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This study aims to analyze the role and strategies of introducing mathematical proofs appropriately for students, as well as to describe their contribution to enhancing logical, critical thinking, and understanding of mathematical concepts. The method used is library research with a descriptive qualitative approach through the analysis of various current scientific literature relevant to mathematics learning and education. The results of the study indicate that mathematical proofs not only function as a tool for verifying the truth of a statement but also as an epistemological process that develops deductive, argumentative, and reflective reasoning skills in understanding the structure and relationships of mathematical logic. Effective introduction strategies include the use of visual representations, collaborative learning, linguistic scaffolding, and the application of a gradual approach from informal argumentation to formal deduction. The approach has been proven to enhance students conceptual understanding, argumentative skills, and logical awareness. The implication is that proofs need to be systematically integrated into mathematics learning in secondary schools to strengthen Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and develop a scientific mindset in accordance with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum

Purpose –The objective of this research is to analyze the role of advanced materials as a foundation for technological innovation and as a strategic element in strengthening the national defense system. The study focuses on the interrelationships between policy aspects, industry dynamics, and theoretical frameworks to explain the urgency of adopting advanced materials in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach –This study uses a conceptual approach based on a systematic literature review (SLR) by examining reputable international publications published by Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, IEEE, ACM, ScienceDirect, SAGE, JSTOR and DOAJ as well as national literature indexed by SINTA. The analysis was conducted using a thematic synthesis method that combines regulatory and policy dimensions, empirical data related to budget trends and industrial implementation, and theoretical models including diffusion of innovation, technology acceptance models, and behavioral reasoning theory. Findings –Studies have shown that advanced materials such as lightweight composites, high-entropy materials, smart materials, and functional coatings have a significant role in strengthening military resilience, reducing dependence on imports, and improving the efficiency of defense logistics. However, the adoption of these materials still faces obstacles such as high production costs, limited human resources, and the vulnerability of critical mineral supply chains, which are heavily influenced by global geopolitical dynamics. Practical implications –This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening national research, integrating the defense industry into the DEFEND ID ecosystem, and international collaboration to accelerate technology transfer. Mapping the critical mineral supply chain also needs to be a strategic priority to ensure the sustainability of defense materials development. Originality/value –This article offers a novel contribution through the simultaneous integration of policy perspectives, empirical data, and theoretical frameworks in the context of advanced materials development in Indonesia, an aspect that has rarely been comprehensively explored in previous studies.

This study examines the implementation of Green Disaster Management (GDM) policies by the Surabaya City Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) as a means to enhance disaster resilience through environmental sustainability. The research analyzes the integration of GDM principles across all phases of the disaster cycle pre-disaster, during response, and post-disaster recovery. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, participant observation, and document analysis at BPBD and pilot project sites, including mangrove conservation areas, green emergency posts, and eco-friendly reconstruction sites. The findings indicate that Surabaya has demonstrated significant commitment to embedding sustainability into disaster management through community education, environmentally friendly logistics, and eco-based mitigation measures. Nonetheless, challenges persist, such as limited funding, resistance from developers, logistical constraints, and societal perceptions favoring immediate response over environmental considerations. During disaster response, innovations such as solar-powered emergency equipment and waste segregation practices are being adopted, but their widespread application remains hampered by resource limitations. Post-disaster, efforts in eco-friendly reconstruction and reforestation programs have shown promising results but require enhanced public awareness and long-term maintenance. The success of GDM implementation depends on effective inter-agency coordination, political commitment, and community engagement. Despite progress, hurdles related to budget constraints, social resistance, and knowledge gaps fully hinder the adoption of green approaches. This study highlights the importance of strategic collaboration, policy support, and community participation to mainstream sustainability in disaster management continuously. Strengthening these aspects will not only improve Surabaya's disaster resilience but also contribute to sustainable urban development aligned with global frameworks such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

