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Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality in children under five, especially those living in households with active smokers. This study aims to determine the risk of pneumonia in toddlers from smoking families in the working area of Meuraxa Public Health Center, Banda Aceh City. The research used a case-control design with 33 respondents, consisting of 11 cases (toddlers with pneumonia) and 22 controls (toddlers without pneumonia). Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test. The findings revealed that the prevalence of pneumonia among toddlers from smoking households was 33.3%. There were significant associations between pneumonia incidence and several factors, including nutritional status (p = 0.024), immunization status (p = 0.034), exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.027), parental smoking behavior inside the house (p = 0.009), and household ventilation (p = 0.017). Toddlers who were not exclusively breastfed, had poor nutritional status, incomplete immunization, poor air ventilation, and exposure to cigarette smoke at home were at higher risk of developing pneumonia. This study emphasizes the vital role of the family in creating a healthy, smoke-free home environment that supports children's well-being. Community-based interventions and educational programs are essential to prevent pneumonia and improve the quality of life of children, particularly in urban public health areas like Meuraxa.

Adolescence is an important phase characterized by physical and behavioral changes, including diet and sleep, which can affect nutritional status. Frequency of fast food consumption and sleep duration are two factors that are thought to contribute to the imbalance of adolescent nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the frequency of fast food consumption and sleep duration with nutritional status in students of SMA Negeri 6 Palu City. This study uses a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design. The population in this study active students in SMA Negeri 6 Palu city from Grade 10 to Grade 12 amounted to 841 students, with a Simple Random Sampling technique, : the results showed that most respondents were female (64.8%), age 16 years (51.7%), as many as (47.2%) students included in the category always consume fast food and (46.1%) have more sleep duration. Most nutritional Status is in the category of over nutrition (39.3%). There was a relationship between fast food consumption and nutritional status (p = 0.010) and there was no relationship between sleep duration and nutritional status (p = 0.813).

Nutrition is crucial for children's growth and development. A mother's ability to serve food dishes can affect nutrition knowledge, economic status, and family income. This study aims to determine if there is a correlation between maternal knowledge and the nutritional needs of children aged 1-4 years in Indrapuri Public Health Center. The study used a correlational analytical design with a cross- sectional approach. The sample consisted of 60 respondents, chosen using the total sampling technique. The research was conducted from April 30 to May 26, 2025. Data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test. The results showed that out of 60 respondents, most of the respondents were in the lower category of maternal knowledge level, with 57 respondents (95.0%), and 3 respondents (5.0%) were in the acceptable category. Fisher's Exact Test gave a p- value = 0.558 >0.005. These findings indicated no correlation between maternal knowledge levels and the nutritional needs of children. It is expected that the Public Health Center and health officials provide counseling to mothers on the importance of healthy food and nutritional knowledge from the Integrated Health Service Center (Posyandu).

Nutritional problems among preschool children remain a global and national concern. WHO (2017) reported that approximately 54% of child mortality under five is caused by malnutrition, while in Indonesia the prevalence of picky eaters reaches 20%, with West Java recording as high as 41.9%. The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data showed that the national stunting rate was still high at 30.8%, far from the national target of 19% in 2024. This study aimed to examine the relationship between picky eating behavior and physical activity with the nutritional status of preschool children at PAUD Kiddy Kid Center Banda Aceh. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The population included all 42 preschool children at the institution, selected through total sampling. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate (Chi-Square test) analyses. The results showed a significant relationship between picky eating behavior and nutritional status (p = 0.001), as well as between physical activity and nutritional status (p = 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant association between picky eating behavior, physical activity, and the nutritional status of preschool children. It is recommended that schools and parents collaborate in promoting healthy eating patterns and encouraging physical activity from an early age.

