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The use of formula milk for infants is still common in the early stages of life and has the potential to hinder successful breastfeeding, even though the benefits of breast milk have been widely proven. Education and lactation counseling are considered important strategies to support breastfeeding practices and reduce the unnecessary use of formula milk. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of lactation counseling in reducing the intensity of formula milk use is still limited, especially in the context of primary health care in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of lactation counseling in reducing the intensity of formula feeding in infants. This study uses a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design. The sample consisted of 20 mothers who had infants and met the inclusion criteria in the Popayato Community Health Center working area, selected using total sampling technique. The intervention took the form of structured lactation counseling provided by health workers. The intensity of formula feeding was measured before and after the intervention using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed descriptively and bivariately using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a decrease in the intensity of formula feeding after lactation counseling. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between the intensity of formula feeding before and after education (p = 0.000). Lactation counseling was proven to be effective in reducing the intensity of formula feeding in infants. This educational intervention has the potential to be an important promotional strategy in maternal and child health services to support more optimal breastfeeding practices..

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are experiencing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The decline in consumer purchasing power is a challenge for SMEs in carrying out their business production. One of the opportunities for MSME actors to survive in the current pandemic is by maximizing online sales. But not a few MSME actors who still do not understand to use online sales. Therefore, it is necessary to empower the community of MSME actors in trying online markets or other options by empowering MSME actors in branding superior products. By using and managing the right digital media, it is hoped that business actors can increase public interest in products. Digital media that can be used include Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, Youtube, GrabFood/Go-Food or other platforms. Business actors can also carry out brand awareness offline, that is, they can develop innovations that do not yet exist, such as promotions by distributing brochures, creating attractive menu lists or creating price tags. The approach method used in community service this time is in the form of mentoring business actors regarding the development of MSME business innovations where members go directly to the field. This MSME assistance activity was carried out. The process of SME Mentoring activities is in the form of interviews with business owners to find out the current situation of their business conditions, members help make snack box orders, make banners/banners and price tags as an effort to carry out brand awareness, and members also provide medical equipment in the form of masks, hand sanitizer, and plastic gloves to business managers as a form of attention to always maintain health protocols when interacting with customers.

Employee performance represents the ability to fulfill tasks and responsibilities according to organizational standards. At UPTD Puskesmas Kosambi, the evaluation of Non-Civil Servant (Non-ASN) healthcare workers is still done manually and tends to be subjective, primarily based on attendance. This study aims to address the issue by developing a decision support system using the MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis) method. A descriptive-applied approach and the waterfall development model were employed. Five evaluation criteria were used: attendance (25%), service quality (35%), report timeliness (20%), patient complaints (10%), and lateness (10%). Data from 20 Non-ASN healthcare workers in April 2025 were analyzed, with Anis Julianti achieving the highest MOORA score of 0.3839. The system underwent validation through black-box testing and user acceptance testing (UAT), both confirming its accuracy and usability. The findings were compared with previous studies. Harningsih et al. (2024) used the MOORA method for promotion evaluations at the North Sumatra Provincial Inspectorate Office and recorded a top score of 0.3616. Dewi Yohana br Ginting et al. (2024) applied the method at a beauty clinic and found a top score of 0.3747. These comparisons indicate that the MOORA results in this study fall within a consistent and valid range. The developed decision support system is expected to enhance the objectivity, transparency, and accountability of performance evaluations for Non-ASN employees in primary healthcare services, offering a more comprehensive alternative to manual assessment methods.

Hospitals as a health service industry are required to provide quality services through marketing strategies so that the quality of health services in hospitals becomes higher. One strategy that can be used by hospitals is to implement the Marketing Mix. From the results of initial interviews, it was found that most patients were elderly patients at RSI Ibnu Sina Bukittinggi who had difficulty getting information through social media, resulting in a backlog of registrations and decreased patient satisfaction. This study aims to determine the relationship between the marketing mix and outpatient satisfaction at RSI Ibnu Sina Bukittinggi. This study uses a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The sample used was 100 respondents taken from the outpatient population. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square statistical test at α = 0.05 to see the significance of the relationship between the marketing mix and patient satisfaction. The results of the study found that there was a relationship between the product marketing mix and patient satisfaction and there was no relationship between the marketing mix of price, promotion, people, process, physical evidence and outpatient satisfaction. Based on the results of the study, it is expected that the marketing mix in the Outpatient Unit of RSI Ibnu Sina Bukittinggi will maintain and improve its marketing services.

