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The purpose of this research is to analyze the model of religious moderation in the community of Pelayan Raya Village, Sungai Penuh City, Jambi Province, which is highly multicultural and multi-ethnic, predominantly inhabited by the Kerinci and Minangkabau ethnic groups. Additionally, it is also inhabited by Batak, Chinese, and Indian ethnic groups who have long settled in the area, thus making the diversity of ethnic groups, ethnicities, and religions that reside and live side by side in Sungai Penuh city using a social construction approach, so that Pelayan Raya Village, Sungai Penuh Subdistrict, Sungai Penuh City is made into a Village of Religious Moderation (KMB) and as an alternative model of religious harmony. The method used to collect data in the field is a qualitative model, carried out through observation, interviews with certain religious figures who are competent, and randomly selected communities, and documentation. The research results found that, First: The harmony model is associative, social relationships are formed without being hindered by religious, ethnic, racial, and ethnic backgrounds so that communication and interaction are established moderately. Second, The model of planting religious moderation (tolerance (tasamuh), justice (i'tidal), balance (tawazzun)). Third, the existence of Churches, Mosques becomes silent witnesses to the realization and actualization of religious moderation that has long been rooted and the existence of tolerance and disparities that have been established in the implementation of the community in Sungai Penuh-Jambi, thus creating a harmonious life in society.

Modern business, whether in trade of goods or services, is experiencing rapid growth that contributes to the global economy. However, globalization and technological advancements have brought challenges in communication and conflict resolution, especially in cross-cultural negotiations. This research aims to investigate communication barriers and conflict resolution strategies in the context of multicultural business negotiations, focusing on factors influencing intercultural communication and effective approaches to conflict resolution. A literature review approach is employed in this study. Data is collected from  various related literature, including books, scientific journals, and articles discussing communication barriers and conflict resolution in business from 2015 to 2024. The data is critically analyzed to identify the relationship between communication barriers and conflict resolution in business negotiations. The research results indicate that language differences, communication styles, social norms, business ethics, and perceptions of time are major barriers in intercultural communication that can disrupt business negotiations. These barriers often lead to misunderstandings and conflicts that can damage business relationships. Additionally, interest-based approaches and Pancasila-based deliberation are identified as effective conflict resolution strategies, emphasizing the values of democracy, kinship, and mutual cooperation.

This literature review explores strategies for teaching tolerance through Sufism moral (Akhlak Sufism) courses for future English teachers in the Islamic English Education Study Program. The morals of Sufism, as part of the Islamic tradition, emphasize the development of moral and spiritual character which is essential to forming a tolerant and inclusive attitude. In the context of teacher education, the integration of Sufism values ​​aims to increase the understanding and application of tolerance among prospective teachers, so that they can act as agents of positive change in a multicultural environment. This article reviews relevant literature to identify the methods, challenges, and impacts of implementing Sufism Morals in the English teacher education curriculum. Findings show that this approach not only enriches prospective teachers' pedagogical competencies but also shapes attitudes that are more inclusive and respectful of diversity.

The digital era has created new challenges for leaders in terms of complexity and caused very rapid changes. Adaptive leadership is crucial so that organizations can adapt to digital transformation. This article aims to understand the effective implementation of digital adaptive leadership, specific challenges and opportunities, its contribution to business desires, core competencies, as well as achieving strategic alignment. Digital leaders must be agile and continuously learn to overcome challenges such as the complexity of the business environment and the speed of technology and innovation adoption. They also need to encourage a culture of agility and risk-taking. Core competencies include the ability to build multicultural teams, ethical leadership in data use, and maintaining digital alignment strategies. Continuous training is needed so that leaders have the skills to meet the demands of the digital era.

Pancasila as the foundation of the Indonesian state has norms that regulate religious and cultural diversity. However, in practice, diversity is still a task that must be taken seriously.” This article discusses problems that arise due to diversity, such as conflicts between religious, ethnic and cultural communities. The purpose of writing this article is to provide relevant views related to multicultural education and its relationship with the principles of Christian values so that a tolerant nation is born. Indonesia is a nation that has different religions, ethnicities and cultures, but these differences often become one of the triggers for conflict. With the application of a strong multicultural understanding in a nation, Indonesia will become a strong nation and accept differences as heritage. The method used in writing this article is descriptive qualitative method, by conducting a literature review from several relevant sources, describing a thing, phenomenon, or social setting in explaining or describing related to the topic of multicultural and Christian values. By instilling multicultural education with the principles of Christian values (Galatians 5:22-23) such as love, peace, joy, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control is relevant to create a nation that is tolerant, lives in harmony, accepts and respects each other despite having different backgrounds.

