critical thinking skills is essential in higher education learning practices.

The study critically examines the Gospel of John as a theological text integrating the incarnate Logos and sacramental symbolism. Using a qualitative, library-based approach with historical-critical and hermeneutical analysis, it shows that John’s Gospel not only narrates Jesus’ life but constructs a symbolic, existential, and transformative theological reflection. The Logos shifts from a metaphysical principle to a personal reality in history through the incarnation, enabling a concrete encounter between God and humanity. Within this framework, symbols such as water and bread function as media of revelation guiding individuals toward a living, relational faith experience. Furthermore, sacramental symbolism in the Gospel of John is ontologically grounded in the incarnation of the Logos. Faith is thus understood not merely as intellectual assent but as participation in divine life that transforms human existence. The integration of Christological and sacramental dimensions indicates that faith is holistic, encompassing spiritual, material, and relational aspects. Thus, the Gospel of John presents a theological vision of faith as a concrete and dynamic existential encounter, relevant for contemporary theological reflection.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Poago tradition in Kapoa Barat Village, South Buton Regency, identify the Islamic values embedded within it, and explain its role as a form of local wisdom in the community. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving traditional leaders, religious leaders, village officials, tradition practitioners, and local community members. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion verification. The findings reveal that the Poago tradition continues to be preserved as an integral part of the community’s cultural life and serves as a medium for strengthening social relationships among residents. The tradition embodies various Islamic values, including gratitude, mutual assistance, deliberation, social bonding, togetherness, and social care. These values reflect the harmonious integration of Islamic teachings and local cultural traditions. In addition to functioning as a means of cultural preservation, the Poago tradition contributes to strengthening social solidarity and serves as a medium for transmitting religious and moral values to younger generations. Therefore, the Poago tradition can be regarded as a form of local wisdom that remains relevant in maintaining social harmony and religious life within the community.

This study aims to determine adolescents’ acceptance of mackerel turbin quiche, identify the best formulation of the product, and analyze its nutritional content. This study used an experimental method. The results showed that the mackerel turbin quiche product that was well accepted by adolescents was F1, which used 250g of mackerel, 125g of tofu, and 375g of red beans. The best formulation of mackerel turbin quiche used ingredients divided into three (3) parts: crust, filling, and custard. The quiche crust consisted of 500g wheat flour, 300g margarine, 135g powdered sugar, 15g powdered milk, and 2 egg yolks. The filling consisted of 250g mackerel, 375g red beans, 125g tofu, and 100g onion. The custard consisted of 1000 ml UHT milk, 10 egg yolks, 6g salt, 3g ground pepper, and 3g ground nutmeg. Each 45g serving of mackerel turbin quiche contained 194.34 Kcal of energy, 21.60g carbohydrates, 10.09g fat, and 5.69g protein. It can be concluded that mackerel turbin quiche can be used as a healthy snack alternative for adolescents.

This study examines students’ interest in participating in the Al-Kautsar Tahfidz Dormitory Program at MAN 1 Baubau and identifies the factors influencing their participation. The study also seeks to provide a deeper understanding of how both internal and external conditions shape students’ willingness to engage in the program. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with dormitory supervisors, participating students, and non-participating students. Additional supporting information was also gathered through informal discussions and observation in the dormitory environment to strengthen the data validity. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing in an iterative process to ensure accurate interpretation. The findings indicate that students’ interest is shaped by internal factors, such as religious motivation, the desire to memorize the Qur’an, and self-improvement, as well as external factors, including parental support, peer influence, program socialization, and the religious dormitory environment. Conversely, low interest is associated with limited family support, low self-confidence in Qur’anic literacy, competing activities outside school, and perceptions of a demanding dormitory schedule. Overall, the program contributes positively to students’ religious character, discipline, and Qur’anic memorization skills, although variations in student interest remain evident depending on their personal and environmental conditions.

The quality of Catholic Religious Education learning is an important aspect in shaping students’ faith, character, knowledge, and religious life skills. However, the learning process at SMK Negeri 1 Talibura still faces various challenges, particularly in the areas of spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, Catholic religious knowledge, and religious life skills. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum (Merdeka Belajar Curriculum) and its contribution to improving the quality of Catholic Religious Education learning at SMK Negeri 1 Talibura. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, Catholic Religious Education teachers, students, and parents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum has been carried out effectively through learning planning, learning implementation, learning assessment, and the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5). This implementation has had a positive impact on the learning process, outputs, and outcomes. Students demonstrated improvements in spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, Catholic religious knowledge, and religious life skills, as well as positive behavioral changes in their daily lives. The findings imply that the Independent Learning Curriculum can serve as an effective strategy for improving the quality of Catholic Religious Education learning in a holistic manner.