Menstrual hygiene is an important component of personal hygiene that plays a significant role in an individual's health behavior, helping to prevent disorders in reproductive organ function. This study aims to determine the effect of health promotion on the level of menstrual hygiene knowledge among children aged 13–15 years. The study design used a pre-experimental approach with a one-group pre-posttest design. The population consisted of 110 respondents, and using simple random sampling, 83 respondents were selected. Data for this study were collected using a knowledge level questionnaire. After tabulation, the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with p < 0.05. The results showed that nearly all female students (108, or 98.2%) had insufficient knowledge of menstrual hygiene before receiving health promotion. Almost all female students after receiving health promotion had adequate knowledge of menstrual hygiene, totaling 88 (80.0%). Based on the above results, the effect of health promotion on the level of knowledge of menstrual hygiene among children aged 13-15 years was found to be p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). This indicates that health promotion has an effect on the level of knowledge about menstrual hygiene among girls aged 13–15 years. Therefore, it is hoped that female students will always maintain their genital hygiene by practicing proper personal hygiene in accordance with the guidelines provided by healthcare professionals, especially during menstruation.

This study is motivated by the importance of fulfilling the basic rights of honorary teachers as part of efforts to improve the quality of national education. Honorary teachers in private schools, particularly at SD Kasatriyan Surakarta, often face challenges related to welfare and legal protection that are not yet optimal. The study aims to analyze the conformity of the fulfillment of basic rights of honorary teachers at SD Kasatriyan Surakarta with the provisions of Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers. The research employs normative juridical and empirical juridical methods, with secondary data obtained from literature review and primary data collected through interviews and direct observations at the research site. The findings indicate that most honorary teachers receive salaries far below the Surakarta City Minimum Wage and lack social welfare guarantees, such as health insurance or accident protection. Furthermore, access to training, competency development, as well as recognition and promotion, remains very limited. These findings highlight a gap between legal norms and field practices, necessitating more serious policy interventions from the government and foundations to ensure the rights of honorary teachers are fully met and to enhance the overall quality of education.

Online gambling has become an increasingly worrying issue in Indonesia because of its very dangerous influence on society. This research aims to analyze the social, economic and psychological impacts of online gambling in Indonesia through qualitative methods with a case study approach. Data was obtained from various sources, including previous research, reports from related institutions, as well as information found online. The research results show that online gambling addiction has a very significant negative impact and various factors that cause the increase in online gambling addiction include easy access, aggressive promotion of various types of online gambling on the market. Articles related to online gambling are regulated in Law article ITE 27 section 2, but law enforcement still faces many obstacles. Handling by the police and government needs to be improved through collaboration with related institutions and strict law enforcement. The implications of these findings indicate the need for stricter policy interventions as well as education and rehabilitation programs to reduce the negative impact of online gambling on Indonesian society. Effective methods to help individuals quit online gambling addiction include psychological counseling, social support, and developing stress and emotion management skills.

Anemia remains one of the leading public health issues among adolescent girls in Indonesia, including in Pidie District. Insufficient iron intake and low awareness and knowledge of anemia are major contributors to its high prevalence. Health education is recognized as an effective strategy to improve adolescents’ understanding of anemia.Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of health education on increasing knowledge about anemia among adolescent girls at MTsN VI Pidie, Pidie District.Methods: A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest) was employed. A total of 30 first-grade female students from MTsN VI Pidie were selected through purposive sampling. The intervention involved the delivery of health education on anemia via an educational video. Knowledge levels were measured before and after the intervention using pretest and posttest questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test.Results: The analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in the participants’ knowledge following the intervention. The average posttest scores were notably higher than the pretest scores, indicating a positive effect of the health education intervention (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Digital media-based health education is effective in enhancing knowledge about anemia among adolescent girls. This approach is recommended for broader implementation in adolescent health promotion programs, particularly in the prevention of anemia

Complete basic immunization, including DPT-HB 1,2,3, plays a vital role in reducing infant morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. However, immunization coverage remains suboptimal, partly influenced by maternal knowledge and attitudes. This study aims to determine the relationship between mothers’ knowledge and attitudes and the provision of DPT-HB 1,2,3 immunization at Mersip Public Health Center in 2023. This quantitative research used a descriptive analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 134 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed a significant relationship between mothers' knowledge (p = 0.000) and attitudes (p = 0.008) with the administration of DPT-HB 1,2,3 immunization. The study concludes that better maternal knowledge and positive attitudes are associated with a higher likelihood of complete DPT-HB 1,2,3 immunization for their babies. These findings highlight the need for enhanced health promotion by healthcare providers targeting mothers in the Mersip area.