The psychodynamic approach includes a deep understanding of the complex interactions between culture and individual psychological aspects. This approach combines elements of psychodynamics, such as unconscious conflict and psychosexual development, with sensitivity to the role of culture in shaping a person's identity and thought patterns. The aim of this research is to understand in depth the multicultural view in the psychodynamic approach. By using literature study research methods which involve collecting, reviewing, and synthesizing information from relevant text sources to answer research questions or develop arguments. This study supports the aspect of cultural integration in psychodynamic practice to understand mental dynamics in a multicultural context. Psychodynamics in multiculturalism tends to emphasize the importance of understanding the complexity of individuals by considering their cultural background. These conclusions indicate the need to integrate multicultural aspects in psychodynamic practice to understand and respond to the diversity of human experience more holistically

Pancasila education in Indonesia aims to shape the character of a diverse society into a cohesive unity with a focus on the value of tolerance in a multicultural community. This article examines the role of Pancasila education in promoting a tolerant attitude amidst a culturally diverse society, with values such as social justice, unity, equality, and cooperation as the foundation of harmony amidst differences. Studies also indicate the potential to strengthen tolerance values through intercultural interactions, such as in the activity of hunting for takjil, which symbolizes togetherness among various community groups. By strengthening the understanding of Pancasila values, society can be more open and appreciative of differences, creating harmonious intercultural relationships.

ABSTRACT Pancasila, as the foundation of the Indonesian state, plays a central role in maintaining diversity in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). In the context of rich multiculturalism, Pancasila functions as a philosophical and moral foundation that binds the Indonesian nation. This abstract explores the role of Pancasila as a fortress that ensures unity in the ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity that exists in Indonesia. Pancasila affirms the principles of unity, social justice, democracy and just and civilized humanity, creating a framework that allows Indonesian people to live side by side in harmony. By understanding and internalizing the values ​​of Pancasila, Indonesian people can strengthen the country's sovereignty and build a strong foundation for an inclusive and sustainable future.

“Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” is the official motto of Indonesia, meaning “Different but still one.” It emphasizes unity in diversity, highlighting the importance of unity amidst Indonesia’s ethnic, religious, racial and cultural diversity. Efforts such as multicultural education, social campaigns, and public policies will be highlighted as strategic measures to address the problem of racism in Indonesia.  The method used in this research is a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through distributing Google Form links through each member’s social media account.  This research aims to increase the awareness of the Indonesian people of the values of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika as the foundation of the unity of diversity in Indonesia, so that behaviors that can affect the emergence of racism can be avoided. The results of this study found that some people are aware of racist behavior that still occurs around them, while others are not.  It is hoped that this research can be a useful guide for efforts to prevent and overcome racism in Indonesia, as well as strengthen a shared commitment to creating an inclusive, tolerant and respectful society.

Indonesia is a unitary state with a lot of diversity, including various tribes, languages, religions, and cultures. Because it has so many differences, it is important for this nation to practice moderation in religion in order to prevent divisions that can damage the unity of the country. This research is educational and empirical. From the educational aspect, the focus is on the social aspect of religion in a multicultural society by emphasising the values of moderation. Meanwhile, from the empirical side, researchers will analyse the behaviour and actions of society in the practice of religious moderation. A country that is rich in diversity like Indonesia today often faces the issue of radicalism. Various groups that claim to represent certain interests are growing and openly spreading their ideologies. Therefore, religious moderation is an important element to encourage mutual understanding and respect for differences. It is hoped that this can be realised in harmony between religious communities in the midst of community life. The main objective of this study is to explore how to implement religious moderation as a strategic step to create a more inclusive and harmonious Indonesia in the future. The approach used in this study is a literature review, with a descriptive analysis style, namely examining documents and the implementation of religious moderation programmes in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the government faces various challenges in implementing religious moderation, such as rejection from conservative groups and lack of support from educational institutions. The conclusion of this study is that religious moderation is a key factor in building a harmonious and inclusive Indonesia. This can be achieved by increasing collaboration between the government, religious leaders, and the community in promoting the values of moderation. Thus, religious moderation can be a strong foundation for ensuring peace and social stability in Indonesia.

