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Children between the ages of four and six benefit greatly from the moral and motor skills development opportunities presented by kindergarten-level early childhood education programs. The purpose of this research was to determine whether the fine motor-based learning approach used by teachers at Nusa Indah Kindergarten in Bicak Village was successful in enhancing the students' fine motor skills. Using the number wheel and other interactive activities, youngsters may practice their fine motor skills while learning the fundamentals of mathematics. An novel learning medium was developed and evaluated using a Research & Development (R&D) approach. The study also utilized an observational method to analyze the medium's impact. The findings demonstrated that the approach considerably enhanced the fine motor skills, which encompass drawing and writing, of the children. The children's engagement and enthusiasm for learning were both boosted by the game-based activities. These results lend credence to the idea that preschool programs should take a more all-encompassing approach to teaching young children, one that prioritizes not just their cognitive but also their physical and emotional growth. This study adds to the body of knowledge on early childhood education curricula by highlighting the need of including fine motor development activities.

Social Development means the acquisition of the ability to behave in accordance with social demands. Becoming a person capable of socializing requires three processes. Among them are learning to behave in a socially acceptable manner, playing acceptable social roles, and the development of social traits. One of the factors that influences children's social development is the continuous use of gadgets which has a negative impact on children. This research aims to analyze the relationship between the intensity of gadget use and the social development of preschool-aged children at the Canggai Putri Karimun State Kindergarten. Method: This type of research is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach, and uses a questionnaire as an instrument. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a sample size of 80 respondents. The results of this study showed that as many as (37.5%) children used gadgets with an intensity of > 75 minutes/day and (62.5%) children had disturbed social development. The results of the chi-square correlation test obtained a p-value of 0.015 (p < 0.05), which means there is a significant relationship between the intensity of gadget use and the social development of preschool age at the Canggai Putri Karimun State Kindergarten. Based on the research results, it is recommended that parents be more selective in providing toys to their children and need supervision and firmness in giving children limits when playing with gadgets.  

Background: In sick children, their interests and activities will change, especially if the child needs to be hospitalized. Hospitalization is a child's experience while undergoing treatment in hospital. Prevalence of hospital anxiety in RSUD Dr. Moewardi , the number of children treated in the preschool age ward, namely the flamboyan ward, during the last 4 months starting from January to March 2024 was 465 patients, with 286 preschool age patients and anxiety nursing problems as many as 226 patients. One way to overcome hospital anxiety is play therapy. Objective: to determine the results of anxiety values when applying coloring play therapy in Flamboyan Room 9 Dr Moewardi Hospital. Method: This type of research is a case study that describes anxiety before and after coloring picture play therapy. Results: The results of the application to 2 respondents which were carried out for 2 days with a frequency of 30 minutes a day showed that there was a therapeutic effect of playing coloring pictures. Conclusion; There were differences in the results of anxiety scores before and after the coloring picture play therapy intervention.      

Background : Feelings of anxiety are the impact of hospitalization experienced by preschool children. This impact has the risk of disrupting the child's growth and development and the child's healing process. To reduce anxiety, children can be given play therapy. Hospitalization anxiety in children can make children difficult to eat, restless, afraid, restless, anxious, unwilling to cooperate in treatment, thus disrupting the child's healing process, the hospitalization period in preschool children can also cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD) which makes children became traumatized while being treated in hospital. Purpose : To find out the results of anxiety values when applying coloring play therapy in Flamboyan Room 9, Dr. RSUD. Moewardi. Methods : The application was carried out using a descriptive case study method for 2 respondents and was carried twice every 3 day for 30 minutes. Result : Respondent 1, before being given coloring play therapy, obtained an anxiety score of 4 (moderately anxious) and after being given coloring play therapy it became 1 (very not anxious). Meanwhile, for Respondent 2, before being given coloring play therapy, the anxiety score was 5 (Severely Anxious) and after being given coloring play therapy it was 2 (Not anxious). Based on the results of the implementation that has been carried out, there is a reduction in anxiety due to hospitalization. Conclusion : Coloring play therapy can be used as a technique to reduce anxiety in preschool children due to hospitalization.    