Occupational diseases continue to pose significant challenges to worker health and productivity worldwide. This integrative literature review analyzes ten selected journal articles from 2019 to 2025 that discuss the role of early detection and workplace health interventions in preventing occupational diseases. Findings reveal that medical surveillance, routine check-ups, and AI-based stress detection technologies are effective tools for identifying health risks at an early stage. Workplace interventions such as ergonomic programs, chemical exposure controls, and community-based health promotion show measurable improvements in worker health and compliance with safety protocols. The Total Worker Health® framework by NIOSH emerges as a comprehensive strategy to integrate health protection and promotion in the workplace. However, implementation gaps remain, particularly in the informal sector, due to limited infrastructure and low awareness. This study concludes that combining early detection with structured health interventions, supported by strong policy and stakeholder involvement, is key to reducing occupational disease burdens.

This research uses a quantitative method and focuses on a cattle breeder named Nur Amin, aged 53, who has been raising sacrificial cattle since 2022 in Medan Krio Village, Sunggal Subdistrict. The purpose of this study is to analyze the breeder’s profile and the strategies implemented in developing the sacrificial cattle business. The farm consists of 12 cows—10 males and 2 females—mainly of Simmental and Brahman breeds. The study found that feed fermentation and regular vitamin administration play significant roles in improving cattle growth and health. In addition, regular stable hygiene and the application of artificial insemination are key factors in livestock management. Although no major obstacles have been encountered, limited promotion and market access remain challenges for business expansion. The research also emphasizes the importance of treating cattle farming as a primary business, not just a side activity. The inclusion of Islamic principles and religious texts reinforces that this business aligns with Islamic values, especially in providing halal and high-quality sacrificial animals for religious rites.

Social media has proven to be an effective tool for health promotion, particularly in rapidly and widely disseminating information and encouraging behavioral changes. This study is a literature review aiming to evaluate the role of social media in digital-based health promotion interventions over the past five years (2019–2024). Articles were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Garuda databases, focusing on interventions conducted in Indonesia or those with global relevance. The review of nine articles revealed that platforms like Instagram, WhatsApp, and Facebook are effective in improving health knowledge and behaviors, especially among adolescents and mothers. Strategies involving visual and interactive content, along with collaborations with digital influencers, significantly increased audience engagement. However, key challenges identified include low digital literacy, the spread of invalid information, and a lack of standardized evaluation for intervention effectiveness. This study recommends enhancing healthcare professionals' capacity in utilizing social media and strengthening public digital literacy to support sustainable health promotion efforts.

The impact of vaginal discharge is very fatal if it is slow to be treated, not only can it lead to infertility and pregnancy outside the womb due to blockage of the fallopian tubes, vaginal discharge can also be an early symptom of uterine cancer which can lead to death. The purpose of the study was to produce a model and determine the most influential factors on health literacy in preventing vaginal discharge in adolescents. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional research design. The population of this study were all adolescents in Puspasari Village, Bogor Regency. The research sample amounted to 90 people. Determination of sample size using purposive sampling. Research data collection using a questionnaire. The results showed that there was an influence of health promotion by 21.42%, the role of midwives by 22.66%, family function by 16.88%, social environment by 11.04% and self efficacy by 9.65% on health literacy in preventing vaginal discharge in adolescents. Based on the R-Square value, the direct effect of health promotion, the role of midwives, family function, social environment and self efficacy on health literacy in preventing vaginal discharge in adolescents is 81.65% while 18.35% is explained by other variables not studied. It is hoped that the role of health workers in providing counseling related to the prevention of vaginal discharge, such as making breakthroughs for the renewal of vaginal discharge prevention.

Handwashing with soap (HWWS) is one of the simplest, most effective, and cost-efficient behaviors for preventing infectious diseases. However, its practice remains suboptimal at the household level in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze HWWS behavior using community questionnaire data as a basis for developing health promotion strategies through the Problem Solving Cycle (PSC) approach. This descriptive quantitative study was conducted among 50 respondents using a closed-ended questionnaire covering the knowledge, attitude, and practice dimensions of HWWS. The results showed that although respondents had high awareness and positive attitudes toward HWWS, their practices remained inconsistent due to habitual and infrastructural barriers. These findings highlight the need for integrated interventions combining direct education, social media campaigns, and improved access to handwashing facilities. This study contributes to evidence-based, participatory, and contextually adapted health promotion strategies aimed at achieving sustainable behavioral change.

