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Student delinquency cannot be separated from the impact in science that is constructed on the pattern of subject-object relationships. Through the objectivity of the education system in Indonesia, goals, principles, social organizations, teaching methods, assessments, students, curriculum, facilities and funding, this relational pattern is rooted. Violence against children is no longer limited to the private sector, but extends to wider society. Schools are places where violence occurs in children and this is a concern that is often discussed. Not only teachers can commit violence against students, but fellow students themselves can also commit violence against children. Bullying is the form of violence most often perpetrated by female students, and physical violence, such as fighting and threats, is most often perpetrated by female students. There are four times when children are most likely to experience violence. During recess, after school, when changing classes, and when no one is in class. Most violent incidents occur outside the school environment, not within the school environment. One way to prevent bullying at school is to explain the causes of the problem by considering the function and role of education at home, school and society.

Sexual violence is an incident that cannot be separated from women and children. The rise in incidents of sexual violence against women and children in the city of Kupang is a fluctuating phenomenon. The Kupang City Police PPA Unit noted that, in 2021 there were 42 cases of violence against women and children, in 2022 it decreased to 39 cases, and increased in 202 to 42 cases. This research aims to determine the factors that cause sexual violence against women and children, and determine the obstacles to solving criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Kupang City, as well as efforts to overcome them. This research uses empirical juridical methods, with the type of data used being primary data based on the results of interviews and documentation, as well as secondary data used to complement primary data. The results of this research show that (1) The factors causing sexual violence behavior are sexual desire, lack of sex education, social and environmental factors, and misuse of technology. (2) Obstacles experienced in resolving cases of sexual violence include insufficient evidence, individual factors, and the perpetrator running away. (3) The countermeasures that have been carried out are in the form of preemptive, preventive and repressive measures.

Sexual violence poses a significant danger to the safety and well-being of individuals in higher education settings. Within this framework, educational institutions have an obligation to provide protection, assistance, and appropriate procedures for victims and perpetrators of sexual violence. This article discusses the implementation of Law No. 12 of 2022 on the Protection of Women in the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in higher education using the literature study method. The main objective of this article is to examine the methodology used by higher education institutions in implementing the law to prevent and handle cases of sexual violence. By reviewing various literature sources such as academic literature, research reports, and government policies, this article provides an overview of the steps taken by higher education institutions to comply with the law. The conclusions of this literature review are expected to provide valuable perspectives for stakeholders, including universities, government agencies, and advocacy groups, to strengthen women's protection and promote a safe and inclusive academic environment.

This research aims to discuss factors inhibiting law enforcement against dating violence. This research uses empirical legal methods, namely based on phenomena and realities in society, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively and conclusions are given. The results of the research show that the factors inhibiting law enforcement of violence against women in relationships in the jurisdiction of the Gorontalo City Police Department are legal and enforcement factors where there are no articles or statutory regulations that specifically regulate violence in dating relationships; Police Resource Factors; Factors within the victim and family; and Lack of community participation and culture. Therefore, it is important to make extra efforts in the law enforcement process by the authorities against violence in dating relationships, and prioritize justice and safety for victims. This can be done by strengthening the legal substance, especially the sanctions imposed on perpetrators, including the commitment and consistency of the authorities in completing the process in question. Furthermore, the community, including parents and families, are expected to be more active and caring in providing protection movements for victims of violence in dating relationships. Apart from that, the importance of socializing the impact and legal sanctions that will be given to perpetrators who commit dating violence, especially for teenagers who are vulnerable to becoming perpetrators or victims.