This study explores the dissemination of Sufi teachings through the TikTok account @Al.Amiin.id, highlighting how visual aesthetics, symbolism, and narrative techniques play a role in conveying spiritual messages to young audiences in the digital era. Using a qualitative approach with a critical case study strategy, this research analyses how elements such as colour, light, music, and spiritual metaphors are combined with reflective emotional narratives to preserve the depth of Sufi teachings. Drawing on Stig Hjarvard’s perspective on the mediatization of Religion, the study examines how social media not only functions as a channel for message dissemination but also reshapes religious practices and experiences. The findings reveal that @Al.Amiin.id successfully utilises the logic of digital media—such as short duration, visual aesthetics, algorithms, and trends—as instruments to present Sufism in the form of personal and easily comprehensible micro-narratives. This strategy demonstrates that Sufi preaching undergoes a process of mediatization, in which spiritual values are not merely transmitted but also reconstructed to align with the consumption patterns and cultural sensibilities of digital generations. The study further emphasises that despite the risks of commodification and simplification, Sufi preaching on social media can still preserve its spiritual depth through adaptive approaches. This research contributes to the study of how religious practices are transformed by digital media, offering a model of Sufi preaching that is communicative, inclusive, and relevant in the era of algorithms.

Learning mathematics not only focuses on mastering concepts and calculation skills, but also requires creating a conducive learning environment so that students can think critically, logically, and creatively. A conducive learning environment plays a crucial role in fostering student motivation and active engagement, making the success of the learning process highly dependent on the strategies implemented by the teacher. This research aims to describe mathematics teachers' strategies in creating a conducive learning environment thru the application of active and contextual learning strategies. The method used is library research, which involves collecting and reviewing various scientific sources such as books, journals, and academic articles relevant to the research topic. The research results indicate that active learning strategies are able to increase student participation, strengthen reasoning abilities, and foster learning motivation. Teachers play an important role as facilitators, motivators, mediators, and evaluators, directly influencing the learning climate in the classroom. Contextual learning strategies like REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transferring) have proven effective in connecting mathematical concepts with students' real-life experiences and creating a fun and meaningful learning environment. In addition, humanistic classroom management, the use of technology, and adapting learning to students' different abilities are supporting factors in achieving a conducive learning environment. The implications of this research indicate that the success of mathematics learning is not solely determined by the methods used, but also by the teacher's ability to build positive relationships with students and create an interactive, adaptive learning environment that optimally fosters students' potential development.

Scientific writing plays an important role in developing knowledge and shaping the intellectual character of students. Through academic writing, students not only learn to organize ideas systematically but are also trained to think critically, analytically, and reflectively. This study employs a literature review method to examine the concepts, processes, and originality of scientific work based on academic theories and established scholarly standards. The findings indicate that writing scientific papers is not merely an academic requirement but also a reflection of logical, objective, and ethical thinking. A high-quality scientific work must demonstrate originality, intellectual honesty, and the proper application of scientific methods—from problem formulation and data collection to analysis and conclusion. In addition, scientific writing should contribute to the development of knowledge and offer solutions to current issues in society. Therefore, higher education institutions need to strengthen students’ scientific literacy, academic writing skills, and understanding of research ethics. These efforts are essential for fostering an academic culture that upholds integrity, encourages innovation, and prepares young scholars to become responsible and competitive individuals.

The formation of women’s morality is a complex process involving the interaction between cognitive and affective dimensions in human psychological development. Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory emphasizes that morality develops through logical stages of reasoning oriented toward universal principles of justice, while Martin L. Hoffman highlights empathy as the affective foundation driving moral behavior. This study aims to integrate these two theories to provide a comprehensive understanding of women’s moral formation through a qualitative-analytical library research approach. The analysis examines the assumptions, strengths, and limitations of each theory to identify the convergence between cognitive morality and affective empathy. The findings reveal that justice and care are complementary aspects of human morality. Empathy serves as the emotional engine motivating moral actions, whereas cognitive reasoning provides direction and justification. Mature women’s morality is not solely based on care or empathy but represents a dynamic synthesis between rational thought and emotional understanding. This integration reflects a more holistic and contextual view of morality grounded in social relationships and human connectedness. Practically, this study recommends a moral education model that integrates rationality and empathy as the foundation for developing women’s character. Such an approach is essential to foster a generation capable of discerning right from wrong through logic while also possessing deep social awareness and emotional responsibility.