This research aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) and find out the marketing strategies that can be carried out by Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital Simpang Empat. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews with hospital management and staff, and documentation studies. The results of the SWOT analysis showed that Ibn Sina Simpang Empat Islamic Hospital has a strategic location, and has been accredited with 5-star plenary twice. Weaknesses found include not having a complete permanent doctor, not being able to refuse policies from the Regional Government, limited hospital land making it difficult to develop, difficult to make strategic policies related to human resources and finance. medical services that are not updated and others. Opportunities that can be utilized include the many opportunities for cooperation with other companies, the only private general hospital in West Pasaman, a strategic location in the government area, the population of the West Pasaman community of around 441,773, a fairly good community economy, the UHC (Universal Health Coverage) system from the government, and Yarsi branding. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, this study recommends several strategies to improve the competitiveness of the Ibn Sina Simpang Empat Islamic Hospital, namely with aggressive strategies such as improving financial management, strengthening promotion and marketing, developing the competitiveness of the hospital.

Mental health issues among adolescents have become an increasingly critical concern, particularly regarding the low level of mental health literacy among the younger generation. This study aims to analyze the role of Instagram as a health promotion medium in improving mental health literacy among adolescents aged 15–18 years. A descriptive quantitative method was employed using the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLQ), which was distributed online to 70 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between the frequency of interaction with mental health promotion content on Instagram and adolescents' mental health literacy levels (ρ = 0.449; p < 0.05). Most respondents demonstrated moderate to high levels of mental health literacy, suggesting that Instagram has the potential to be an effective tool for enhancing adolescents' understanding and awareness of mental health issues. This study provides evidence that social media can serve as a non-formal intervention tool to support efforts in increasing mental health literacy among Indonesian adolescents.

Introduction: Sport has a significant influence on human life and provides various benefits. First, these activities allow individuals to make productive use of their free time, while also developing skills. However, during matches or training, players are at risk of injury. These injuries can occur due to lack of warm-up, technical errors, physical impacts, excessive training, or inadequate facilities and infrastructure conditions. Purpouse: The purpose of this educational activity is to provide a good overview of training to avoid injuries and correct initial handling in the event of an injury. Method: The method provided in community physiotherapy activities is to provide counseling on the definition, causes, risk factors of injury, types of injuries, first treatment of injuries, and muscle strengthening for badminton players/athletes using posters as promotional media. Result: The counseling process went smoothly, Ciptomulyo Health Center employees further understood sports injuries and the proper first treatment of sports injuries, with the aim of getting employee understanding from 0% to 100% after counseling was carried out. So that there is a decrease in the risk of sports injuries experienced by employees after knowing how to prevent injuries. Counseling activities that have been carried out at the Ciptomulyo Health Center, Malang can increase employees' knowledge and insight about sports injuries and the proper first treatment of sports injuries.

This study aims to analyze the availability of data centers and regional promotion needs in supporting e-government implementation through the Family Information System Application (SIGA) at BKKBN Gorontalo Province. It also assesses how SIGA and its integrated dialog features contribute to public services. The findings indicate that data input in SIGA has reached 100%, covering family planning services, field supervision, and families at risk of stunting, both in monthly and annual reports. However, this completeness does not fully reflect field realities, particularly regarding youth groups outside formal education who remain underdocumented. Despite this, SIGA data has become a reference for regional health information policy development. Overall, SIGA has improved public service efficiency through fast, accurate, and timely data delivery. Yet, the system remains limited in providing interactive, two-way communication between government and citizens. This study recommends enhancing SIGA’s dialog function and engaging underrepresented community groups to support inclusive and responsive public services.

Batik Tanah Liek is one form of Minangkabau cultural heritage that has a unique coloring process that uses natural materials in the form of clay. This study aims to analyze the business planning of Batik Tanah Liek from two main aspects, namely marketing and finance. The method used is a descriptive approach with secondary data and a five-year financial projection simulation. The marketing strategy is focused on cost-based pricing and digital promotion through social media, participation in cultural events, and partnerships with local business actors. Financial analysis includes profit and loss projections, cash flow, and break-even point (BEP) analysis. The results show that the strategy developed is able to provide significant profit growth potential and healthy cash flow. These findings indicate that Batik Tanah Liek has the potential to develop as a competitive and sustainable local fashion brand.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by non-BPJS private hospitals in increasing revenue and competitiveness amidst the dominance of BPJS services in Indonesia. Private hospitals face challenges in attracting patients due to the perception of high service costs and limited public access. However, they have advantages in speed of service, modern facilities, and direct access to specialists. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach to various secondary sources such as scientific journals, industry reports, and policy documents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of a marketing strategy based on the 7P marketing mix concept (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence), digital marketing, and customer relationship management through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are key to increasing patient attraction and loyalty. Collaboration with private insurance also provides added value through ease of payment and access to premium health services. This study provides recommendations for hospitals in developing adaptive, holistic, and patient satisfaction-oriented marketing strategies.