This study is to determine the hardness and wear of two original and local brake pads on motorcycle brakes by conducting rockwell hardness and wear tests. This test was conducted at the B4T Bandung Automotive Laboratory with results at a load of 60 Kgf, a steel ball indenter with a diameter of 1/12 inch. The results show that the average value of the local brake pad hardness level is 66.7 HR and the average value of the original brake pad is 84.93 HR proving that the highest level of hardness is found in the original brake pad. Wear testing that the original brake canvas sample initial weight 75 gr with 3 variable testing time namely test 1 around 4 minutes obtained 71 gr with eroded weight 4 gr, test 2 around 8 minutes obtained 69 gr with eroded weight 6 gr, test 3 around 12 minutes with weight 67 gr, test 3 around 12 minutes obtained 67 gr with eroded weight 8 gr local brake canvas initial weight 74 gr with 3 variable testing time namely test 1 around 4 minutes obtained 69 gr with eroded weight 5 gr, test 2 around 8 minutes obtained 60 gr eroded with eroded weight 14 gr, test 3 got 56 gr with eroded weight 18 gr, from both samples the results of wear testing that the original and local brake canvas found that the original canvas wear is harder than the local type of canvas.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efforts and obstacles in providing legal protection to children who are victims of sexual violence in West Manggarai. This research is an empirical juridical research in which this research was conducted at the Social Service of Women Empowerment and Protection of West Manggarai Regency, West Manggarai Resort Police, and West Manggarai Women and Children's Home. Data collection techniques used interviews and document/literature studies. The data used were primary data and secondary data. The results of the data processing were analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results of this study indicate that legal protection efforts against child victims of sexual violence in West Manggarai are providing legal assistance to children who are victims of violence, providing spiritual guidance to victims of sexual violence, providing health assistance to victims to check their health, providing safe houses or shelters, applying criminal sanctions for perpetrators. Obstacles in providing legal protection to child victims of sexual violence in West Manggarai are community factors, cultural factors, infrastructure factors, law enforcement factors.

This research discusses the phenomenon of sexual violence against children in Indonesia with a focus on a case involving an elementary school student in Serang, Banten. Through a framing analysis approach, this research explores how the media, especially Detik.com and Radar Banten, frame news about the case. The research results show that psychological, social and environmental factors influence perpetrators of sexual violence in targeting minors or their own children. The framing of reports by the media also plays an important role in shaping public perceptions about the case, by highlighting aspects such as the perpetrator's psychological condition, the role of parents, and the urgency in handling sexual violence cases. The implications of this research are the importance of a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the relationship between perpetrators and victims of sexual violence, as well as the need for preventive measures and stronger law enforcement to protect children from sexual violence.      

Mental health problems that are still of concern to mental health practitioners in Indonesia are serious mental disorders, one of the serious mental disorders that we often encounter and treat is schizophrenia (Mashudi, 2021). According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) there are 300 million people worldwide experiencing mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, dementia, including 24 million people who experience schizophrenia. And one of the most common things found in schizophrenia is the risk of violent behavior. Violent behavior is a response to anger that is expressed by making threats, injuring other people and destroying the environment. To reduce the symptoms of violent behavior, appropriate treatment is needed. One of them is carrying out an implementation strategy. People with mental disorders in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, especially in the Kopeta Community Health Center working area, also need nursing actions such as implementation strategies to speed up the healing process and clients can become independent. For this reason, research was carried out by implementing an implementation strategy as the main intervention, because so far only treatment and home visits were carried out but not routinely.

This article discusses the importance of witness testimony in the criminal justice process in Indonesia, particularly in cases of violent theft. This research focuses on the decision of the Sumbawa Besar District Court Number: 142/Pid.B/2023/PN.Sbw. The method used is normative legal research, which analyzes primary and secondary legal documents to understand how testimony is used in court despite the absence of the victim. This study finds that witness testimony is crucial in proving criminal acts. However, in this case, most of the testimony provided was testimonium de auditu, based on hearing from others rather than direct experience. This raises issues concerning the validity of such testimony as legitimate evidence. The conclusion of this research indicates that although witness testimony is important, caution must be exercised in assessing its validity, especially when the testimony does not originate from the direct experience of the witness. This is important to ensure a fair trial process in accordance with applicable legal principles.

