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Villages are autonomous regions which have special features in the form of village financial management which is described in the form of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes). This research aims to analyze APBDes Planning and Accountability in Rambeanak Village, Mungkid City, Magelang Regency. The method used is descriptive qualitative and case approach as well as primary data through interviews and documentation. The research results show that APBDes planning and accountability are regulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2018 concerning Village Financial Management in Rambeanak Village, which is fully implemented in accordance with existing regulations. However, the implementation of the use of the Siskeudes application with the contribution of the cash management system has not been fully realized.    

Bendera dan lambang Negara, Bahasa Indonesia, serta Lagu Kebangsaan merupakan cerminan kedaulatan, kemandirian, dan eksistensi negara yang merdeka, bersatu, berdaulat, adil dan makmur, sekaligus sebagai jati diri bangsa dan identitas negara. Pada umumnya masyarakat mengetahui tentang bendera, bahasa, lambang negara, dan juga lagu kebangsaan serta menggunakannya dalam aktivitas bermasyarakat namun kurang memahami aspek yuridisnya secara baik dan benar. Hal ini dialami pula oleh para siswa di SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang. Kegiatan PkM ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman para siswa SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang tentang aspek yuridis penggunaan bendera, bahasa, lambang negara, dan lagu kebangsaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari berdasar UU Nomor 24 Tahun 2009. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui teknis penyuluhan hukum dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, dan bantuan hukum. Evaluasi kegiatan penyuluhan dilakukan dengan metode tanya jawab langsung serta kuesioner. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan PkM, para siswa menjadi lebih memahami aspek yuridis penggunaan bendera, bahasa, dan lambang negara, serta lagu kebangsaan sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Demikian pula dengan sanksi administratif dan pidananya. Ada peningkatan pemahaman siswa saat sebelum dan setelah dilaksanakan kegiatan.

Scouting extracurricular activities play a strategic role in shaping the character of elementary school students, particularly in instilling the values of discipline, solidarity, and cooperation, which are essential for children's personal and social development. This community service project aims to describe the process of mentoring the Marching Regulations (PBB) at SDIT Al-Qonita while identifying the impacts it has on strengthening students' character. The methods used in mentoring include lectures to convey basic concepts, demonstrations as examples of correct movements, repeated practice to train technical skills, joint reflection to evaluate experiences, and a comprehensive evaluation of the results of the activities. The mentoring process was carried out in three meetings over three weeks, with stages starting from an introduction to basic marching material, intensive group practice, and implementation of evaluations that emphasize technical and non-technical aspects. The results of the activity showed that students experienced an increase in technical skills in marching, such as movement accuracy and neatness of formation. Furthermore, this activity was proven to be able to strengthen discipline, solidarity, a sense of responsibility, and the ability to work together among students. Furthermore, the inclusion of educational games and icebreakers during training sessions has proven effective in maintaining motivation, reducing boredom, and creating a pleasant learning environment. Thus, the extracurricular Scouting activities, supported by the National Scout Movement (PBB), serve not only as a means of training marching skills but also as a means of ongoing character development. The results of this community service demonstrate that the PBB can be used as a relevant educational instrument to strengthen the character of elementary school students while simultaneously supporting the achievement of national education goals.

Housing, as a basic human necessity, demands not only physical comfort but also assurance of safety and legal protection for its residents. In recent years, the rise in security violations within residential areas has raised serious concerns, especially regarding the authority of housing management and the frequent neglect of residents’ rights. Various security policies such as 24-hour gate security, CCTV installation, and visitor access restrictions are often enforced without a clear legal basis and without the participation of residents, thereby creating the potential for legal violations, including those related to criminal law and human rights. This study aims to analyze the forms of criminal liability that may be imposed on housing management in cases of negligence or abuse of authority in the implementation of security policies. It also examines the forms of legal protection available to residents and identifies potential criminal law violations arising from such policies. The research adopts a normative and empirical juridical approach, with a case study conducted at DL Sitorus I Housing Complex in Simalungun Regency. The results of the study show that the security policies at DL Sitorus I lack a valid internal legal foundation, were not developed through participatory means, and are not supported by standardized operating procedures (SOPs). This situation creates room for overreach by security personnel, such as arbitrary detention of visitors and unauthorized interrogations, which may violate Article 333 of the Indonesian Penal Code. Management may be held indirectly criminally liable under the principles of culpa in vigilando (negligence in supervision) and culpa in eligendo (negligence in the selection of personnel). The study recommends the formulation of internal regulations based on resident participation and the provision of legal training for security officers to ensure a fair, transparent, and legally compliant residential security system that upholds the principles of criminal law and human rights protection.