Interest in reading the Holy Scriptures is an important aspect of faith formation among Catholic Youth (OMK). However, various challenges, such as busy daily activities and the influence of digital media, have hindered the development of a consistent habit of reading the Scriptures. This study aims to describe the interest in reading the Holy Scriptures among Catholic Youth at Beato Dionisius Sumbul Parish and to analyze the use of the Lectio Divina method in fostering this interest. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving ten informants, consisting of the parish priest, a youth mentor, and members of the Catholic Youth community. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings indicate that the interest in reading the Holy Scriptures among Catholic Youth has grown, although it has not yet become a consistent habit. The Lectio Divina method has proven effective in helping Catholic Youth read, understand, reflect on, and internalize the Word of God more deeply through the stages of Lectio, Meditatio, Oratio, Contemplatio, and Actio. This method increases their interest in the Holy Scriptures and promotes spiritual growth reflected in their daily lives. Therefore, Lectio Divina can serve as an effective pastoral approach for fostering interest in reading the Holy Scriptures among Catholic Youth.

This study examines how parents can serve as role models in fostering the spiritual growth of their adolescents. Parents play a fundamental role in shaping their children's character and faith by providing positive examples that adolescents can imitate in their daily lives. Spiritual growth during adolescence is particularly important because it serves as a strong foundation for their future faith, values, and moral development. The purpose of this study is to explore how parental role modeling influences adolescents' spiritual growth. This research employed a qualitative methodology using a library research approach. Relevant books, journal articles, theological literature, and other scholarly references were analyzed to examine theories and concepts related to parental roles and adolescent spiritual formation. The findings indicate that effective parental role modeling is demonstrated through words, behavior, love, faithfulness, integrity, and purity, which encourage adolescents to develop a deeper relationship with God and practice Christian values consistently. The study concludes that parents should actively model faith in everyday life as an essential part of educating their adolescents. By becoming living examples of Christian values, parents can significantly contribute to nurturing adolescents' spiritual maturity and strengthening their commitment to a lifelong life of faith.

The crisis of student morality and etiquette in higher education institutions has become an increasingly concerning phenomenon in the modern era. Social changes, the rapid development of digital technology, and the weakening The crisis of student morality and etiquette in higher education institutions has become an increasingly concerning phenomenon in the modern era. Social changes, the rapid development of digital technology, and the weakening internalization of religious values have contributed to a decline in students' moral character, which is reflected in poor communication ethics, lack of respect for lecturers, plagiarism practices, individualistic attitudes, and weak academic responsibility. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic values in addressing the crisis of student etiquette at UIN Walisongo Semarang. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through literature review, observation, and data collection from various scientific journals. The findings indicate that the implementation of Islamic values, such as akhlaq al-karimah (noble character), trustworthiness (amanah), discipline, Islamic brotherhood (ukhuwah Islamiyah), and responsibility, can serve as effective solutions in developing students' religious and ethical character. These values are implemented through spiritual development programs, an Islamic academic culture, lecturers' role modeling, Islamic student organization activities, and character education based on Islamic principles. This study emphasizes that the integration of Islamic values into the campus education system constitutes a strategic step in shaping a generation of Muslim intellectuals who excel not only academically but also possess strong morality and ethical conduct.

This study aims to describe the learning process and explain the improvement of popular scientific article writing skills using the blog-media-based Genre-Based Approach (GBA) model among Grade VIII E students at SMP Negeri 2 Mlati Sleman. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in two cycles, with all 32 students of Grade VIII E as subjects. Data analysis was performed using descriptive quantitative techniques to measure the increase in the average writing performance score and the percentage of learning mastery based on the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) of 80. The results showed a significant improvement in each cycle. In the initial condition (pre-cycle), the average writing score was only 68.67 with 19% mastery (6 students), then increased to 79.06 with 50% mastery (16 students) in Cycle I, and reached optimal results in Cycle II with an average of 89.53 and 81% mastery (26 students). Thus, the implementation of the blog-media-based Genre-Based Approach (GBA) model is proven to significantly improve popular scientific article writing skills and the learning mastery of Grade VIII E students at SMP Negeri 2 Mlati Sleman. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran serta menjelaskan peningkatan keterampilan menulis artikel ilmiah populer menggunakan model Genre-Based Approach (GBA) berbasis media blog pada murid kelas VIII E SMP Negeri 2 Mlati Sleman. Penelitian menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dengan subjek seluruh murid kelas VIII E yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengukur peningkatan rata-rata nilai unjuk kerja menulis dan persentase ketuntasan belajar berdasarkan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) sebesar 80. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada setiap siklus. Pada kondisi awal (pra-siklus), rata-rata nilai menulis hanya 68,67 dengan ketuntasan 19% (6 siswa), kemudian meningkat menjadi 79,06 dengan ketuntasan 50% (16 siswa) pada Siklus I, dan mencapai hasil optimal pada Siklus II dengan rata-rata 89,53 serta ketuntasan 81% (26 siswa). Dengan demikian, penerapan model Genre-Based Approach (GBA) berbasis media blog terbukti secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis artikel ilmiah populer serta ketuntasan belajar murid kelas VIII E SMP Negeri 2 Mlati Sleman.