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For every child to receive an equal education, inclusive education at the early childhood education (PAUD) level is a strategic step. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly study the basic concepts of inclusive education in early childhood, identify various types of specific challenges for Children with Special Needs (ABK) in regular classes, and evaluate how effective the use of inclusive learning methods is in optimizing child development. This study uses a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. Secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the study, teachers in regular classes face multidimensional characteristics of ABK. These obstacles include visual impairment, deafness, mental retardation, physical disability, emotional retardation/ADHD, autism, and exceptional intelligence. To overcome these problems, it has been proven that the use of assistive technology, a more flexible curriculum, individualized learning programs (IPC) based on initial assessment, varied teaching methods, and a friendly environment can be helpful. This study shows that teachers are not the only key to the success of inclusive education. This requires strong multi-stakeholder collaboration between the government, schools, special education teachers (GPK), professionals, and parents to address facility challenges and eliminate existing stigma in the field.

Abstract. This study aims to describe students’ motivation toward online learning at Universitas Negeri Medan and to identify the underlying reasons for such motivation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative design, utilizing the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) motivational model and Expectancy-Value Theory as the theoretical frameworks. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 34 English Education students and semi-structured interviews with 5 purposively selected participants. The results indicated that all four components of the ARCS model were in the moderate category, with mean scores of 3.16 for Attention, 3.29 for Relevance, 3.20 for Confidence and 3.20 for Satisfaction. While students appreciated the flexibility and accessibility of online materials (high utility value), they frequently experienced boredom and mental fatigue due to limited social interaction and the "artificial" nature of screen based learning (high cost and low intrinsic value). The study concludes that students remain motivated primarily due to professional aspirations rather than engaging instructional designs. These findings suggest that educators should implement more interactive strategies to enhance student engagement in digital environments.

The low level of academic motivation and the assumption that higher education does not always guarantee economic well-being have become major factors contributing to the declining interest of some senior high school students in pursuing higher education. This issue poses a serious challenge to human resource development, particularly in the field of legal studies. Such conditions are influenced by various factors, including limited understanding of the prospects and opportunities within legal education. The purpose of this community service activity was to provide information and understanding through repeated socialization programs aimed at strengthening students’ interest in legal studies through higher education combined with the development of entrepreneurial spirit among senior high school students. This program was intended to motivate students regarding career opportunities in the legal field as well as the integration of entrepreneurial skills within the professional legal sector. The results of the activities, which were conducted through lectures, discussions, and counseling methods, were successful in improving students’ understanding of the strategic role of legal studies in society, accompanied by insights into business and profession opportunities based on legal knowledge. Consequently, the program succeeded in increasing students’ motivation to continue their education at the university level. The entrepreneurial approach also fostered independent, creative, and adaptive mindsets toward the development of the modern labor market. Therefore, strengthening interest in legal studies through higher education and entrepreneurship education represents a strategic step in creating a competitive, ethical, and future-oriented younger generation

This research aims to analyze and develop a competency model for the Indonesian Navy Technical Officers thru the education of Naval Academy Cadets (AAL) in supporting the operational readiness of main weapon system equipment (alutsista) in the naval domain. The research uses a mixed methods approach with a Sequential Exploratory design, starting with qualitative studies thru interviews, observations, documentation studies, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), followed by quantitative testing using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The research results show that the education curriculum, teaching quality, mentoring system, field practice, and mastery of weapon system technology have a positive and significant impact on the development of the competencies of the Indonesian Navy Technical Officers. The most dominant factor is the mastery of weapon system technology, followed by field practice and the education curriculum. This research resulted in the Integrated Naval Technical Officer Competency Development (INTOCD) Model, which integrates a competency-based curriculum, academic learning, technical training, field practice, technology mastery, as well as character and leadership development. The model is expected to serve as a reference in the development of the competencies of the Indonesian Navy Technical Officers to enhance personnel professionalism and support the operational readiness of naval defense equipment sustainably.