Community participation in the formation of Village Regulations (Perdes) is an important indicator in realizing transparent, democratic, and responsive village governance to the needs of residents. However, in Teluk Kapuas Village, the level of community participation in the process is still relatively low. This is evident from the minimal involvement of residents and village officials in understanding the mechanisms and urgency of Perdes preparation. Based on these conditions, Community Service (PKM) activities were carried out with the aim of increasing the knowledge, understanding, and awareness of the community and village officials regarding the importance of active involvement in Perdes formation. The problems raised in this activity include: (1) the level of knowledge and understanding of village officials regarding the procedures for Perdes formation; and (2) factors that hinder the community from participating optimally. The methods used were lectures and interactive discussions involving village officials and community representatives. The results of the activities showed that the understanding of village officials and the community was still limited, so that participation in Perdes formation was not optimal. Through this PKM activity, it is hoped that there will be an increase in the understanding, awareness, and involvement of the Teluk Kapuas Village community in the Perdes formulation process so that it can produce village regulations that are more participatory and meet the needs of residents.

This service is in the form of counseling and assistance in drafting village regulations for the BPD in Gebangan Village, Krejengan District, Probolinggo Regency. The material that will be provided is about the urgency of village regulations both philosophically, sociologically and legally and the techniques and mechanisms for drafting village regulations practically. The target of this service is BPD members and the Gebangan Village apparatus, Krejengan District. This service was taken as a strategic step and to provide an understanding of the urgency of forming village regulations and the mechanisms for drafting them. Because generally, BPD and village apparatus do not have the ability to draft village regulations, especially in Gebangan Village, even though the issuance of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages demands BPD productivity in producing legal products, especially in. This condition occurs because most BPD and its members do not have an educational background in the legal field, many are even only junior high and high school graduates or even did not graduate from school, so they do not understand enough about the issues in village regulations. In addition to not knowing about the procedures and mechanisms for drafting village regulations. Through this Community Service, it is hoped that it will become a strategic means for BPD members and Gebangan Village officials to be able to draft village regulations, so that they can get out of problems related to legal gaps in village programs.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana perlindungan hukum yang diberikan terhadap pekerja konstruksi melalui program-program yang diberikan pemerintah dan diwajibkan bagi pemberi kerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah normatif dengan menganalisa kesenjangan kenyataan dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan masih terdapat kasus yang terjadi dalam sektor konstruksi yang pekerjanya tidak memiliki jaminan terhadap keselamatan kerja. Hal ini tentu berdampak pada Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) yang sudah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1970 tentang Keselamatan Kerja jo. Peraturan Pemerintan Nomor 50 Tahun 2012 tentang Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja jo. Peraturan Menteri PUPR Nomor 10 Tahun 2021 Tentang Pedoman Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Konstruksi. Hal ini akan berdampak kepada perlindungan hukum bagi hak-hak pekerja konstruksi yang tidak terealisasikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk ada tindakan tegas yang menyertai sifat wajib program yang digalangkan pemerintah seperti BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.

This research discusses the Juridical Analysis of the Application of Government Regulation Number 16 of 2021 concerning Building in DKI Jakarta Province. The focus of the research is directed at the effectiveness of local policies in adjusting national regulations to the diverse urban dynamics of Jakarta, especially related to the Building Approval mechanism (PBG), supervision system, and enforcement of administrative sanctions. Using a normative juridical approach and analyzing local regulations such as Government Regulation No. 16 of 2021 on the Implementation Regulation of Law No. 28 of 2002 on Building, this research identifies implementative obstacles, such as weak supervision, limited human resources, and low public legal awareness. The findings show that adaptation efforts have not been fully optimized, so policy adjustments, institutional strengthening, and cross-sector collaboration are needed. This research confirms the importance of digitalization, public participation, and consistency of law enforcement in creating orderly and sustainable building development in Jakarta.

