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Deli Meylindo; Okta Viani; Ermi Aprilia; Dessy Eka Citra Dewi

Perspektif: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Bahasa 2025 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Evaluation of Islamic educational institutions is a systematic process to assess the extent to which Islamic educational institutions carry out their functions, achieve their goals, and meet the established quality standards, both in terms of managerial, administrative, and academic aspects. This evaluation not only functions as a performance measurement tool, but also as a means of reflection and continuous improvement in order to improve the quality of education based on Islamic values. The dimensions of institutional evaluation include various important aspects such as the vision and mission of the institution, curriculum, educators, students, community facilities and infrastructure, institutional management, and the relationship between the institution and. The main purpose of this evaluation is to ensure the quality of education, encourage public accountability, and ensure the relevance of the institution to the needs of the times and the demands of Islamic law. In its context, institutional evaluation is not only administrative and technocratic, but also transformative, namely serving to guide institutions in carrying out comprehensive structural and cultural improvements in order to be able to produce generations that excel spiritually, intellectually, and socially.

Syafriyani Syafriyani; Niniek Pratiwi; M. Ikhsan Rahmat Datuage

Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Bersama Masyarakat 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

The construction of a gazebo on the grounds of the Rectorate Building at Campus 1 of Gorontalo State University is an integral component of the Building Design Studio I course, which bridges theoretical knowledge and practical application for vocational students. This study aims to explore the process of student involvement in the design, implementation, and completion of the gazebo project, as well as to assess its alignment with the theory of simple building design and construction. The methods used for this project included on-site design evaluations, selection of local materials, distribution of group tasks, site analysis, creation of technical drawings, phased construction involving the lower, middle, and upper structures, and finishing. The results indicate that students effectively translated their technical drawings into a functional and aesthetically appealing structure. The gazebo was built using locally sourced materials, such as wood and bamboo, ensuring the structure met necessary strength standards while blending harmoniously with the campus environment. The activity highlighted the relevance of theoretical knowledge, with discussions emphasizing key concepts such as sustainability, accuracy in measurement, and effective team coordination. Furthermore, students' active participation in the project significantly enhanced their technical and managerial competencies, fostering a sense of responsibility toward the maintenance and development of campus facilities. The hands-on nature of the project also allowed students to gain real-world experience in construction practices, which directly contributes to their vocational training. This project serves as an effective example of project-based learning in vocational education, combining practical skills development with theoretical understanding. By engaging in this real-world application, students were able to strengthen their problem-solving abilities and gain insights into the complexities of construction projects, ultimately preparing them for professional careers in the field of architecture and building design

Wawan Mulyawan; Muhamad Lutfi

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study aims to deconstruct the technocratic rationality underpinning social investment policies implemented in Bima Regency by critically illuminating the ideological co-optation of neoliberalism, which manifests through the language of modernity, productivity, and pseudo-empowerment. Within a structurally asymmetrical and historically marginalized context, the global paradigm of social investment has been adopted in an ahistorical and depoliticized manner, resulting in policy architectures that are both irrelevant and exclusionary. Employing a critical-qualitative approach with a deconstructive design rooted in post-structuralist epistemology, this research conceptualizes public policy as an ideological text that demands reinterpretation and recontextualization. Data were obtained through rigorous analysis of institutional and academic literature and interpreted using the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings reveal that social investment policies in Bima function not as instruments of structural transformation but rather as symbolic mechanisms of ideological co-optation, which conceal systemic inequality under the guise of bureaucratic performance metrics. The local state apparatus has lost its articulative capacity, subordinated to a global epistemology that is profoundly indifferent to local particularities. Terminologies such as “empowerment” and “human capacity” are reduced to administrative slogans devoid of redistributive justice. Consequently, the social investment paradigm has shifted the state's role from an agent of justice to a managerial entity of poverty normalizing exclusion and reinforcing the subordination of the subaltern populace.