Background: as we know every child will experience a period of growth and development. The growth and the development could be seen from some aspects such as: language, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, social personal aspects. This period is sensitive one; the children will be sensitive to receiving all stimuli given by their parents or their environment. The study aims to obtain the description of the development of preschool age children at the Futuhiyyah Doro Islamic Kindergarten.Method: it is a quantitative descriptive with a total sampling technique as the technique of data collecting; 82 respondents. The instrument applied was the Pre-Developmental Screening Questionnaire as the development measuring tool. Besides, the data analysis used was univariate in the form of a percentage frequency distribution.Results: the result stated characteristics of preschool age children at the Futuhiyyah Doro Islamic Kindergarten are the average age is 68 months, 47 respondents (57.3%) were female and 35 (42.7%) were male. Furthermore, at that age, there were 72 respondents (87.8%) who had appropriate development and 10 respondents (12.2%) who doubted it.Conclusion: Description of the development of preschool age children at the Futuhiyyah Doro Islamic Kindergarten, there were 72 respondents (87.8%) with appropriate development.      

Preschool children have weak immunity, which causes children to get sick easily and receive hospital treatment which causes anxiety due to hospitalization. Anxiety results in fear of new environments, frequent crying, being spoiled, aggressive, depression and even causing trauma. Playing at preschool age is an important activity, playing by matching pictures can influence a person's feelings by stimulating the nervous system in the brain to regulate emotions. This research uses a descriptive case study. The research subjects were three people, the data collection instrument was carried out using the FIS (Faces Image Scale) scale observation sheet. After being given play therapy, the results were obtained on the first day at F before being given the intervention, the anxiety scale was 4, after being given the intervention, the anxiety scale was 4, A anxiety before 5 and after 4, S anxiety before 4 and after 4. On the second day, F anxiety before 4 and after 3, A anxiety before 4 and after 3, S anxiety before 4 and after 3. The third day F anxiety before 3 and after 2, A anxiety before 3 and after 2, S anxiety before 3 and after 2. After intervention for 3 consecutive days, it can be concluded that providing picture-matching play therapy to preschool children can reduce hospitalization anxiety. Parents should continue to meet children's play needs by inviting children to play and facilitating games according to what the child likes, and nurses are expected to focus on modifying children's play.

This research is motivated by the fact that nearly 70% of children who are newly enrolled and start learning at Bunda Kartika Kindergarten in Patumbak, Deli Serdang, have difficulty adjusting to the new learning environment. This stage of learning in kindergarten is their first step into formal education. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 137 of 2014 on national standards for early childhood education (PAUD), it sets national standards for PAUD, including aspects of child development that must be met during the learning process. These standards cover various aspects of child adjustment such as socio-emotional, language, cognitive, and motor skills. This research aims to identify the nature of adjustment problems occurring in kindergartens and early childhood education by understanding the aspects of adjustment and the supporting and inhibiting factors for new students in adapting to the new environment. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method, where the researcher conducts objective interviews and environmental observations. Data collection techniques include document review, observation, and interviews. The results of the study indicate several issues related to children's adjustment, ranging from psychological factors, prenatal environment, parenting styles, to socialization problems in the school environment. These factors significantly impact early childhood development and require special attention in the context of preschool education.  