The purpose of this discussion is to see how the dynamics of multicultural education in the surrounding environment, based on the definition, purpose, basis, how multicultural and cultural education diffusion, as well as the conceptual framework. Where the methodology used in this research is in the form of Library Research, namely researchers utilize research methods by collecting, studying, and understanding sources regarding multicultural education, Data collection in this method is using how to analyze and reconstruct existing references, such as books, journal articles, and studies that have been carried out by previous research. Study materials obtained from sources in the form of scientific articles both national and international, books, magazines, online news. multicultural education is needed as an effort to transform awareness so that differences in culture, customs, religion, and ethnicity can be embraced. Multicultural education also teaches a culture that has always existed until now.

Multicultural is often used to describe the unity of various ethnic groups in a country. This journal explains what gender equality looks like from a multicultural perspective. This research is a literature review. When discussing equality, the focus is on the fair treatment of all people. Differences are part of true equality, and groups must have special rights to compensate for existing differences. When analyzing the basic assumptions of the principle of equality and recognition of differences, several problems were discovered. First, there is tension between one group and another, where multiculturalism ironically emphasizes differences between cultural groups and ignores similarities. Second, conflicts may arise between minority groups who demand equal rights. If we want to further advance our multicultural agenda, we need to address these issues.

This study investigates the influence of social media and citizen science initiatives on astronomical literacy and its application in maritime navigation among transportation cadets. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and observational studies, the perceptions and practices of 40 cadets at a transportation institute in Jakarta were explored. The findings reveal that social media platforms play a significant role in enhancing navigational knowledge and skills among cadets, providing access to diverse educational resources and fostering engagement with astronomical content. Similarly, participation in citizen science projects positively impacts astronomical literacy, offering hands-on learning experiences that reinforce theoretical knowledge. Moreover, the research highlights the importance of promoting cultural competence in maritime education to prepare cadets for navigating in multicultural environments. By aligning educational curricula with international standards and embracing emerging technologies, educational institutions can better equip transportation cadets with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in the globalised maritime industry.

This study explores the influence of cultural traditions on the formation and adaptation of legal norms in multicultural societies. By analyzing cases from countries with diverse ethnic groups, the article evaluates how traditional practices sometimes conflict with formal legal standards, particularly in family and property law. Findings indicate the importance of incorporating cultural considerations into legal frameworks to enhance social cohesion while ensuring justice and equality.

Islamic education holds a strategic position in shaping students’ moral character and social attitudes within multicultural societies. However, Islamic educational curricula are frequently perceived as prioritizing normative-textual transmission and doctrinal compliance, leaving limited room for interfaith dialogue and the cultivation of inclusive dispositions. This study critically assesses Islamic educational curriculum orientations and examines how sharia-based moral pedagogy can foster interfaith tolerance among students. The study also responds to the limited empirical linkage between sharia moral education and measurable developments in tolerance, inclusivity, and dialogic competence in Islamic schooling contexts. Using a qualitative design with descriptive-critical analysis, the research draws on curriculum document analysis and classroom observations across several Islamic educational institutions. Data are analyzed thematically to identify how three key curricular dimensions-akhlak (ethical conduct), maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (higher moral objectives), and Islamic civilization history-are embedded and enacted in teaching practices, as well as how these elements shape students’ attitudes toward religious difference. The results indicate that akhlak-centered learning supports empathy, mutual respect, and non-discriminatory behavior by framing morality as lived practice rather than abstract instruction. Integrating maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah strengthens students’ inclusive orientation by emphasizing public good, justice, and human dignity as guiding principles for social relations. Additionally, teaching Islamic civilization history-especially narratives of coexistence-enhances students’ awareness of interfaith engagement and positions dialogue as compatible with Islamic identity. A comparative analysis suggests that sharia-based moral pedagogy is more effective than normative-textual curricula in building tolerant and inclusive student dispositions, mainly because it enables reflective learning, contextual moral reasoning, and dialogic interaction.