Exclusive breastfeeding ensures the optimal development of children's potential intelligence. Babies without complete exclusive breastfeeding are more vulnerable to malnutrition. They face risks of both under-nutrition and over-nutrition. This study aims to determine the correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status among infants in Kuta Cot Glie Public Health Center, Aceh Besar. This research was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 74 infants aged 0-6 months, selected using a Total Sampling technique. The study was conducted from May 1st to 23rd, 2025. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test. Of the total 74 respondents, 44 respondents (59.5%) had a normal nutritional status. Additionally, 43 respondents (58.1%) were exclusively breastfed. The Chi-Square test showed a p-value = 0.001 < 0.05. The findings indicate a correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status in infants. This study suggests that mothers exclusively breastfeed their babies. Therefore, mothers should also increase their knowledge by seeking information from various sources, such as clinics and professionals. This can help them understand the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and how to prevent malnutrition in infants.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Despite various preventive measures, preeclampsia is still frequently found at the primary health care level. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women at the Tiley Care Community Health Center. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all pregnant women who visited antenatal care at the Tiley Care Community Health Center, with a sample of 60 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a review of medical records and KIA books, then analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that maternal age, history of hypertension, nutritional status based on body mass index, and adherence to antenatal care visits had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of preeclampsia. Meanwhile, parity did not show a significant relationship with the incidence of preeclampsia. This study concluded that the incidence of preeclampsia is influenced by various maternal factors and maternal health behaviors during pregnancy. These findings underscore the importance of implementing risk-based antenatal care through early screening, ongoing monitoring, and increased adherence to antenatal care visits as a preventative measure for preeclampsia at the primary healthcare level.

Work fatigue is one of the factors that contribute to decreased productivity and increased risk of occupational accidents. This study aims to analyze various factors associated with work fatigue among production workers at PT. X in 2025. The research employed an analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 53 respondents selected using total sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires covering worker characteristics (age, nutritional status, medical history, smoking habits, years of service, and work stress) as well as levels of work fatigue. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. The findings revealed that 56.6% of workers experienced high levels of fatigue. There were significant associations between age (p=0.023; PR=1.836), nutritional status (p=0.021; PR=1.786), medical history (p=0.025; PR=1.789), smoking habits (p=0.039; PR=1.706), years of service (p=0.015; PR=1.912), and work stress (p=0.032; PR=0.574) with work fatigue. The results indicate that workers who are at-risk age (≥35 years), have abnormal nutritional status, a history of illness, smoking habits, and longer years of service are more likely to experience work fatigue. However, high work stress showed a negative relationship, suggesting a protective effect against fatigue. In conclusion, there is a relationship between age, nutritional status, medical history, smoking habits, years of service, and work stress with work fatigue among production workers at PT. X.

Physiotherapy plays an important role in promotive and preventive efforts through education for the community, including children’s health posts (posyandu). Children aged 1–5 years often experience eating difficulties that reduce appetite, increasing the risk of malnutrition and growth retardation. Low appetite is often related to oral-motor function disorders, such as difficulty chewing or swallowing. This activity aimed to increase mothers’ knowledge about oral-motor-sensory stimulation as an effort to improve children’s appetite. The community service program was conducted at Posyandu RW 02, Kota Lama Subdistrict, Malang City, involving 15 mothers or caregivers of toddlers. The method included physiotherapy counseling using interactive discussions and poster media, with knowledge evaluation through pre-test and post-test. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge, from 0% in the pre-test to 85% in the post-test. This counseling effectively enhanced mothers’ understanding and practical skills in performing oral-motor-sensory stimulation independently at home. With regular implementation, this stimulation is expected to increase children’s appetite, improve nutritional status, and support optimal growth and development. Moreover, it reinforces the role of physiotherapy in preventing nutritional problems and improving the quality of life of children from an early age.

Menstrual cycle disorders can negatively impact athletic performance. A combination of irregular eating patterns and intense training can increase the risk of such disturbances. Factors influencing menstrual cycle irregularities include nutritional status, physical activity, dietary habits, stress levels, smoking, hormonal medication use, and endocrine disorders. A study conducted in Semarang found that 28.8% of female athletes experienced menstrual cycle issues. This research aims to investigate how physical activity and food intake affect menstrual cycle disorders among adolescent volleyball athletes in Kudus Regency. The methodology employed was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach, selecting 46 respondents using purposive sampling techniques. The IPAQ and SQFFQ questionnaires were used as research instruments. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The results indicated that the majority of athletes had a high level of physical activity (76.1%), while 50% were categorized as having severe food intake deficits. Additionally, 78.3% of athletes experienced menstrual cycle disturbances, which included 36 individuals. Bivariate analysis revealed that physical activity influenced the menstrual cycle of adolescent volleyball athletes (p-value = 0.045), and dietary intake also had an effect (p-value = 0.000). Therefore, both physical activity and eating patterns significantly impact menstrual cycle disorders among adolescent volleyball athletes.