This study aims to examine how student interns perceive the performance of tax services at the Mojokerto Tax Office (KPP). This study employs a qualitative approach using descriptive methods. Data were collected through interviews with interns assigned to the service division, specifically at the Integrated Service Center (TPT). The interview results indicate that the tax service framework at the Mojokerto Primary Tax Office is viewed positively, is well-organized, and is beginning to evolve toward a modern and digital service approach through CORETAX technology. The shift toward digital services is believed to improve efficiency, streamline the process of obtaining a Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP), simplify annual tax reporting, and enhance access to additional tax services. Additionally, the quality of service provided by staff was rated as friendly, professional, interactive, and supportive in helping taxpayers understand the service process. Nevertheless, several challenges were noted, including a lack of general awareness among taxpayers regarding digital platforms particularly among older taxpayers increased wait times during the annual tax filing season, and occasional system disruptions that affected service delivery. Based on interview findings, the tax service framework at the Mojokerto Pratama Tax Office is considered fairly efficient, although there is still room for improvement in promoting the adoption of digital services, enhancing service facilities, and creating a more user-friendly system.

The completeness of nursing care documentation serves as a primary indicator of hospital service quality and remains a critical component of patient safety, clinical communication, and legal accountability. Despite its importance, empirical evidence from various healthcare facilities indicates that nursing records are frequently suboptimal, incomplete, or inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the complex interrelationships between burnout and coaching on the completeness of nursing care documentation, specifically examining the role of nursing competence as a mediating (intervening) variable at the Dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid General Hospital in Bekasi City. Utilizing a quantitative research framework with a cross-sectional design, this study sampled practicing nurses stationed across inpatient and intensive care units. Primary data were gathered through a validated, structured questionnaire designed to measure psychological burnout, the frequency of clinical coaching, perceived professional competence, and the objective completeness of documentation. The data were subjected to rigorous analysis using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the hypothesized pathways within the conceptual model. The results demonstrated that burnout exerts a significant negative influence on both nursing competence and the quality of documentation, suggesting that emotional exhaustion hinders professional performance. Conversely, systematic coaching was found to have a significant positive impact, directly improving both competence levels and documentation adherence. Critically, the analysis confirmed that nursing competence acts as a vital intervening variable; it effectively mediates and strengthens the influence of both burnout reduction and coaching interventions on the overall completeness of nursing care records. This study concludes that proactive burnout management and the institutionalization of structured coaching programs are essential strategic priorities. By addressing these factors, hospital management can enhance individual nurse competence, thereby ensuring high-quality, comprehensive nursing documentation that supports patient safety and institutional integrity.

This study aims to examine the role of information technology (IT) professional ethics as a preventive instrument in facing the escalation of cyber crime in Indonesia. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PRISMA protocol, 17 selected scientific literature from the 2020-2026 period were analyzed comprehensively. The results of the study indicate that dominant operating modes such as ransomware on national infrastructure and mass data breaches in the banking and health sectors are rooted in the neglect of integrity and accountability principles. The discussion in this study confirms that the application of professional ethics based on the PAPA (Privacy, Accuracy, Property, Accessibility) framework is able to suppress the risk of internal threats and strengthen digital defense. The conclusion of the study shows that the synergy between the 2024 ITE Law regulations and the internalization of the professional code of ethics is the main key to data sovereignty in the digital era. The practical implications of this research recommend strengthening the ethics curriculum in IT higher education and ethical compliance audits in the public sector.

This study aims to describe the role of the principal in implementing teacher performance appraisal and its impact on the quality of learning at TK Islam Al-A’raaf Gentan. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, in which data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study were the principal and teachers, focusing on the implementation of teacher performance appraisal and its follow-up processes. The findings indicate that the principal plays a strategic role in planning, implementing, and evaluating teacher performance appraisal through systematic academic supervision, including pre-observation, observation, and post-observation stages. The follow-up actions are carried out in a structured manner, ranging from guidance and warnings to rewards for high-performing teachers. The implementation of teacher performance appraisal has a positive impact on the quality of learning, such as improving teacher professionalism, creating active and engaging learning environments, and enhancing students’ motivation and learning outcomes. Therefore, the effective role of the principal in teacher performance appraisal is a crucial factor in improving educational quality.