This research is motivated by the problem of competence of Early Childhood Teachers in Mojoagung District which is not yet in accordance with the competency demands mandated by Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 137 of 2014 concerning PAUD Standards. They need training to improve the competency of preschool teachers so they are able to provide learning for early childhood in accordance with the latest PAUD National Curriculum currently in effect. This research aims to find a training model that can improve the competence of PAUD educators. To achieve the aim of this research is to develop a competency training model with an experiential learning approach so that after being trained, the competency of PAUD educators can increase in accordance with the mandate of Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 137 of 2014 concerning PAUD Standards. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation studies. The data analysis technique uses a qualitative approach. The research results show that: The results of data analysis show that there are four themes that are the main focus in Experiential Learning-based training. These aspects of involvement are: 1) The teacher's understanding of the competence of Early Childhood Teachers after participating in Experiential Learning-based training, 2) Plans for implementing Experiential Learning into learning, 3) Special aspects in Experiential Learning training that help understand the needs and characteristics of Aud 4) Readiness to create a learning environment based on Experiential Learning in Early Childhood Classes. The implications of the research results are discussed further in the article.                    

Children are small humans who have potential that must be developed. Children have certain characteristics that are unique and not the same as adults, they are always active, dynamic and curious about what they see, hear, feel and they never seem to stop exploring and learning. Children are egocentric, and have a natural curiosity. Research Objectives: To determine the relationship between parenting patterns and the independence of preschool-age children in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District. This research design uses a correlation study. The sample in this study used a total sampling technique. From the results of univariate data analysis, it can be seen that authoritarian parenting patterns for preschool age children are in the non-authoritarian category, namely 26 respondents (26.8%). Democratic parenting styles for children are in the non-democratic category, namely 22 respondents (53.7%). The majority of permissive parenting styles for children are in the permissive category, namely 21 people (51.2%). The independence of preschool age children is mostly in the independent category, namely 22 (46.3%). The results of the bivariate data analysis. The statistical test results show that the p-value is 0.536 ˃ 0.05 so that the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means there is no significant relationship between authoritarian parenting and the independence of preschool-age children, and the statistical test results show that the p-value -value 0.257 ˃ 0.05 so the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted which means there is no significant relationship between democratic parenting and the independence of preschool aged children. Then the results of statistical tests show that the p-value is 0.278 ˃ 0.05 so the null hypothesis ( Ho) is accepted, which means there is no significant relationship between parenting styles and the independence of preschool-aged children.

Special education means learning that is specifically designed to meet the unique needs of children with physical disabilities. Special education is a learning program prepared to meet the unique needs of an individual child. Education is a human effort to develop and guide personality in accordance with the values of society or as an effort to help students to increase knowledge and useful behavior patterns. Children with special needs are children who experience limitations or obstacles, whether physically, mentally, intellectually, socially or emotionally, such as: children with autism, hearing impairment, blindness, mental impairment, hearing impairment, physical impairment, etc. Harsya Ceria is a school with segregation services, where there are several children with different special needs. In making observations, the researcher focused on one child with autism, therefore the researcher tried to research this with the aim of finding out the problems of autistic children. There is a Harya cheerful preschool. The problems of children with special needs are of course different and varied, one of which is autism. They have the right to receive education like children in general. The method used in this research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Researchers collected descriptive data through interviews and observations. The results of this research show that children with autism have a variety of behaviors, therefore autism really needs attention from its caregivers. Harsya Ceria Paud provides good attention and needs to children with autism.

Early childhood education plays a crucial role in preparing children with foundational knowledge for further education at the primary level. Within Early Childhood Education (ECE), children are nurtured to become independent individuals, fostering social interaction, strong self-confidence, a keen interest in exploring knowledge, the ability to adopt positive ideas, develop their own thoughts, adapt to new environments, demonstrate high enthusiasm for learning, and exhibit high levels of creativity. Early childhood education, including preschool education, aids in the physical and mental development of children, covering various aspects such as religious and moral values, social, emotional, cognitive, linguistic, and motor skills. This education can be conducted through various pathways, including formal, informal, and non-formal, with one form being the Integrated Early Childhood Education (IECE) program. The collage method serves as an effective approach to enhance children's fine motor skills, optimally implemented in several IECE institutions like RA Yaa Bunayya in Mompang Julu Village. Qualitative methods are employed in this research, utilizing triangulation data collection techniques comprising observation, interviews, and documentation. Collage activities at RA Yaa Bunayya are planned according to the children's needs, utilizing safe and diverse natural materials, providing valuable experiences for children to explore textures and shapes. Collage activities also offer advantages in improving concentration, recognizing colors, and identifying shapes, which are crucial aspects of children's development.