Yumna, Nailarania Zafira

Digital transformation in the sales function has become a critical strategic element in facing the challenges of the digital era. This study aims to explore how companies’ managerial practices in managing digital sales transformation compare to existing prescriptive frameworks. Using a survey approach of 540 sales managers from the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy, and a cluster analysis based on five key dimensions—strategic clarity, sales force replacement, sales force empowerment, implementation actions, and key performance indicators—this study identifies four typologies of companies: Digital Sales Transformation Leaders, Laggards, Enablers, and Replacers. The results show that the success of digital transformation is influenced by a combination of strategic clarity, targeted use of technology, and a focus on customer value creation. This study provides a practical contribution in the form of a taxonomy that can be used as an evaluative and strategic tool for companies in designing and implementing effective digital sales transformation.

Mawardi, Kholid; Negara, Gembong Satria; Guritno, Suryo; Yulianto, Yulianto; Santoso, Wahyudi +1 more

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2025 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

The authors of the article have chosen a company acting as an agent for a container shipping line because the company seeks to decrease its service failures and reduce the chaotic nature of its activities by systematizing them from a scientific point of view and refining its operations at the managerial level. Employees of the company are responsible for activities such as a search for customers, price offers, contacting clients, the conclusion of contracts, coordination of cargo transportation, document control, invoicing and payment control. Proper execution of these operations ensures the quality of services provided by the container line agent. The learning organization concept, situational management theory and total quality management theory are applicable to the management of the personnel activity process in the line. In terms of management functions, planning is more suitable for activities such as searching for customers, price offers, conclusion of contracts and invoicing; organizing is more required when searching for customers, contacting them and concluding contracts; leading is more suitable for activities such as contact with clients, conclusion of contracts and payment control; control is more required when contacting customers, coordinating cargo transportation, invoicing and controlling payment. A conceptual approach that theoretically reveals the principles and possibilities of the company’s activities in the container shipping line can serve as the basis for future empirical research to identify problems in its personnel activity management.

Fadyla Qurrotul Mahfudloh; Moch. Ichda Asyarin Hayau Lailin; Fatihatul Lailiyah

Federalisme : Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi 2025 Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

The hotel industry is a service sector that relies heavily on the quality of human resources, so internal communication has a central role in maintaining smooth operations and improving staff performance. This study examines the implementation of Human Resource Development (HRD) communication through the General Manager Table Program at XHotel Mojokerto, which is designed as a medium for direct dialogue between management and employees. The program aims to accelerate the distribution of information, accommodate the aspirations of staff, and build more open and effective two-way communication. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The study participants included General Managers, HRD, and hotel staff who participated in the program for a six-month period in 2025. Data analysis was carried out with reference to Mintzberg's organizational communication theory, which emphasizes the managerial role in the functions of monitoring, information dissemination, facilitation, and negotiation. The results of the study show that the General Manager Table Program contributes positively to the effectiveness of internal communication. Through this program, HRD not only plays the role of conveying information, but also as a dialogue facilitator that encourages active employee involvement. The program has been proven to improve communication transparency, speed up conflict resolution, and strengthen a sense of belonging among staff. The impact can be seen in increasing motivation, discipline, and more consistent work performance, while strengthening the harmonious relationship between management and employees in the work environment. The implication of this research is the need for sustainability and the development of similar programs as innovative HRD communication strategies. The application of this model can be a reference in building a positive work culture that supports productivity, service quality, and competitiveness of the hospitality industry amid global dynamics.

Nilawati, Nilawati

VitaMedica : Jurnal Rumpun Kesehatan Umum 2025 STIKES Columbia Asia Medan

Optimal managerial function of the head of the room is an important factor in improving the quality of nursing services. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the managerial function of the head of the room influences the quality of nursing services. The research design used a quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis. The study population included all nurses in the inpatient room, sufficient in the ER, and less in outpatient care, with a simple random sampling technique of 45 respondents. The results showed a significant influence between the implementation of the managerial function of the head of the room on the quality of nursing services (p value = 0.000 <0.005). The implementation of the managerial function and the quality of nursing services at RSU Melati were categorized as good in the inpatient room, sufficient in the ER, and less in outpatient care. In conclusion, the better the implementation of the managerial function of the head of the room, the better the quality of nursing services.