Educational achievement at the senior high school level relies heavily upon student engagement, where the instructor serves as a pivotal variable in the pedagogical process. The phenomenon of diminished academic interest represents a significant hurdle, necessitating a profound understanding of how educators contribute to igniting active participation. This inquiry aims to examine and map the teacher's function in fostering a passion for learning among adolescents, while simultaneously uncovering the instructional tactics employed to spark such enthusiasm. The investigation adopts a literature review method with a qualitative descriptive-analytical lens, evaluating ten research articles published between 2020 and 2025 centered on teaching roles and student motivation. Findings demonstrate that the teacher’s influence in elevating student interest is holistic and multidimensional. This encompasses social competence through empathetic interaction, professional teaching performance in instructional design and evaluation, and personal integrity as an inspirational figure. Furthermore, the mastery of pedagogical and technological elements proves essential in cultivating a conducive, distinctive, and meaningful classroom environment for every learner. 

Effective communication is essential for teamwork effectiveness in healthcare, particularly in inpatient units where patient care requires coordination among multiple professionals. Internal data from Hospital X showed that more than 50% of medical incidents in the last two years were related to miscommunication among healthcare workers. In addition, the 2024 employee satisfaction survey reported that workplace communication satisfaction was only 62%, below the hospital target of 75%. This study aimed to examine the influence of effective communication on teamwork effectiveness with interprofessional collaboration as an intervening variable at Hospital X.This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design involving 226 healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and medical support staff. Data were analyzed using the Three-Box Method and PLS-SEM. The findings revealed that effective communication significantly influenced teamwork effectiveness both directly and indirectly through interprofessional collaboration. Interprofessional collaboration also acted as a significant mediating variable between communication and teamwork effectiveness. These results indicate that communication is a key foundation for strengthening collaboration and improving teamwork in hospitals. Therefore, hospitals should enhance communication training and interprofessional collaboration programs to improve healthcare quality and patient safety

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning Strategy (PBLS) in Arabic language learning for eighth-grade students at MTs Negeri 4 East Tanjung Jabung, as well as identify supporting factors, inhibiting factors, and efforts to overcome those obstacles. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The research subjects included the principal, Arabic language teacher, and eighth-grade students. The findings revealed that PBLS was implemented through stages of problem presentation, information identification, group discussion, presentation, and evaluation. This strategy improved students’ active participation, critical thinking skills, communication abilities, and understanding of Arabic learning materials. Supporting factors included teacher professionalism, adequate facilities and infrastructure, and support from the school environment. Inhibiting factors included students’ low reading interest, limited instructional time, and differences in students’ characteristics and abilities. Efforts to overcome these obstacles involved providing motivation, forming heterogeneous groups, effective time management, and utilizing simple and engaging learning media. Therefore, PBLS is considered effective in Arabic language learning because it enhances both the learning process and student learning outcomes.

Market levies are a regional taxation category that holds significant promise for increasing regional fiscal resources, complementing local tax revenues. The objectives of this study are; (1) Understanding the Communication Mechanism in the Implementation of Market Service Fee Policy in Gorontalo City. (2) Examination of Resource Availability in the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy in Gorontalo. (3) Understanding the Bureaucratic Framework in the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy in Gorontalo City. (4) Examination of the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy Disposition in Gorontalo City. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that the communication of market service fee policy has been carried out through systematic formal channels and is supported by a clear bureaucratic structure and division of tasks, but its implementation is still not optimal. This is caused by several obstacles, including unequal understanding and distribution of information among traders, limited resources in terms of both quantity and quality of human resources, budget, and inadequate market facilities. Furthermore, weak coordination and suboptimal implementation of SOPs in the field also impact work consistency, while the disposition or attitude of implementers who have demonstrated commitment but are not yet unified requires a more comprehensive strategic approach. Therefore, integrated efforts are needed, including improving the communication framework, strengthening human resource capacity, improving facilities, stricter supervision, and ongoing coaching to create more effective and professional policy implementation.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers’ personality competence in shaping students’ learning environments through a literature review approach. Personality competence reflects teachers’ stable, mature, and authoritative character, enabling them to serve as role models for students and influencing the creation of a conducive learning environment both psychologically and socially. The method used is a literature review by analyzing various sources such as books, academic journals, and relevant official documents. The results show that teachers with positive personality traits are able to build harmonious relationships, create a comfortable classroom atmosphere, and enhance students’ learning motivation. Therefore, teachers’ personality competence is an important factor in supporting the quality of the learning environment and the success of the learning process. In addition, findings from various studies indicate that personality competence not only affects classroom interactions but also contributes to the development of students’ attitudes, discipline, and emotional stability. Teachers who demonstrate consistency, empathy, and integrity tend to foster a sense of trust and respect among students, which further strengthens classroom engagement. Moreover, a positive teacher personality helps reduce learning barriers such as anxiety, lack of confidence, and lack of participation in classroom activities. In the context of modern education, where student-centered learning is increasingly emphasized, teachers’ personality competence becomes even more essential in facilitating active learning and meaningful student involvement. Thus, strengthening teachers’ personality competence through training, reflective practice, and continuous professional development is crucial to improving overall educational quality and achieving optimal learning outcomes.