Religious education and religious studies play a strategic role in shaping individuals who are characterful, faithful, and intellectually intelligent amidst the challenges of globalization and national development. This study aims to examine the characteristics of religious education materials, teaching patterns, and the professionalism of teachers in Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia. The research method employs library research and qualitative content analysis based on relevant literature sources. The findings show that religious education in Indonesia is systemically regulated by Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 55 Tahun 2007, characterized by a holistic and integrative approach that combines religious values with science, technology, and contemporary culture. This education demands teachers who master not only formal teaching materials but also enrichment materials and possess high academic and social sensitivity. Teacher professionalism is a primary key to the success of this education in shaping students with noble character and the ability to adapt to changing times. The study highlights the importance of special development and training for teachers in religious education to fulfill their complex multidisciplinary roles optimally.

Unemployment is a very serious problem in the economy because it affects a person's life physically and mentally. The government responded to this problem by creating a labor-intensive program. The labor-intensive program is an initiative that aims to empower the community, especially productive poor families. This program is designed to achieve several goals, namely reducing unemployment, alleviating poverty, and increasing people's sources of income through the use of natural resources, technology, and workers. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of community empowerment through labor-intensive programs in Gubeng District. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive approach and used George C. Edward III's policy implementation theory. The research results show that the implementation of the labor-intensive program in Gubeng District is in accordance with Surabaya Mayor Regulation Number 83 of 2023. However, there are several obstacles to implementation, namely the lack of public interest in the labor-intensive program. Therefore, it is hoped that the Gubeng District government will be more aggressive in providing information regarding labor-intensive programs via social media with the aim of increasing public interest. The government must also evaluate and carry out direct monitoring in the field in the implementation of labor-intensive programs in Gubeng District.  

The legislative body is an institution or council that has the duty and authority to make laws and constitutions in a country. In the general explanation of Law Number 23 of 2014, it is stated that the Regional People's Representative Council, hereinafter abbreviated as DPRD, is a Regional People's Representative Institution which serves as an organizing element of the Regional Government.This research using a qualitative descriptive analysis method, namely by explaining or describing the data obtained by providing logical and correct interpretations in accordance with existing facts and or legal rules that are closely related to this research. So this research is a research that is sourced from primary and secondary data using an empirical juridical approach. Based on the research results, the use of the initiative right of Sikka DPRD members in making local regulations in 2018-2021 is still less than optimal. This can be seen based on data on the number of draft local regulations passed in 2018-2021. The number of local regulations produced by Sikka Regency is 34 (thirty-four) local regulations, including 4 (four) local regulations initiated by the DPRD and 30 local regulations initiated by the Regional Government. DPRD tends to be considered passive in contrast to the Local Government which is more pro-active because the proposal of local regulations (Perda) is more dominated by the regional legislative body than the executive body. The obstacles in the implementation of the legislative function of the DPRD of Sikka Regency are caused by internal factors such as level of education and experience, as well as external factors such as lack of political communication between the DPRD and the Local Government. Based on the results of the study, the author's suggestion is that the proposed local regulations be examined and scrutinized in depth to ensure their legal content and impact on society. The DPRD of Sikka Regency needs to improve the capacity of human resources through training and technical guidance related to the formation of initiative local regulations by involving academics and experts.

Within the decentralization framework, the government sets the Regency/City Minimum Wage (UMK) as the wage standard. However, in 2021, the Governor of the Riau Islands Province established a UMK that did not comply with Ministry of Manpower regulations. This decision adversely affected workers, particularly members of labor unions, as well as the entire workforce in Batam City. The research addresses two key issues: first, the legal consequences of a regional head’s policy in determining the minimum wage; second, the form of legal protection for workers against a UMK that contradicts ministerial regulations. The study applies a normative juridical method. Findings indicate, under Article 82 of the Industrial Relations Dispute Settlement Act (UU PPHI), that a state administrative decision violating statutory provisions may be: (1) declared null (nietig/absolute nietig), (2) null and void by law (nietigheid van rechtswege), or (3) annulled (verniegbaar). The Tanjungpinang Administrative Court Decision No. 1/G/2021/PTUN.TPI declared that Governor’s Decree No. 1362 of 2020 on Batam UMK contained substantial defects and was annulled. Legal protection for workers is provided through dispute settlement procedures at the Administrative Court and/or administrative remedies as stipulated by applicable regulations.