Andrew Andrean Frasta; Suryati Eko Putro; Novie Noordiana R. Y

This study aims to determine the effect of charismatic leadership style and work discipline on employee performance at Surabaya Intercultural School. This study is a descriptive study using a quantitative approach. The sample in this study amounted to 37 people. The instruments used have passed the validity and reliability test stages. Data collection through observation, questionnaires and interviews. While data analysis was carried out using multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing using the t test. The results of the study using a probability level or significance level of 0.05 showed that charismatic leadership style has a significant effect on employee performance as indicated by the calculated t value> t table (2.704> 2.032). Work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance as indicated by the calculated t value> t table (2.852> 2.032). From the results of this study, it can be said that the work discipline variable (X2) is the most dominant variable in influencing employee performance at Surabaya Intercultural School. This is suspected that employees at Surabaya Intercultural School have good work ethics. This is also supported by the success of leaders in providing good examples at work. The success of leaders in carrying out their managerial functions makes employees feel like they are part of the big family of Surabaya Intercultural School.

Febri Sugiyanto; Teresia Ramadani; Sartina Wati; Ivan Fajriyanur

Al-Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 2024 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

This article's goal is to investigate the Qur'anic verses related to the quality management of Islamic education. This study employs a literature research method, which involves reviewing various journals and relevant reference books. The findings of his research indicate that quality education is an essential aspect in Islam. Such quality education functions it is not just for the transmission of knowledge, but also for the advancement of positive character and morals. Quality management in Islamic education is very important, especially in building a generation of noble and quality character. The Qur'an, which is the main guide for Muslims, contains quality management principles such as focus on customer satisfaction, leadership based on the example of the Prophet, Process-based approaches, integrated managerial systems, thoughtful decision-making and mutually beneficial relationships, can all be applied in Islamic education to ensure the quality of continuous and ethical learning. With the implementation of this quality management, Islamic education is expected to create a conducive environment for learning, improve the quality of educational outcomes and produce a generation that is prepared to contribute positively to society. Keywords: , 

Fajar Ainol Yakin; Qoidul Khair

RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2024 Asosiasi Ilmuwan Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the school supervision program and the competence of supervisors in an effort to improve the quality of educators. The school supervision program is designed as a guideline for the implementation of the main tasks and functions of supervisors, which include academic supervision, managerial supervision, educational evaluation, as well as coaching principals and teachers in the assisted schools. Competencies required by supervisors include personality, managerial skills, academic supervision skills, educational evaluation, and research and development skills. This study emphasizes the importance of sustainable and planned supervision by referring to the results of previous supervision and prevailing education policies. The findings show that the implementation of an effective supervision program supported by the competence of qualified supervisors can improve the quality of the learning process and the performance of educators in the assisted schools. Thus, strategic supervision is a key factor in creating a quality education system.