The advancement of digital technology has transformed children's media consumption patterns, marked by the growing use of short video content such as TikTok, YouTube Shorts, and Instagram Reels. This study aims to explore the psychological impacts of short video addiction on elementary school-aged children, focusing on cognitive, affective, and social aspects. Using a phenomenological qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving 10 children, 7 parents, and 4 teachers from two elementary schools. The findings indicate that children who intensively access short videos (more than two hours per day) experience reduced concentration, emotional instability, and social withdrawal. These results were analyzed using theoretical frameworks from Piaget (cognitive), Krathwohl (affective), Erikson and Bandura (social), and Young’s digital addiction model. The main conclusion reveals that short video addiction negatively affects children's developmental tasks, including logical thinking abilities, emotional regulation, and social skills. Therefore, digital literacy-based interventions and active supervision by parents and teachers are essential to prevent the long-term detrimental impacts on children's psychological development.

This study analyzes the simultaneous and partial effects of Price (X1), Corporate Image (X2), and Service Quality (X3) on Customer Satisfaction (Y) in cargo shipping services at PT. Serasi Shipping Indonesia, Semarang Branch. The increasingly competitive maritime logistics sector demands a deep understanding of the determinants of business-to-business (B2B) customer satisfaction. Employing an explanatory quantitative design with a saturated population and sample of 100 corporate customers, data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis (SPSS v.22). The t-test results indicate that Price (t=3.813), Corporate Image (t=4.428), and Service Quality (t=2.398) individually have a positive and significant influence on Customer Satisfaction. Simultaneously (F-test, F=37.812), all three variables significantly influence satisfaction, explaining 52.7% of the satisfaction variance. The crucial finding highlights Corporate Image as the most dominant predictor of satisfaction (\beta=0.392). This suggests that in the high-value cargo sector, the company’s reputation and assurance function as primary risk determinants for B2B customers, surpassing the importance of price and purely functional quality. These results offer clear managerial implications for logistics firms in prioritizing the reinforcement of intangible assets to maintain a long-term competitive advantage.

Indonesia's adolescent pregnancy prevalence necessitates comprehensive determinant identification for evidence-based preventive strategy formulation. This research analyzes correlations between reproductive health knowledge, parental role functioning, and peer influence on teenage pregnancy among female adolescents in Ciseeng Health Center, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. Cross-sectional design employed among 65 adolescents aged 15-19 years during October 2024-January 2025 using stratified random sampling. Data collection utilized validated questionnaires based on WHO Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Indicators, Parental Monitoring and Support Scale, and Peer Pressure Inventory with Cronbach Alpha (α=0.84; 0.81; 0.79). Demographic characteristics showed 60% aged 17-19 years, 40% aged 15-16 years, with 55.4% experienced pregnancy validated through medical records. Univariate analysis identified knowledge deficiency (64.6%), parental dysfunction (63.1%), and high peer influence (66.2%). Chi-Square analysis confirmed associations of low knowledge (p=0.001; OR=3.5; 95% CI=1.8-6.7), inadequate parental roles (p=0.002; OR=3.2; 95% CI=1.6-6.1), and dominant peer influence (p=0.001; OR=3.8; 95% CI=1.9-7.2) with adolescent pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression identified peer influence as strongest predictor (AOR=3.80; 95% CI=1.67-8.65).

This study aims to analyze the influence of Service Quality, Price Perception, and Trust on the User's Interest in the ferry service of KMP Gili Iyang on the Paciran-Bawean route operated by PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) Cabang Paciran. This route plays a critical role as an essential logistics and social link for Bawean Island. The quantitative research used a survey method with an Incidental Sampling technique, involving 100 respondents who are users of the service. The collected data were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression with SPSS V25. The partial hypothesis test results (t-test) show that Service Quality (β=0.80; p=0.033), Price Perception (β=0.69; p=0.038), and Trust (β=0.587; p=0.000) individually have a positive and significant impact on the User's Interest. The Trust variable was found to be the most dominant predictor, emphasizing the importance of integrity, competence, and operational consistency in essential and high-risk maritime transportation services. The adjusted R-squared value of 60.% indicates that this model provides a strong explanation for the variation in User's Interest. This study provides important implications for managing ferry services by improving service quality, competitive pricing, and building customer trust to increase user interest.