This study investigates teachers' perceptions, experiences, and challenges in implementing authentic assessment in multicultural secondary school classrooms. Authentic assessment, focusing on real-world applications and holistic evaluation, is considered valuable for engaging students and fostering critical thinking. However, teachers in multicultural settings face specific challenges, including cultural sensitivity, time constraints, limited assessment literacy, and institutional policies favoring traditional assessments. Through qualitative, phenomenological research with in-depth interviews of language and literacy teachers, the study examines the benefits and barriers of authentic assessment. The findings indicate that while teachers recognize its pedagogical value, they encounter difficulties such as time limitations, insufficient professional development, and a lack of institutional support. Additionally, adapting assessments to be culturally relevant while ensuring fairness and inclusivity proves challenging. This research contributes to understanding the practical obstacles teachers face when applying authentic assessment in diverse classrooms. It also suggests that enhancing assessment literacy, providing targeted professional development, and revising policies to support flexible assessment approaches could help address these issues. The study emphasizes the need for a more culturally responsive approach to assessment, aiming to better equip students for real-world success while addressing the complexities of multicultural education.

This study focuses on developing a global curriculum model that integrates intercultural and multilingual competencies to enhance students’ academic and communicative skills. The proposed framework emphasizes flexibility, inclusivity, and adaptability, combining theoretical knowledge with practical applications to help students thrive in multicultural, multilingual, and digitally mediated global contexts. Using a qualitative curriculum design approach, the study examines the integration of intercultural competence and multilingual education into existing curricula, offering a model adaptable to diverse educational settings. It further explores the impact of this curriculum on students' ability to communicate across cultural and linguistic boundaries, highlighting the importance of digital literacy and global communication skills. The findings indicate that the intercultural model enhances students' academic performance and global citizenship, preparing them for international collaborations and addressing global challenges. Additionally, the curriculum's adaptability ensures its alignment with digital education demands, making it relevant in today’s evolving educational landscape. The research underscores the importance of curricula that embrace cultural diversity and linguistic multiplicity, promoting inclusivity and preparing students for the complexities of an interconnected world. The study concludes with practical recommendations for educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers to implement intercultural and multilingual frameworks globally, ensuring students are equipped with the necessary skills for success in the digital and globalized world.

This study examines the impact of structured online collaborative learning (OCL) on foreign language skills in multinational higher education settings. As digital platforms become integral to global education systems, OCL has proven effective in enhancing language proficiency, especially in speaking, writing, and interaction. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study employed pre-test and post-test assessments to measure language improvements before and after engaging in OCL activities. The results demonstrated significant progress in all areas of language proficiency, particularly in speaking and interactional skills, owing to continuous peer interaction, structured feedback, and collaborative tasks mimicking real-world communication scenarios. The study emphasizes the importance of synchronous collaboration in fostering fluency and confidence, particularly through real-time communication and peer feedback. However, challenges such as technological disparities and cultural differences were observed, occasionally limiting full participation. Despite these obstacles, the findings suggest that OCL is an effective method for improving foreign language skills. The study advocates for the integration of collaborative online learning tools in language education curricula, particularly in diverse, multicultural environments. Future research should explore the long-term effects of OCL on language acquisition, address technological barriers, and investigate the effectiveness of various collaborative models in enhancing specific language skills.

This research examines the benefits of incorporating multicultural education into primary and secondary school curricula. Through a mixedmethods approach, we explore how students' attitudes towards diversity and global citizenship are influenced by exposure to multicultural content. Findings indicate that students who engage with multicultural education are more likely to develop empathy, cultural awareness, and a sense of global responsibility. The study suggests that multicultural education is crucial for preparing students to thrive in a diverse, interconnected world.

With regards to carrying out the upsides of multicultural training at Harapan Bangsa Panti Professional Secondary School, this review endeavors to recognize the strategies utilized by Islamic strict instruction instructors. Perception, interview, and documentation information assortment procedures were utilized in this subjective exploration. The information examination approach stage incorporates information decrease, information show, information check, triangulation, and leading administrative interviews. The exploration discoveries show: At Harapan Bangsa Panti Professional School, each Islamic Strict Training instructor makes educational program and example plans as a feature of carrying out multicultural instruction values. The idea of multicultural schooling is utilized in Islamic Strict Training to establish an Islamic learning climate by imparting the upsides of respectability, ethical quality and pardoning.