Unemployment is a group of people who enter the workplace but do not find work or are actively looking for work. Poverty is the state of an individual or group of individuals lacking the ability to meet basic needs to maintain and improve a stable way of life. Violence is the behavior of a person or group of people that causes other people loss, or causes other people physical pain or damage to something. This research aims to understand the impact of unemployment and poverty on violence in Indonesia. The study's findings show that poverty and poverty have a negative impact on violence in Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative research with a population in Indonesia. The method used in the analysis is the Normality Test and Multiple Linear Regression Test. From reports measured at the Central Statistics Agency for 2015-2021, the data used is secondary data. From the research produced or the results of data taken from the Central Statistics Agency, it is clear that there is a lot of unemployment, poverty and violence in Indonesia

This research aims to determine and analyze empirical juridical analysis of divorce due to domestic violence in the Gorontalo Religious Court and the factors causing divorce due to domestic violence in the Gorontalo Religious Court. This research discusses problems regarding divorce due to domestic violence in the Gorontalo Religious Court. This type of research is empirical juridical research or what is called field research. The results of this research explain that the empirical juridical analysis of divorce in the Gorontalo Religious Courts is caused by domestic violence, especially violence against wives, caused by various problems that are interrelated and influence each other, causing continuous disputes and quarrels. These problems include: economic conditions, lack of understanding of religion, infidelity, jealousy, drunkenness and gambling, husbands are easily emotional and are caused by the presence of one of the parents on both sides taking part in the household which can lead to a household crisis. In this case, the wife becomes vulnerable to violence because of her unequal position in society and the institution of marriage, both emotionally, socially and emotionally. This research shows that domestic violence is a significant factor in triggering divorce cases filed in the Religious Courts. And the factors that cause divorce due to domestic violence in the Gorontalo Religious Court are the dominant factors that cause divorce due to domestic violence, namely: that there is a lack of religious understanding, behavioral factors, social factors, drunkards and gamblers, disputes or quarrels and other factors. domestic violence.

This study aims to provide important understanding about sexual education among students, as well as with the help of the application of character education that will shape student awareness about sexual violence. This case of sexual harassment among students is indeed a very important event and needs firm handling and prevention. This study also provides a reference for students who have experienced sexual violence so that they are not afraid to report to the authorities. Indonesian President Joko Widodo passed Law Number 12 of 2022 on May 9, 2022 which discusses the Criminal Act of Sexual Violence. In particular, the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology has issued Regulation Number 30 of 2021 concerning the Prevention of Violence in Higher Education Environment (PPKS), with its implementation scheduled for August 31, 2021. This also shows that the government is not ignoring the problem of sexual violence. This study used a qualitative approach method that applied documentary research, observation and interviews were used.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan penanggulangan kekerasan seksual yang melindungi korban melalui putusan pengadilan, media sosial, dan kebijakan tanpa pemidanaan. Adanya putusan pengadilan dengan terdakwa Herry Wirawan dan Moch Subchi Azal Tsani pada tindak pidana kekerasan seksual menunjukkan putusan yang dapat dipersoalkan dari sudut perlindungan korban. Realitas ini berada pada kondisi masyarakat yang mengalami erosi moralitas, korban yang seharusnya memperoleh perlindungan dari putusan pengadilan justru sebaliknya. Kondisi ini menjadi materi pemberitaan media massa, apalagi terkait dengan korban kekersan seksual yang menderita fisik, mental, dan sosial. Adanya realita peradilan pidana seperti ini menarik ditengah keterbatasan hukum pidana melindungi korban, dan pada sisi yang lain ada sarana sanksi lain yang dapat digunakan untuk melindungi korban ke dalam kerangka pidana tambahan. Penelitian bersifat yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian hukum inkonkreto. Analisisnya berupa analisis deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan penanggulangan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual melalui putusan pengadilan tidak menunjukkan konsistensi pada perlindungan korban kekerasan. Pidana yang dijatuhkan mendekati tuntutan jaksa. Begitu pula pengenaan sanksi restitusi dengan nilai nominal yang tidak sama. Masih adanya putusan yang tidak mencakup restitusi menunjukkan lemahnya perlindungan bagi pemulihan korban, meskipun secara normatif pengenaan restitusi telah diatur. Pemberitaan media massa telah bermanfaat mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat tentang kekerasan seksual dan dampaknya bagi korban termasuk pengenaan sanksi pidana yang berat, pemulihan korban dan ancaman pencabutan ijin operasional. Merekonstruksi perlindungan korban kekerasan seksual melalui penguatan media massa termasuk media sosial, penerapan sanksi pidana yang membuat jera, pemulihan korban melalui restitusi dan kompensasi kebijakan sosial yang mewujudkan kesejahteraan korban dengan memulihkan hak-hak korban, penguatan kesehatan mental masyarakat melalui perilaku yang menjunjung tinggi moralitas, menguatkan evaluasi yang berbasis laporan masyarakat dan penerapan sanksi perdata dan adminstrasi sebagai pidana tambahan. Kata Kunci : Penanggulangan, Media, Kebijakan, kesehatan Mental, Restitusi  