This study investigates the influence of service quality and product quality on marketing performance, with market penetration and product innovation serving as intervening variables in expedition companies. Guided by the Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) framework, the research underscores the role of value co-creation between companies and customers in driving competitive advantage. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from employees involved in operational and marketing functions and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that service quality and product quality do not significantly affect market penetration. Conversely, market penetration positively influences product innovation, which in turn strongly enhances marketing performance. However, when not managed effectively, market penetration can negatively impact marketing performance. These results highlight the need for companies to adopt integrated and innovative strategies that align with customer value creation to achieve sustainable improvements in marketing performance within the expedition industry.

APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) have become a key component in the development of modern digital products and the transformation of cloud-based services. Its ability to provide structured access to data and enable cross-platform integration makes APIs at the core of the enterprise's digital architecture. However, the high level of API openness poses increasingly complex security challenges, including potential data exploitation, injection attacks, credential misuse, and exploitation of business logic loopholes. This article examines the strategic role of APIs in the digital ecosystem, analyzes the operational risks that arise from API exposure, and evaluates the effectiveness of basic defense mechanisms such as API Gateways and Web Application Firewalls (WAFs). The findings of the study show that while both solutions play an important role in controlling access, filtering, and mitigating attacks at the surface layer, they have not been able to provide comprehensive protection against modern API threats that are dynamic, distributed, and often exploit weaknesses at the application and business logic levels. Therefore, a more holistic, layered, and sustainable API security approach is needed, including anomalous behavior detection, API abuse protection, and real-time monitoring to maintain the integrity and reliability of digital services.  

This study evaluated drug inventory management in a primary hospital pharmacy using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. A descriptive quantitative design was applied with secondary data collected from January to December 2024, covering annual demand, purchase price, ordering cost, and holding cost. The analysis revealed inefficiencies, as several drugs simultaneously faced overstock and stock out risks, indicating weaknesses in procurement planning. EOQ calculations suggested lower and more frequent procurement, reducing storage costs and improving stock control. The findings demonstrated that applying EOQ could minimize financial risks, optimize resource allocation, and ensure continuous access to essential medicines. This research highlights the relevance of structured inventory models in supporting hospital efficiency and sustainable pharmaceutical logistics, particularly in resource-limited primary hospitals.

Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines is a company included in the largest domestic shipping industry in the field of logistics and sea transportation services with a focus on inter-island container transportation in Indonesia using ships. This paper aims to determine how the container utilization strategy in improving logistics efficiency by PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines Medan Branch. The process begins with selecting the right type of container, standardization and consolidation of cargo, integration of digital logistics systems, and optimization of routes and modes of transportation. In compiling this paper, the author applies several methods, including field studies or direct observations in the field, and library studies or literature reviews. The goal is to understand more deeply how PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines Medan branch implements a container utilization strategy to improve efficiency in logistics activities. The obstacles faced in handling this are fleet and vehicle constraints, limited promotion and adjustment of application technology, traffic congestion, and weather and safety factors. In addition, inefficiencies in the distribution process, lack of good cooperation and coordination, and technological limitations are obstacles in optimizing container use. Good coordination can improve the service of goods delivery activities so that they can run smoothly, safely and efficiently.

The construction industry faces major challenges in managing material inventory, particularly among start-up companies that still rely on paper-based manual records. Such practices often lead to data inconsistencies, delays in decision-making, and project inefficiencies. This study aims to analyze the implementation of a cloud-based and real-time inventory management system utilizing spreadsheets at PT X, a start-up contractor located in Karanganyar, Central Java. The research employs a qualitative case study approach, with data collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with finance staff, logistics administration staff, and the project manager, as well as documentation of material inflows and outflows. The findings reveal that the use of cloud-based spreadsheets enhances data transparency, facilitates real-time monitoring between field and office, and accelerates stock opname validation. The system also supports more responsive decision-making regarding material reordering and request postponements. Nevertheless, several obstacles remain, including limited digital literacy among staff, potential input errors, and reliance on internet connectivity. Theoretically, this research contributes to the literature on accounting information systems and inventory management in small-scale construction sectors. Practically, it demonstrates that low-cost cloud solutions can improve operational efficiency and serve as a foundation for developing more integrated systems in the future.