Early childhood is an individual who is undergoing a rapid development process, so preschool children need optimization of gross motor development by using rhythmic gymnastics. This study aims to improve the gross motor skills of children aged 4-6 years at RA Al-Junaidiah. The problem in this study is to see how effective rhythmic gymnastics is on the gross motor development of children aged 4-6 years at RA Al-Junaidiah. The data collection technique in this study used the Participation Action Research (PAR) method. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that rhythmic gymnastics can improve children's gross motor skills at RA Al-Junaidiah. Thus the conclusion of this study is that there is a significant effect of rhythmic gymnastics on children's gross motor development at RA Al-Junaidiah.

This article describes a descriptive qualitative research on the transformational leadership of female school principals in improving the quality of education at PAUD Kusuma Indonesia. This research was conducted through observation, interviews and documentation studies. The main problem faced is the challenge in implementing effective transformational leadership practices. The aim of this research is to understand how transformational leadership can be applied by female school principals to improve the quality of education in PAUD. The main results show that female school principals are able to carry out effective transformational leadership practices, which are reflected in increasing staff motivation and performance, as well as improving the quality of learning and the learning environment in PAUD. The conclusion of this research is that transformational leadership by female school principals has a significant role in improving the quality of education in PAUD, and greater support from related parties is needed to strengthen this practice.

This article aims to contribute ideas in preventing phubbing behavior in young children who are addicted to gadgets and to place an active, interactive-based approach in order to help children develop social skills well in their social environment. The method used is descriptive analysis with a systematic literature review approach. The findings of this research show that the internet or digital world which is easily accessed by young children via gadgets opens up space for ignoring the person they are talking to when communicating, which is also known as phubbing which is caused by irregular use of gadgets. Additionally, children who grow up in environments where excessive gadget use is allowed or even encouraged by parents tend to experience problems with social skills, including the ability to give others their full attention without being distracted by gadgets. Therefore, parents must pay full attention to this problem through holistic assistance to prevent bad things from happening in the future.

WHO 2021 reports that more than 300 million children under 5 years of age do not fulfill their development potential and most of them are children living on the Asian and African continents. Data from Hermina Hospital, the prevalence of Speech Delay in 2023 is 150 cases. In one day of research, 15 respondents were obtained. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between parenting patterns and parental knowledge and speech delay in preschool-aged children at Hermina Hospital. Padang.This type of research uses quantitative methods with a cross sectional analytical design. The research was conducted in March – August 2023 at Hermina Padang Hospital. The research population was all mothers who had preschool children aged 3-5 years at Hermina Padang Hospital. The sampling technique was Accedental Sampling. Data collection used primary and secondary data. Univariate analysis used descriptive statistical tests and Bivariate analysis used the chi square test.The results of this research are based on the results of the Chi square test (α= 0.005) showing that there is no significant relationship between Parenting Patterns (p-value = 0.188) and there is a significant relationship between Parental Knowledge (p-value 0.032) and Speech Delay.It was concluded that there was still a lack of maternal knowledge about the importance of parenting styles and parental knowledge in children's growth and development. It is hoped that from the results of this research, parents can pay more attention to children's growth and development and that health workers can serve as a reference for improving services in reducing the incidence of speech delays.

The aim of this research is to assess the impact of using audiovisual media on the knowledge, attitudes, and handwashing practices among preschool children at Wulele Sanggula Abeli Kindergarten in the Abeli Region in 2023. The research method employs a quantitative approach with a Pre-Experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consists of 40 children selected using total sampling technique. Research instruments include questionnaires and audiovisual media. The results indicate a significant improvement in knowledge (pre-test: 3.07; Post-test: 10.00), attitudes (pre-test: 3.15; Post-test: 10.00), and handwashing practices (pre-test: 2.30; Post-test: 6.00). It can be concluded that the use of audiovisual media has a positive influence on the knowledge, attitudes, and handwashing practices among preschool children at Wulele Sanggula Abeli, with important implications for improving hygiene and health habits in the school environment.