This study aims to analyze and describe the regulation of furniture business permits in Alak District, Manutapen Village, Kupang City, within the framework of regional and national legal provisions. Business permits are a vital aspect of legality, providing legal certainty and protection for entrepreneurs. Despite this importance, many wooden furniture businesses continue to operate without official permits. Several factors contribute to this issue, including limited knowledge of regulatory requirements, inadequate access to facilities and administrative services, and the perception among entrepreneurs that small-scale businesses do not necessarily require permits. This research adopts an empirical approach, employing semi-structured interviews with local furniture business owners who have not yet obtained permits. The findings reveal that although the government has made efforts to disseminate information and promote the importance of business permits, these initiatives have not been fully effective. Many entrepreneurs remain unaware of the legal obligations and the potential benefits that permits can provide, such as protection against legal disputes and opportunities for broader business development. The study further identifies both positive and negative impacts of the furniture industry in the local community. On the positive side, furniture businesses significantly contribute to household income, create new job opportunities, and foster creativity through innovative craftsmanship. On the negative side, they also cause environmental issues such as waste and pollution, reduce agricultural land due to the expansion of workshops, and influence lifestyle changes within the community. Based on these findings, the study concludes that the government must strengthen its role by enhancing outreach and education programs, simplifying the permit application process, and providing better support services to entrepreneurs. Additionally, active participation from business owners is crucial to ensure compliance with legal frameworks and to achieve a sustainable balance between economic growth, social welfare, and environmental preservation.

This research is motivated by the low level of community participation in the process of forming Village Regulations in Sukamantri Village, Ciawi District, Tasikmalaya Regency, which has resulted in less than optimal public involvement in decision-making at the village level. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of community participation in the formation of Village Regulations and to identify inhibiting factors and efforts made by the village government to increase such participation. This study uses a qualitative method with 11 informants consisting of village officials, community leaders, and villagers. Data were collected through literature studies, observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively by processing information from interviews and observations to draw conclusions. The results of the study indicate that community participation in the formation of Village Regulations in Sukamantri Village is still not optimal. The main obstacles faced include limited implementation time which results in some community members being unable to attend official forums, low legal literacy and understanding of the importance of involvement in village policy formulation, ineffective mechanisms for conveying aspirations, and the dominance of certain figures in the decision-making process which limits the representation of all elements of society. To overcome these obstacles, the village government has undertaken various efforts, including expanding outreach through neighborhood associations (RT/RW) and social media, opening additional discussion forums at the hamlet level, and involving various community groups, including women and youth, in village meetings. These efforts are expected to increase community awareness, involvement, and satisfaction with the Village Regulation drafting process, so that in the future, Village Regulation drafting can be more transparent, inclusive, and able to accommodate the aspirations of all levels of society.

An auction is an open sales mechanism that provides the public with the opportunity to acquire goods or assets through the highest bid. This process begins with an official announcement and is carried out transparently. In line with the development of information technology and efforts to modernize public services, the Indonesian government issued Minister of Finance Regulation (PMK) Number 122 of 2023 concerning Auction Implementation Guidelines. This regulation aims to update and simplify the auction process with a digital approach to make it more effective, efficient, and reach the wider community. This study aims to analyze the implementation of PMK 122/2023 at the Surakarta State Assets and Auction Service Office (KPKNL) and identify obstacles encountered in its implementation. The research method used is a juridical-empirical with a qualitative approach, where primary data was obtained through interviews with auction officials and related staff at the Surakarta KPKNL, while secondary data was collected from regulations, official documents, and legal literature. The research results show that the implementation of PMK 122/2023 has had a positive impact on improving the quality of auction services through digitalization, such as the implementation of an e-Auction system, the provision of e-Auction Corner facilities, and the use of other information technology to facilitate public access. Based on Soerjono Soekanto's theory of legal implementation, the success of policy implementation is influenced by factors such as legal substance, law enforcement officers, and the legal culture of the community. The Surakarta KPKNL (National Public Service Agency) is considered successful in increasing efficiency, accountability, and service satisfaction to the community. However, obstacles remain in its implementation, such as disputes over ownership of auction objects, resistance to occupants' evictions, and technical and administrative challenges in using online systems. This research recommends the need for inter-agency synergy, strengthening complementary regulations, and public education to support the smooth and sustainable implementation of digital-based auctions.