Hospitals play a strategic role in improving public health through professional, safe, and high-quality healthcare services. In modern healthcare organizations, service quality is not only determined by medical facilities and technology but also by the quality of human resources, particularly healthcare workers who directly interact with patients. This study aims to analyze the influence of authentic leadership on healthcare workers’ performance and hospital service quality. The study employed a quantitative explanatory research design involving 120 healthcare workers in a hospital setting. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis. The findings demonstrate that authentic leadership has a positive and significant effect on healthcare workers’ performance, with a regression coefficient value of 0.648 and a significance level of 0.000. Furthermore, authentic leadership indirectly influences hospital service quality through healthcare workers’ performance, with an indirect effect value of 0.521. These findings indicate that leaders who demonstrate honesty, transparency, integrity, and interpersonal support are able to create a healthy work environment that enhances healthcare workers’ motivation, responsibility, and professionalism. Consequently, improved employee performance contributes to better hospital service quality, particularly in responsiveness, empathy, and communication with patients. This study highlights that authentic leadership is an effective leadership approach for strengthening healthcare human resources and improving hospital service quality in contemporary healthcare organizations.

Kartika Jala Krida (KJK) in 2026 is one of the practical training courses for AAL Cadets Level III of the corps, Sailors, Engineering, Electronics, and Supply. KJK is implemented based on the AAL Cadet Education Implementation Program and Instructions for the implementation of AAL Cadet Practical Training. KJK aims to provide experience in large-circle sailing and astronomical navigation for Sailor Corps Cadets, as well as practicing all basic professional lessons taught at AAL for both sailor and non-sailor Cadets. In addition, Lattek KJK is also a means of naval diplomacy and promotion of Indonesian culture to the countries visited. The KJK voyage uses KRI Bima Suci with a sailing route of Surabaya - Jakarta - Belawan - Sri Lanka - Singapore - Vietnam - China - South Korea - Russia - Japan - Philippines - Bitung, and back to Surabaya. The total distance to be sailed reaches 16,877 nautical miles (NM) for 124 days, using KRI Bima Suci. The 2026 KJK was attended by 79 AAL cadets and 52 cadets from friendly countries in the ASEAN Plus Cadet Sail (APCS) program delegation, consisting of 9 ASEAN member countries: Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor Leste, and 17 ASEAN Partner Countries consisting of Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Egypt, France, Italy, UAE, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Kenya, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, the Netherlands, and Canada. A total of 131 participants. Departing Thursday, March 26, 2026, from AAL and arriving at stage 6 in China until May 28, 2026.

The quality of learning is one of the important factors in the success of the educational process. Teachers and principals have a very important role in creating effective and quality learning. Therefore, appropriate psychological strategies are needed in managing learning as well as improving teacher motivation and performance. This study aims to determine the psychological strategies used by teachers and principals in improving the quality of learning. The research method used in this study is a literature review by analyzing several journals related to educational management and educational psychology. The results of the study show that psychological strategies such as teacher work motivation, principal leadership, effective communication, and organizational conflict management can improve the quality of learning in educational institutions. In addition, the application of psychological approaches can create a more positive school climate, strengthen cooperation among educational stakeholders, and support the development of professional teacher behavior. The findings indicate that the success of learning quality improvement depends not only on instructional techniques, but also on emotional, motivational, and leadership factors within the school environment.