This study explores the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI), agriculture, and decolonial philosophy, emphasizing the role of local knowledge as the foundation for sustainable agricultural technology in Indonesia. The research investigates how AI can be developed not as a tool of technological domination but as a dialogical partner that recognizes the epistemic value of indigenous wisdom. Using a mixed-method approach, the study combines algorithmic experiments applying lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Explainable AI (XAI) methods such as SHAP and LIME with participatory interviews involving farmers in Bima District. Empirical findings show that models integrated with localized visualization and community-based interpretability improved user trust by 84% and reduced computational energy by 28% without compromising accuracy. More importantly, the interaction between AI and farmers revealed a form of epistemic integration where algorithmic logic aligns with traditional indicators, such as soil texture, humidity, and seasonal signs known to local farmers. Philosophically, this research asserts that sustainable AI should emerge from ecological and cultural contexts rather than imposing external frameworks. In the decolonial sense, it positions local farmers not as passive users but as active epistemic agents shaping the meaning of technology. Thus, AI becomes not only a technical instrument but a site of ethical and epistemic liberation that reaffirms human responsibility toward knowledge, culture, and the earth.

Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak dari mandatory disclosure serta praktik Good Corporate Governance (GCG) terhadap kualtias audit pada perusahaan yang tergabung dalam indeks LQ-45 Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2022-2024. Analisis menggunakan metode regresi logistik biner dengan sampel sebanyak 78 perusahaan yang secara konsisten tercatat dan menyajikan laporan keuangan lengkap. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa GCG memberikan pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap kaultias audit, yang tercermin dari meningkatnya kemungkinan perusahaan diaudit oleh Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) tipe Big Four yang dikenal memiliki standar audit berkualitas tinggi. Di sisi lain, pengungkapan wajib tidak menunjukkan dampak signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya penarapan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik sebagai mekanisme untuk emngurangi potensi konflik antara pemegang saham dan manajemen, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan mutu audit. Oleh sebab itu, disarankan agar kerangka GCG diperkuat guna mendukung peningkatan kualitas audit, serta regulasi fokus pada pengembangan tata kelola perusahaan yang efektif dan transaparan

The rapid growth of open-source software (OSS) in machine learning (ML) has intensified the need for reliable, automated methods to assess project quality, particularly as OSS increasingly underpins critical applications in science, industry, and public infrastructure. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a diverse set of machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) algorithms for classifying GitHub OSS ML projects as engineered or non-engineered using a SMOTE-enhanced and explainable modeling pipeline. The dataset used in this research includes both numerical and categorical attributes representing documentation, testing, architecture, community engagement, popularity, and repository activity. After handling missing values, standardizing numerical features, encoding categorical variables, and addressing the inherent class imbalance using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), seven different classifiers—K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and a Deep Neural Network (DNN)—were trained and evaluated. Results show that LR (84%) and DNN (85%) outperform all other models, indicating that both linear and moderately deep non-linear architectures can effectively capture key quality indicators in OSS ML projects. Additional explainability analysis using SHAP reveals consistent feature importance across models, with documentation quality, unit testing practices, architectural clarity, and repository dynamics emerging as the strongest predictors. These findings demonstrate that automated, explainable ML/DL-based quality assessment is both feasible and effective, offering a practical pathway for improving OSS sustainability, guiding contributor decisions, and enhancing trust in ML-based systems that depend on open-source components.

This study examines a critical perspective on the concept of rationality, which has long been regarded as the primary foundation of logical and objective decision-making. Using a qualitative approach through a literature study method, this research explores the integration of psychological, philosophical, and socio-cultural dimensions in understanding the limitations and complexities of human rationality. The findings reveal that rationality is not entirely neutral or free from bias. The psychological perspective highlights the influence of cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and anchoring effect, which often turn rationality into a justification for emotionally driven decisions. From a philosophical standpoint, David Hume’s argument that “reason is the slave of the passions” emphasizes the subordination of reason to emotion, while Horkheimer and Adorno reveal how modern rationality has evolved into an instrument of domination through ideologies of efficiency and control. In the socio-cultural dimension, rationality is shown to be non-universal, shaped by specific cultural and historical contexts, as exemplified by Max Weber’s concept of the “iron cage,” describing how individuals become trapped within bureaucratic systems of rationalization. The study concludes that classical rationality, characterized by its deterministic and calculative nature, is inherently bounded and insufficient to address the uncertainty and complexity of the modern world. Therefore, a new paradigm of rationality is needed—one that is integrative, reflective, and humanistic, combining logic with emotional, ethical, and social dimensions to produce decisions that are not only rational but also just and humane.