This study examines the ratification of the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related to Measures to Prevent BEPS through Presidential Regulation (Perpres) No. 77/2019. This ratification raises legal issues because Law No. 24 of 2000 concerning International Agreements stipulates that the ratification of certain international agreements should be carried out through a Law or Presidential Decree. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory approach to analyze the conformity of Perpres 77/2019 with Law No. 24 of 2000 and the theory of the hierarchy of legal norms. The results of the study indicate that Perpres 77/2019 is formally flawed because it conflicts with Law No. 24 of 2000, but in substance it is appropriate for use.

This study aims to analyze the efforts made by the Sukabumi City Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) in enforcing Mayor Regulation Number 05 of 2014 concerning restrictions on the operating hours of night entertainment venues. The regulation was implemented to maintain public order, reduce social disturbances, and ensure community comfort, particularly during nighttime hours in urban environments. Using a sociological legal approach with qualitative methods, data were collected through interviews with relevant stakeholders, field observations, and literature reviews. The findings reveal that Satpol PP has undertaken various enforcement efforts, including routine patrols to monitor venue compliance, educational outreach to business owners regarding regulations, and administrative sanctions such as written warnings and temporary closures for violators. Despite these initiatives, several challenges hinder the optimal enforcement of the regulation. These include limited human resources and operational infrastructure within Satpol PP, inconsistent public awareness of the regulation, and resistance from certain business actors who view the regulation as a barrier to economic activity and local tourism development. Moreover, coordination between relevant agencies, such as tourism and licensing departments, remains suboptimal. This study emphasizes the need for stronger inter-agency synergy, increased budget allocation, and ongoing public education to foster better compliance. It also suggests capacity-building programs for enforcement officers and the implementation of community-based monitoring systems to enhance transparency and support. In conclusion, although Satpol PP has shown commitment to implementing the regulation, the effectiveness of enforcement can be significantly improved through strategic resource optimization, cross-sector collaboration, and a participatory approach involving both authorities and the community.

This study aims to examine the effect of changes in tax rates, understanding of tax regulations, and tax awareness on the compliance of UMKM taxpayers. This research employs a survey approach with data collection via questionnaires from respondents who are UMKM taxpayers within the jurisdiction of KPP Pratama Sukoharjo. This study uses a sample of 100 determined using the Slovin formula. The data is analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS software. The t-test results indicate that all three independent variables have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, with the calculated t-values being greater than the t-table value (1.984) and the significance value below 0.05. This research proves that changes in tax rates, understanding of tax regulations, and tax awareness affect the compliance of UMKM taxpayers.

This study aims to examine and provide solutions to legal issues arising from TJSL regulations in Indonesia. In addition, this study aims to examine the reconstruction of TJSL regulations for limited liability companies in support of SDGs based on Government Regulation No. 47 of 2012. This research is a type of legal research. It analyzes the relationship between legal rules and recommends changes to deficiencies in regulations. This research is prescriptive in nature. It uses a legislative approach. In addition, this research uses a conceptual approach. Based on this research, it was found that legal issues arising from TJSL regulations in Indonesia exist in various aspects. There are various legal issues arising from TJSL regulations in Indonesia, such as inconsistency and fragmentation in regulations, unclear sanctions, and the absence of a special body or institution to oversee TJSL. The government, in this case the president, needs to reconstruct TJSL regulations by establishing a thematic TJSL program that integrates the 17 SDGs into the TJSL program. The reconstruction of TJSL regulations must be carried out in PP 47/2012 by establishing thematic TJSL programs to ensure the implementation of TJSL is targeted and supports the achievement of the SDGs.

This study aims to conceptually analyze the legislative function of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the formation of Village Regulations based on the Village Law as stipulated in Law Number 3 of 2024, as well as to identify the challenges in its implementation. This research employs a literature study method with a qualitative approach through the review of relevant sources, including academic journals, books, and policy documents. The findings indicate that the implementation of BPD’s legislative function still faces several obstacles, such as limited human resource capacity, a lack of understanding of legal aspects, the absence of systematic legislative planning, and weak coordination between the BPD and the Village Head. The implications of this study reveal that the legislative function of the BPD has not been optimally implemented. This underscores the need for institutional capacity strengthening, improved synergy among village-level stakeholders, the formulation of a Village Legislative Program (Prolegdes), technical facilitation by local governments, and adequate support for operational funding.