Acts of sexual violence against women and children are a threat that continues to occur anywhere in the world. Boalemo Regency is one of the districts that has experienced a fairly high increase in the number of cases of sexual violence against children. Based on information obtained by the author at the Boalemo Police, the number of cases Sexual violence in the last 3 years has increased by 55 cases. In 2020 there were 15 cases, in 2021 it increased to 18 cases and in 2022 cases of sexual violence increased to 22 cases and cases of sexual crimes against women, in 2019 there were 2 cases, in 2020 only 1 case, and in 2021 only 2 cases. This research aims to determine the factors that cause sexual violence against women and children and to determine the police's efforts to tackle acts of sexual violence against women and children. This research aims to find out what factors cause criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency and what police efforts are in dealing with criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency. The research method used is empirical legal research. The data obtained in this research is analyzed qualitatively, namely by collecting data and drawing conclusions to determine the results. The research results show that there are several factors that cause sexual violence against female children in Boalemo Regency, namely: alcohol, low education, unmet biological needs, the role of the victim, lack of religious education and pornography. And the police's efforts to tackle criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency are: conducting outreach and providing information about sexual violence through social media.

Sexual violence is a serious problem that causes physical and psychological harm to the victims. In efforts to prevent and address sexual violence, cooperation from all elements of society is very much needed, including through community-based service provider organizations as a form of community participation. This is regulated in Indonesian Law on Sexual Violence, Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS) Article 85 regarding Community Participation, both in prevention and victim recovery. The Solidarity Foundation for Women's Humanity and Human Rights (SPEK-HAM) in Kota Surakarta is one of the community-based service provider organizations that play an important role in providing various prevention and victim recovery programs in accordance with the mandate of Indonesian Law on Sexual Violence (UU TPKS). However, in its implementation, SPEK-HAM faces various internal and external obstacles in fulfilling its role as a community-based service provider organization. This study uses the empirical legal research method to analyze SPEK-HAM's participation in implementing the mandate of the Indonesian Law on Sexual Violence in efforts to prevent and recover victims of sexual violence, as well as the challenges it faces. The findings of this research indicate that SPEK-HAM carries out several prevention and victim recovery programs by conducting awareness-raising activities and collaborating with relevant stakeholders. The obstacles encountered in these efforts include internal obstacles from within the organizers of sexual violence prevention and handling, as well as external obstacles which come from the outside.

Domestic violence is known to increase significantly from year to year. There are 4 forms of domestic violence, namely physical, psychological, sexual and economic violence. Of the several forms of domestic violence, there is physical and economic violence that often occurs in Indonesian households. This happens because of several juridical factors that influence the emergence of domestic violence, but there are 2 juridical factors that greatly influence the existence of domestic violence, namely cultural factors and economic factors. The aim of this research is to gain knowledge about the factors that cause domestic violence and how to resolve domestic violence using the concept of restorative justice. Apart from that, the main aim is to ensure that domestic violence cases in Indonesia do not increase. The research method used in this article is a library study approach because it collects data from books, journals, the internet, or other written literature as a basis for writing research.