Annisa Fitriah Mudassir

Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi, dan Perpajakan 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This paper discusses in depth the role of accounting in business decision-making in the digital era, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by the accounting profession in the context of rapid and complex technological developments. In the modern business world, accounting information plays a crucial role, not only as a financial reporting tool but also as a foundation for strategic analysis that can influence the direction and policies of an organization. The issues raised pertain to the importance of timely and accurate accounting information in supporting managerial decision-making, as well as how this information can be used to enhance the performance and competitiveness of companies. The main objective of this research is to explore how digitalization and technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and cloud-based information systems, affect accounting practices and their impact on business decision-making. This research also aims to identify the challenges arising from technological changes, including data security issues, the necessary technological skills, and regulatory changes that accountants must face. The methodology employed in this research is a normative approach with descriptive analysis, which includes literature studies and analysis of various relevant secondary data sources. Additionally, this research presents several case studies to demonstrate the application of theory in real practice and its impact on decision-making. The findings indicate that although digitalization brings many benefits in terms of efficiency and accuracy, there are serious challenges to be faced, such as the increased risk of data breaches and the need for higher technological skills among accounting professionals. The conclusion drawn from this research is that to optimally leverage the potential of accounting in supporting business decision-making, companies must invest in training and skill development for their accountants. Furthermore, the importance of implementing sustainable accounting practices is increasingly gaining attention, especially in the context of social and environmental responsibility. Thus, accounting not only functions as a supporting tool but also as a strategic element that adds value to companies in facing the complexities and uncertainties of the future.

Juvent Ade Pratama; Rayyan Firdaus

Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This article discusses the development of accounting information systems to improve efficiency and accuracy, focusing on a case study of the implementation of accounting program changes. Previous studies have shown that effective accounting information systems can significantly improve the quality of accounting and managerial information. The implementation of accounting program changes often involves the integration of information technology to improve the process of financial reporting, internal control, and analysis of company performance. Previous studies have shown that companies that adopt information technology in their accounting systems have a competitive advantage in managing and analyzing financial information more efficiently. Important factors in the development of accounting information systems are the need to ensure data accuracy, reporting speed, and real-time availability of information for internal and external stakeholders. This study also explores the positive impact of the use of accounting information systems on the company's operational efficiency and strategic decision making. Successful implementations show that modern accounting information systems are able to integrate various business functions, such as finance, inventory, and manufacturing, to improve the coordination and effectiveness of the organization as a whole. Thus, the development of accounting information systems not only improves the company's internal processes but also enhances the company's adaptability to rapid and complex changes in the business environment. This study provides a strong theoretical foundation for understanding the importance of information technology integration in the context of accounting program changes to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy goals.

Sholikah, Mariatus; Samsul Arifin

International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

Abstract . This research investigates the influence of entrepreneurial competence and the ability to adapt to the environment on marketing performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the furniture industry sector in Jepara, by considering the mediating role of business strategy. In the midst of globalization and intense competition, entrepreneurial competence, which includes managerial ability, innovation and risk taking, as well as environmental adaptability, which includes flexibility and response to market changes, have become key factors in improving marketing performance. This research uses a quantitative approach with correlational study methods and Partial Least Squares (PLS) statistical techniques to analyze data from 194 respondents who are members of the Jepara Indonesian Furniture and Crafts Industry Association (HIMKI). The research results show that entrepreneurial competence and environmental adaptability have a positive and significant influence on marketing performance. In addition, business strategy functions as a mediator in the relationship between entrepreneurial competence and marketing performance as well as between environmental adaptability and marketing performance. These findings emphasize the importance of developing entrepreneurial competence and adaptability as factors that not only have a direct impact on marketing performance but also through more effective business strategies. This research provides valuable insights for furniture entrepreneurs in Jepara in optimizing their marketing performance in a dynamic and competitive business environment.

Faradila Faradila; Jon Kenedi

JURNAL RISET EKONOMI DAN AKUNTANSI (JREA) 2024 Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis (ITB) Semarang

The implementation of service satisfaction from the Pasaman Regency Ministry of Religion for prospective Hajj pilgrims as well as the use of the Integrated Hajj Computerized System (SISKOHAT) in assigning employees based on their Hajj expertise was the driving force for this research. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach and was conducted in the field. Interviews and observations were used as data collection methods. Employees of the Hajj Organizing Section of the Pasaman Regency Ministry of Religion Office became research informants. The Pasaman Regency Ministry of Religion Office has carried out guidance, training and guidance to improve the quality of service for prospective Hajj pilgrims, in accordance with research findings and analysis of the implementation of management functions and their relationship with improving services for prospective pilgrims. Hajj. This service improvement is carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Religion office as well as the theory and practice of coaching led by the leadership. Managerial tasks in the form of organizing, planning, implementing and controlling are also carried out by this office.