Legal education in higher education institutions remains predominantly dominated by cognitive approaches, which have not fully succeeded in shaping students’ character, particularly in terms of integrity, professional responsibility, and legal empathy. This condition highlights the need for learning approaches that integrate practical experience with professional ethical values. This community engagement activity aims to strengthen the character of law students through a clinical legal education-based intervention integrated with professional ethics education. The activity was conducted using a participatory approach involving 35 law students from the Faculty of Law at Universitas Madura over the period from 21 April to 13 May 2026. The intervention consisted of a series of activities, including legal education sessions, basic legal consultations, and structured ethical reflection. The community partners were local residents with limited access to legal information and services.The results indicate an improvement in students’ character scores across several dimensions, namely integrity (from 3.42 to 4.21), professional responsibility (from 3.51 to 4.28), and legal empathy (from 3.37 to 4.35). In addition, more than 80% of students reported that the activity enhanced their understanding of legal practice and the social conditions of the community. The activity also had a positive impact on the community, particularly in improving legal literacy. These findings demonstrate that experience-based legal clinics are effective in strengthening law students’ character while simultaneously providing tangible benefits to the community. Therefore, community engagement activities based on clinical legal education can be developed as a strategic medium for strengthening character education in law faculties.

Field Experience Practice (PPL) or internship is a practical course carried out directly in a company according to the student's field of study, with the aim of integrating lecture theory and real work practice. PPL is worth 6 credits and is a mandatory part of the curriculum for undergraduate students at the Putera Bangsa Tegal Islamic Economics College. Students who have not participated in PPL are not considered to have met the academic qualifications as graduates. This program aims to produce competent graduates as academics, researchers, consultants, accounting practitioners, and creative, innovative, and professional Muslim entrepreneurs. Through PPL, students are expected to improve their personal qualities, work experience, and understanding of the business world and development policies. The PPL implementation took place from September 14, 2025 to January 15, 2026 at PT Masanda Jaya. The Sharia Business Management Study Program views PPL as a strategic tool to understand management practices, SWOT analysis, governance, and company strategies in achieving organizational goals. The PPL report compiled by the author has the theme of the FAJAR internship.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by Catering Lapak Ning Icha to increase consumer purchase intention. The background of this research is the intense competition in the culinary MSME sector, particularly catering services, which demands effective and sustainable marketing strategies. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving the business owner (represented by the operator), employees, and consumers. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the marketing strategy based on the 7P marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence) plays a significant role in increasing consumer purchase intention. In terms of product, the catering maintains taste quality, cleanliness, and menu variety. Pricing is set affordably and competitively. Easy location access and accurate ordering and distribution processes support the place and process aspects. Promotion is carried out organically through social media and word of mouth. Additionally, friendly and professional employee service, as well as physical evidence such as a clean business environment and neat packaging, contribute to positive consumer perceptions. The implications of this study suggest that consistent and integrated marketing strategies aligned with consumer needs can effectively enhance purchase intention and customer loyalty. This research serves as a reference for culinary MSME actors in designing effective and sustainable marketing strategies.

Strengthening literacy in secondary education is essential in responding to the demands of 21st-century learning. Teachers play a crucial role in integrating literacy into classroom practices; however, their understanding and skills in implementing literacy-based learning are often still limited. This community service program aims to enhance teachers’ competencies in developing literacy-based instruction at State Senior High School 5 Purworejo through a participatory and sustainable training and mentoring approach. The program involved 30 teachers and was conducted in three stages: preparation and planning, implementation, and mentoring and evaluation. The results show a significant improvement in teachers’ understanding of literacy, with the average score increasing from 62.4 to 84.7. A total of 87% of teachers were able to design literacy-based lesson plans effectively, while 73% successfully implemented them in classroom practice. Positive impacts were also observed among students, who became more active in discussions and more confident in expressing their ideas. Qualitatively, the program revealed a shift in teachers’ perspectives, where literacy is no longer seen as an additional activity but as an integral part of meaningful learning that fosters critical and reflective thinking. Overall, this program not only improved teachers’ technical competencies but also strengthened their professional awareness in creating more meaningful learning experiences. The mentoring process played a key role in supporting this transformation by providing a reflective and supportive space for continuous learning and growth.