Dating violence is an act of violence against a partner who is not yet married, including physical, psychological and sexual violence.  The facts behind the occurrence of cases of violence during the dating period occur due to various causal factors, one of the factors that can cause these acts of violence can be caused by the victims themselves. The impact of violence in courtship is of course that there are parties who suffer both physically and psychologically and are entitled to their rights in the fulfillment and protection of their lives, as well as from psychosocial aspects that greatly affect the psychology and life of individuals and are very influential and reciprocal in the lives of victims, with the fulfillment of victims' rights such as medical treatment, counseling, therapy and rehabilitation, victims can be restored to normal. This study aims to determine the role of victim factors in the occurrence of violence in the dating period, as well as the form of legal protection for victims of dating violence. This research uses empirical legal research methods sourced from data obtained directly in the form of statements and opinions from respondents, namely the perpetrator, the victim, the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, and the PPA Polresta Kupang Kota. The results showed that the occurrence of violence during the dating period was also caused by the role of the victim, namely the provocation of the victim and the dependence of the victim on the perpetrator, then the results also showed that there was a form of legal protection for victims in the form of providing legal assistance, providing health assistance, spiritual assistance and rehabilitation.

Sexual violence is an act that humiliates, insults, harasses, attacks a person's body or reproductive function, due to unequal power or position relations. There are various types of violence such as physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, trafficking, etc. The impact of violence includes physical, emotional and psychological trauma for the victim. Preventing sexual violence is a shared responsibility and requires cooperation from various parties, including government, educational institutions, communities and individuals. Cases of sexual violence among students are a major problem, especially when it occurs in the school, family and other environments. It is not uncommon for cases of sexual violence to occur that cause trauma for the victim. The problem that occurred at SMA PLUS AR-RAUDHAH was related to the lack of knowledge of students regarding the prevention of sexual violence, in addition to the lack of assistance and knowledge taught by educators to students regarding the prevention of sexual violence with 121 participants. The aim of carrying out this service activity is to form students' understanding, especially SMA PLUS AR-RAUDHAH students, regarding sexual violence, its impact and prevention, so that it is hoped that students can avoid sexual violence. This service method is carried out through several stages, namely the preparation stage and the implementation stage and this activity uses the lecture method. The results obtained from this service are that students' understanding of the types, impact of sexual violence and prevention of sexual violence personally increases.

Violence against domestic helpers is one form of crime that often occurs. This is certainly influenced by various factors and relates to the extent to which countermeasures for the crime are carried out. The purpose of the study is to find out what are the factors and efforts to overcome violence against domestic assistants. This study uses empirical juridical and normative juridical approaches. The results of this study show that the factors causing violent crimes against domestic helpers are environmental factors (differential association), economic factors (anomie theory), and religious factors (control theory) which can be overcome through penal and non-penal efforts.  

Dating is a relationship between two individuals of different sexes sex. Dating doesn't always go well, individuals can't resolving conflicts will use violence as a way out. This research aims to find out the causes and processes why women commit dating violence. This research aims to find out and research the causal factors the occurrence of violence in dating and self-defense of victims of domestic violence in a relationship. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection carried out by direct interviews with open-ended questions. The research participants numbered eight informants, namely three victims, three perpetrators and two additional informants. Based on the research results, factors were found The occurrence of violence in dating is caused by personal character blaming others, making a big deal out of small things, lack of emotional regulation, as well as selfishness, and excessive thinking. Violent behavior that has been carried out by informants, namely physical violence in the form of kicking, slapping, as well as hitting and in the form of psychological violence in the form of calls bad, forcing, threatening, humiliating, cursing and shouting.