Ida Safrina

Student Research Journal 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

Apart from functioning as a managerial supervisor, the principal also functions as an academic supervisor. As an academic supervisor, the principal has an obligation to help teachers become professionals so that teachers can improve the quality of the learning process. Apart from also acting as an educational consultant who always becomes a companion for teachers in improving the quality of education. This School Action Research (PTS) aims to improve teacher competency and performance results in teaching and learning activities through educational supervision observations at SMP Negeri 3 Muntok, West Bangka Regency, The subjects of School Action Research are teachers who teach at SMP Negeri 3 Muntok, Muntok District, West Bangka Regency, Academic Year 2022/2022. The results showed that supervision at SMP Negeri 3 Muntok increased by 21.67% in cycle I and 14.66% in cycle II. In detail, for teacher 1, the initial condition was an average of 53.33, the first cycle averaged 75.00, an increase of 20.00%, the second cycle averaged 91.25, an increase of 16.25%. Teacher 2 initial condition averaged 55.00, first cycle averaged 80.00, increased 25.00%, second cycle averaged 91.25, increased 10.25%. Teacher 3 initial conditions average 50, cycle I average 70, an increase of 20.00%, cycle II average 87.50, increase 17.25%. The results achieved by the teacher have met the target, namely by comparing the results with a minimum increase of 10%. Based on the research results above, it can be concluded that through Supervision Observation, Teacher Competency and Performance Results in Teaching and Learning Activities at SMP Negeri 3 Muntok can be improved.

Asep Haryana

Jurnal Arjuna : Publikasi Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa dan Matematika 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

The background of this research is that the performance in carrying out managerial functions, a school principal will experience several obstacles caused by various factors both from outside and from within. A school principal is able to carry out the managerial function of the principal, if in carrying out this function it is carried out properly, and can overcome various obstacles that arise properly and wisely. With qualified managerial competency skills, it is hoped that teacher professionalism will also increase teacher professionalism. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe: 1) Implementation of the principal's managerial competencies in improving teacher professionalism; 2) The obstacles faced by school principals in implementing the principal's managerial competencies to improve teacher professionalism; 3) Efforts made by the principal in implementing the managerial competency of the principal to improve teacher professionalism. The research method used in the preparation of this thesis is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The informants in this study included school principals, supervisors, school committees, and teachers. The results of the study show that 1) The managerial competence of the principal in review has been well implemented so that it can improve teacher professionalism. However, there are aspects that need to be improved, namely managing school change and development towards an effective learning organization; 2) There are obstacles encountered in applying the managerial competence of school principals in improving teacher professionalism; 3) There are efforts to overcome obstacles in implementing the principal's managerial competencies to improve teacher professionalism. The first obstacle is the difference in tasks that are very different because.

Herdi Herdi; Mulyawan Safwandy Nugraha

Ta'rim: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini 2023 Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Yayasan Pendidikan Ilmu Qur'an Baubau

An education system without functioning education management or management is unlikely to be able to foster school growth. Management procedures must be implemented systematically and dynamically in the National Education System. The principal as a manager with executive and leadership functions needs to align his internal capabilities in responding to the pressing needs of his environment. Managerial is a process or framework that involves guiding or directing a group of people towards organizational goals or real purposes. For the sake of achieving a successful institution in the realm of education, of course, it is very much determined by the quality of the teacher's performance guided by the Principal. Specifically, this research is intended to explore, analyze and obtain data on planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating the managerial implementation of school principals in improving the quality of teacher performance at Masagi Islamic Middle School, Sukabumi Regency. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The research subject is the principal of the school. The results of the research, namely: (1) Planning has been carried out in accordance with applicable guidelines, (2) Organizing is carried out in a balanced manner by prioritizing performance, competence and rank order, (3) Implementation of managerial competencies by seeking effective learning, (4) Evaluation school principals in improving teacher performance by carrying out monitoring and evaluation of each activity that has been carried out, making reports on program implementation and following up on evaluation results. The obstacles faced in efforts to improve teacher performance professionally include the problem of limited human resources in implementing teacher professional capacity building.