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by non-Soil Transmitted Helminths (non-STH), particularly Enterobius vermicularis, remain a public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Transmission does not require soil as a medium but occurs through direct contact, autoinfection, or unclean household environments. In children, infection may cause perianal itching, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and secondary infections due to scratching, which can affect nutritional status, sleep quality, and overall growth and development. This study was conducted in Kupang City, an endemic area of helminthiasis, to determine the prevalence and risk factors of E. vermicularis infection among children aged 1–5 years. A cross-sectional design with total sampling was applied to 30 children living in RT 008/RW 003, Penfui Timur Village, Kupang Tengah District, from February to May 2025. Risk factor data were collected using structured questionnaires covering personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, socioeconomic status, and parental education. Infection was identified using the scotch tape technique and microscopic examination. The results showed a prevalence of 7% (2 out of 30 children), mainly among boys aged ≥4 years, with poor personal hygiene, inadequate sanitation, low economic status, and parental education at elementary school level or below. In conclusion, enterobiasis in children is influenced by a combination of behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Prevention should not rely solely on mass deworming programs but also require continuous health education for parents, improved hygiene practices, and household sanitation.

Introduction: Children of all ages can get tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease. With 500,000 child TB cases annually and 40–50% of the population in poor nations being categorized as children, child TB is a significant disease to research. This study's main goal was to ascertain how nutritional status, contact history, and BCG immunization status related to childhood tuberculosis at Tidore Hospital in 2025.  Methods: This kind of study used a cross-sectional design and was analytically descriptive. In December 2025, there were 80 children with tuberculosis who visited the polyclinic on a regular basis, making up the study's population. Contact history has a significance level of 0.000 <0.05 and a t value of 3.564 > t table 1.665. This indicates that the Child TB variable is significantly impacted by the contact history variable to some extent. The t count value for immunization status is 4.055 > t table 1.665, with a significance of 0.000 <0.05. This indicates that the Child TB variable is significantly impacted by the Immunization Status variable to some extent. The Nutritional Status hypothesis was tested, and the results reveal a t value of 3.044 > t table of 1.665 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05. This indicates that the Child TB variable is significantly impacted by the Nutritional Status variable to some extent.So the advice for health workers is that it is hoped that they will be more active in providing counseling or KIE, putting up poster media, and providing leaflets related to TB in children.

Background: Pregnant women with poor nutritional status are at risk of experiencing low breast milk production, which in turn can affect the fulfillment of infant nutrition from an early age. Suboptimal breast milk production impacts the growth and development of infants and has the potential to increase the incidence of malnutrition. Based on preliminary data in the Siti Hajar Room of Sultan Hadlirin Islamic Hospital, Jepara, it was found that several postpartum mothers experienced delayed breast milk production with a history of malnutrition. This condition shows the importance of maternal nutritional status during pregnancy as a factor that directly influences lactation. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and postpartum breast milk production in the Siti Hajar Room of Sultan Hadlirin Islamic Hospital, Jepara. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design with a total sampling technique. A total of 30 postpartum mothers were selected as respondents. The independent variable consisted of the nutritional status of pregnant women as measured by Body Mass Index (BMI), Upper Arm Circumference (LILA), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. The dependent variable was postpartum breast milk production as observed clinically. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The results of the study showed a significant relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and breast milk production. Statistical tests found that BMI (p = 0.018), LiLA (p = 0.027), and Hb levels (p = 0.006) had a significant association with the adequacy of breast milk production. Conclusion: The nutritional status of pregnant women was proven to be closely related to postpartum breast milk production. Mothers with good nutritional status tend to produce sufficient breast milk production. This finding emphasizes the need for routine nutritional monitoring of pregnant women and nutritional education during pregnancy to support the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