Toilet training is a major problem during the growth and development of children aged 3 to 6 years in preschool. This can be influenced by the form of parental parenting with various series of procedures carried out to look after, care for and educate children consistently which can be realized in the form of interactions between parents and their children. There is a phenomenon that often occurs, namely that there are still many preschool children who fail in implementing toilet training because the success of toilet training cannot be separated from the role of appropriate and good parenting, so children will be more independent and successful in toilet training more quickly. Objective: to be able to see the relationship between parenting patterns and the success rate of toilet training in preschool-aged children in Mangsang Village. Method: This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross sectional approach with sampling carried out using total sampling. The instrument used in this research was a questionnaire with 48 parents as respondents. Results: It is known using the chi-square statistical test where the p value is 0.000 <0.05, which means Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and the success rate of toilet training in preschool-aged children in Mangsang Village.

This article aims to understand the impact of gadget use on  childhood as well as implement  solutions on the impact of gadget use on  childhood. This gadget is a medium  used as a  modern communication tool. Gadgets make human communication easier. Today, communication has become more advanced with the advent of gadgets. Among them, 4,444 are smartphones such as iPhones, Androids and laptops. In preschool psychology, development refers to children from 0 to 6 years old. The research method used is literary research. Results show that amenities impact  social development in young children. Excessive use of gadgets harms children's social and emotional development. Harmful effects of electronic device use on children include isolation, sleep disturbances, loneliness, violent behavior, reduced creativity and threats of cyberbullying. Solution to device use in  childhood by limiting device use, supervising children's screen time with parents who play a crucial role, and providing a schedule timely  when children play with devices, so that devices do not hinder young children's social development.

fine motoric development is the development of motion that includes small muscles with eye-hand coordination. Fine motor development in children is related to the movement of the body, namely, muscles, nerves, and the brain each have a very important role. To determine the relationship between the intensity of social media use with the tendency to nomophobia. This study is a type of quasy experiment with a pretest-postest quasy experiment research design with a sample of 16 respondents. Based on the results of research that has been done that the influence of lego game intervention on the development of fine motoric TK Miftahul Az-zahra desa cihea. In addition, how to give lego games for 4 days with a duration of 30 minutes. Statistical test results based on the results of collecting data on fine motoric development are summed into a MAP (Mean Arterial Preasure) so that it can be concluded a significant effect on the provision of intervention lego games with p-value 0.000 which means p-value <0.05, therefore Ho rejected and Ha accepted that there is an effect of giving lego games on fine motoric development of children in kindergarten Miftahul Az-zahra cihea village. From this study shows the effect of lego play treatment to increase fine motoric development in preschool children P-Value = 0.000 t test. Which means that Ho is rejected and the sample supports the existence of a meaningful influence.

Preschool aged children have a habit of paying less attention to hand washing behavior, especially in the play environment. The habit of washing hands with soap (CTPS) is still a global concern because people still forget to wash their hands. The focus of CTPS activities is early childhood because they are the ones who will be agents of change in the future. In this activity, hand washing education with soap will be provided to children in the form of counseling indoors and followed by simulations in the field based on the 7 steps for washing hands. Before carrying out the activity, they did not know how to wash their hands with soap properly and correctly. So this activity was considered 100% successful, this was because the children were able to practice washing their hands using soap properly and correctly. Implementation time is October 2023. The aim of this activity is to provide positive information to increase preschool age children's knowledge regarding clean living behavior, especially regarding hand washing, so that children are better able to maintain personal hygiene at school and avoid disease. Activities were carried out for pre-school children at SD IT Insan Qur'ani.