Masrokhan Iskhaq; Hafid Aminudin; Robingun Suyud El Syam; Machfudz Machfudz

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Sejahtera 2022 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

The school principal's performance assessment is a form of evaluating the quality of the implementation of the main tasks and functions of the school principal in carrying out managerial and supervisory functions in the institution he leads. This activity is important to do in order to know the quality of the school principal's performance. The stages passed: forming the Foundation PKKS team, formulating the PKKS format, socializing the PKKS agenda, coaching from supervisors, PKKS visits, and submitting findings. The results showed that the school principal's performance assessment found incomplete documents so that it was recommended that the school make improvements that could help prepare the school for re-accreditation.

Nelfa Fitria Takahepis; Sri Wahyuni

Jurnal Kesehatan Amanah 2020 Universitas Muhammadiyah Manado

Nosocomial infection or also called hospital acquired infections (HAIS) is a hospital-acquired infection that occurs in patients who have been hospitalized for at least 72 hours and the patient shows no symptoms of infection at hospital admission Purpose to analyze the Relationship of Managerial Functions of the Head of Room With the Level of Nurse Compliance in the Control of Nosocomial Infection in Rsu Gmim Pancaran Kasih Manado.Descriptive analytic research method that is cross sectional. The sampling technique in this study used accidental sampling. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire and assisted by Observation. Furthermore, the data collected has been processed using SPSS Version 16.0.Chi-square Test results obtained a significant value of p = 0,000 which indicates that p value is smaller than α 0.05.The conclusion in this study there is a relationship between the Managerial Function of the Head of the Room with the Level of Compliance of Nurses in the Control of Nosocomial Infection in the Inpatient Room at the GMIM General Hospital Pancaran Kasih Manado, indicated by the Chi-square Test Results obtained (p) = 0.000 <0.05. The value of 0,000 is below the Alpha value of 5% (0.05).

., Winarsih

Dinamika Akuntansi Keuangan dan Perbankan 2015 Faculty of Economic and Business Universitas STIKUBANK

This study aims to investigate the effect of strategic performance measurement system on managerial performance that isdirectly tested through four variables; job relevant information, role ambiguty, role conflict and role overload. This studyused the perspective of goal setting theory and role theory in explaining inter-variable relationship. Data collected in thissurvey was primary data from 329 functional managers of state-owned transportation companies under the auspices ofMinistry of State Owned Enterprise. Samples were taken using stratified random sampling. Of 329 questionnaires, 264were used in this research with respon rate of 80,55%. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation models inLISREL 8,5. The result of statistictic test indicated that strategic performance measurement system was, but notsignificantly, associated with managerial performance. Further findings indicated that strategic performance measurementsystem was significantly associated with job relevant information, but no association was found with role ambiguity.However, strategic performance measurement system was significantly assosiated with role conflict and role overload.Furthermore, the result of research test indicated that job relevant information was not associated with role ambiguty; roleconflict and role overload, but significantly associated with managerial performance. Based on the result, it can beconferred that role ambiguity was positively related and had a significant impact on managerial performance. In the otherhand, role conflict and role overload are positvely but not significantly assosiated with managerial performance.The resultof the role test of mediating variables has shown that job relevant information, role ambiguity, role conflict and roleoverload significantly mediated the effect of strategic performance measurement system toward managerial performance.Keywords : Strategic Performance Measurement System, Job Relevant Information, Role Stress Characteristic andManagerial Performance