This article examines the role of students of the Real Work Lecture (KKN) of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra in Stabat Lama Village in supporting community development through an integrative approach that covers three main areas, namely religious moderation, stunting prevention, and extreme poverty alleviation. The religious moderation program is carried out through Maghrib Mengaji, Gebyar Islami, and interfaith dialogue, which has been proven to strengthen tolerance and social harmony in the community. The stunting prevention program is realized through the provision of supplemental food (PMT) based on local ingredients, which is able to improve the nutritional status of toddlers while preventing the risk of new stunting. Furthermore, the community economic empowerment program is carried out through ecoprint training with eco pounding techniques that produce works of selling value and open up opportunities for environment-based businesses. The results of the activities show that the three programs complement each other and contribute to improving health, economic independence, and socio-religious harmony. The real impact of the implementation of this program is not only felt in the short term, but also provides the foundation for the development of a more independent and sustainable society. Through the active involvement of students, KKN activities succeeded in connecting academic theory with real practice in the field, so that it was able to provide contextual solutions to village problems. The empowerment carried out also emphasizes inclusive community participation, especially vulnerable groups such as housewives and toddlers, so as to provide more equitable benefits. Thus, KKN in Stabat Lama Village represents a holistic, sustainable, and relevant service model to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Obesity among college students is a public health issue that is gaining increasing attention because it is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart disease, and can reduce quality of life and academic productivity. College students, as a group of early adults, are in a transition phase towards independence and are therefore vulnerable to lifestyle changes, including unhealthy eating patterns, fast food consumption, low physical activity due to busy studies, irregular sleep habits, and high academic stress. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with obesity among students at the Islamic University of Ogan Komering Ilir in 2025. This study used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. A sample of 95 students was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and body mass index (BMI) measurement to determine respondents' nutritional status. Independent variables included diet, physical activity, sleep quality, stress levels, and a family history of obesity. The results showed a prevalence of obesity of 17.9%. Bivariate analysis found a significant association between obesity and unhealthy diet (p=0.002), low physical activity (p=0.000), poor sleep quality (p=0.000), and high stress levels (p=0.001). Meanwhile, a family history of obesity showed a tendency to have an effect but was not statistically significant. These findings indicate that obesity in college students is largely influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of health promotion interventions on campus, such as balanced nutrition counseling, increased access to sports facilities, stress management, and education on healthy sleep patterns. Promotive and preventive efforts undertaken from a young age are expected to reduce the risk of obesity and chronic disease in the future.

The 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) shows that 1 in 4 Indonesian children suffers from stunting and 1 in 10 children suffers from malnutrition. Good nutrition is a crucial foundation for optimal growth and development, especially for those growing up in vulnerable environments. According to the WHO, stunting is a failure of growth and development experienced by children due to prolonged inadequate nutritional intake, recurrent infectious diseases, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. However, on the other hand, children who experience stunting are usually accompanied by developmental delays in various other organs, especially if malnutrition occurs during the first 1000 days of life (HPK). Stunting is defined as a child's length for age (PB/A) or height for age (H/A) that is lower than -2 standard deviations. Therefore, a child with stunting is definitely stunted, but a child who is stunted is not necessarily stunted. Stunting that occurs before a child is 2 years old is an indication of decreased cognitive abilities at a later age if not followed by adequate psychosocial stimulation, thus impacting academic or educational abilities later in life. Providing innovative education such as making moringa pudding is one way to present nutritious and creative food or drinks so that it can be accepted by kindergarten mothers who have toddlers and preschoolers. The content of moringa leaves is a food ingredient that has good nutritional value, especially for preventing stunting in children.

The prevalence of stunting globally in 2021 reached 171 million to 314 million. In Indonesia, the results of the Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) showed that the stunting rate in 2019 was 27.7%, in 2021 it was 24.4%, and in 2022 it was 21.4%. Child stunting is a health concern in Indonesia. Causes of stunting in children include poor nutrition, low exclusive breastfeeding rates, low birth weight (LBW), and maternal factors in providing nutrition from pregnancy to 59 months of age. Research reports that stunting is influenced by parents' lack of knowledge about balanced nutrition. Knowledge plays a vital role in the life and development of individuals and society.Purpose This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge about balanced nutrition and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Jambu Village area, Mlonggo District, Jepara City. Method This research is a quantitative correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were mothers with toddlers in the Jambu Village area, Mlonggo District. The sampling technique used total sampling to obtain a sample of 34 respondents. Measurement of the level of knowledge of nutritional balance by providing questions with multiple choices of true and false and for stunting using Microtois and Anthropometric Table. Data processing using SPSS with a computer using the Spearman Rho statistical test.The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents had good nutritional balance knowledge, amounting to 16 (47.1%), while 17 (50.0%) respondents did not experience stunting.There is a relationship between maternal knowledge about balanced nutrition and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Jambu Village, Mlonggo District, Jepara Regency.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs, but also capable of involving other organs. According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, pediatric TB cases increased by 20.9% in 2021. Similarly, at the Aceh Provincial Health Office reported an 87.3% rise in TB cases in the same year, with North Aceh being one of the regions with the highest prevalence. This study aims to describe the nutritional status of children diagnosed with TB at Cut Meutia Hospital. A descriptive research design was employed, using medical record data of pediatric TB patients. The sampling of technique used was total sampling, comprising 53 children. The findings showed that among the 53 pediatric pulmonary TB cases, most were male (28 children or 52.8%). The most affected age group was school-aged children (29 children or 54.7%). Regarding nutritional status, the majority had good nutrition (32 children or 60.4%). Pulmonary TB was the most prevalent form of TB, found in 41 children (77.4%). When analyzed by age and gender, pulmonary TB was the predominant type across all groups. In conclusion, pulmonary TB was the most common form of TB, predominantly affecting school-aged boys with good nutritional status.

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are global nutritional issues affecting children, particularly in developing countries. The interaction between these two conditions can lead to a more complex condition known as Vitamin A Deficiency Anemia (VADA). This study aims to review the molecular relationship between Vitamin A deficiency and iron metabolism leading to VADA, as well as its impact on children's health. The methodology used in this article is a literature review of various clinical studies, epidemiological research, and relevant molecular experiments. The results show that VADA is primarily a functional iron deficiency, where iron absorption is impaired despite overall body iron levels not being critically low. This mechanism involves the regulation of hepcidin, redistribution of iron, and its effects on erythropoiesis. Additionally, therapy with Vitamin A supplementation has been shown to increase erythropoietin and hemoglobin production in children with dual deficiencies. The implications of these findings highlight the need for more integrated therapeutic strategies that consider both Vitamin A and iron status simultaneously. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms more deeply involved in this interaction and to develop more effective therapies for children with VADA.

The pregnancy period is a crucial time for ensuring the health of the mother and fetus through the provision of balanced nutrition. However, nutritional issues such as anemia and chronic energy deficiency (CED) are still commonly found among pregnant women. The use of local nutritious foods, such as moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), can be a potential solution to support nutritional needs. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of pregnant women in preparing healthy menus and balanced eating patterns using moringa leaves. The activity was carried out through interactive lectures, coaching on menu preparation, cooking demonstrations of moringa leaf dishes, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. The participants were pregnant women in the working area of the Wara Selatan Health Center in Palopo City, totaling 25 people. The results showed an increase in participants' nutritional knowledge, with an average pre-test score of 55 rising to 82 in the post-test. Participants were also able to prepare a balanced daily menu based on moringa leaves and produce several processed products, including moringa soup, moringa fritters, and moringa pudding. It can be concluded that the healthy menu coaching activity using local moringa leaves effectively improves the knowledge and skills of pregnant women regarding balanced nutrition. The use of local foods such as moringa leaves has the potential to support the improvement of maternal nutritional status in a simple, economical, and sustainable manner.

Malnutrition is a condition in which the body does not receive enough essential nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, calories, and minerals, which causes various health problems, especially wasting and stunting, making it a serious concern in children. According to the Basic Health Research, the prevalence of malnourished children in Indonesia remained stable at 17.8% between 2016 and 2017 but decreased to 13.8% in 2018. This case study focuses on a 23-month-old girl from Kuala Keureuto Village, who was observed for three weeks through home visits in 2025. The diagnosis of malnutrition was made in accordance with national guidelines outlined in the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2020, regarding child anthropometric standards. Anthropometric measurements showed that the child's height was 78.3 cm and her weight was 8.8 kg. Based on these measurements, her nutritional status was assessed as follows: A height/age Z-score between -2 and -3 SD indicates stunting, a weight/age Z-score between -2 and -3 SD indicates underweight, while a weight/age Z-score below -2 SD and a BMI/age Z-score below -2 SD are considered well-nourished. After confirming the diagnosis, the patient received nutrition education, supplemental feeding, appetite-stimulating supplements, and growth monitoring. In addition, analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing her condition, concluding that the malnutrition observed in this 23-month-old patient was influenced by parenting behavior, parental knowledge, medical history, incomplete immunizations, and environmental factors.