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This research aims to analyze the role of Abraham Kuyper's cultural mandate in the context of Christian Religious Education. Abraham Kuyper, a Dutch theologian and statesman, emphasized the importance of the cultural mandate as an integral part of the Christian faith, where believers are called to transform all aspects of life, including education, according to the principles of the Kingdom of God. This research uses a qualitative method with a theological-philosophical analysis approach to Kuyper's thought and its relevance to CRE. The research findings indicate that Kuyper's cultural mandate provides a strong theological foundation for CRE, emphasizing the integration of faith, science, and daily life. The concept of sphere sovereignty proposed by Kuyper also promotes a holistic approach in Christian Religious Education), where education focuses not only on spiritual aspects but also on the development of character, ethics, and social responsibility. Additionally, this study found that the implementation of the cultural mandate in CRE can strengthen Christian identity amidst pluralism and secularization. The implication of these findings is the importance of a CRE curriculum based on the Kuyperian vision, which emphasizes cultural transformation through education. This research contributes to the development of CRE that is relevant and contextual in addressing the challenges of the times.

This article discusses the transformation of the meaning of the altar from Hebrew tradition to modern spiritual life, highlighting the important role of the altar as a symbol of the relationship between humans and God. In Hebrew tradition, the altar serves as a physical altar for offering sacrifices, reflecting the sacrifice, purification, and spiritual commitment of the people of Israel. However, as time has progressed, the meaning of the altar has evolved into a deeper symbol that encompasses spiritual and emotional aspects. In a modern context, the altar is interpreted as a symbol of the human heart, a place where worship and devotion to God are performed wholeheartedly. This article also explores the application of altar values, such as devotion, humility, and service, in everyday life. Additionally, the concept of the altar is connected to universal interpretations that are relevant to various spiritual traditions. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature study approach, involving the collection and analysis of literature and biblical verses related to the altar. Thus, this article aims to provide a deep understanding of the essence of the altar as a spiritual element that remains relevant, universal, and applicable in daily life, while inviting readers to reflect on the application of the altar concept in their lives.

This paper examines the story of King Saul seeking help from a medium in Endor as a tragic illustration of the spiritual downfall of a leader who was once chosen and anointed by God. In his distress and desperation, Saul chose a path that violated the law, marking his disconnection from God. This action not only shows a serious spiritual deviation, but also reveals the irony that a female medium becomes a means for God to deliver His judgment. It also explores Christian theological views on the practice of séances, including the moral and spiritual implications they bring. By comparing the historical and cultural background of Israel, and reviewing it from a biblical perspective, this paper emphasizes the importance of obedience to God's word and the dangers of involvement in the occult. The relevance of this story to the Christian life today serves as a reminder to remain steadfast in God's revelation and to distance ourselves from deviant spiritual practices. It also invites readers to reflect on the importance of maintaining spiritual integrity in facing the challenges of life.

Gratitude is an attitude that is highly emphasized and appreciated. An attitude of gratitude means recognizing ang appreciating all the blessings given by God. Teenagers who are able to be grateful for their lives will have an impact on their happiness and peace of mind. The sample in this study was 65 junior high school studendts. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of gratitude on happiness in adolescents. This research uses a quantitative approach with simple regression test aanalysis using SPPS 26.00 with data collection tools in the form of questionnaires for the gratitude scale. From the results of research data analysis, is shows that there is an influence of gratitude on happiness in teenagers of 16.9%, which is in the medion category, which means that the higher the feeling of gratitude, the more happiness will increase. So it can be concluded thatther is an influence of gratitude on happiness in teenagers.    

The Book of Psalms is an important part of the Old Testament worship and theology tradition, reflecting the dynamics of human emotions in their relationship with God. Psalms 146-150 specifically highlight aspects of prayer and praise as expressions of joyful and hopeful faith. This study aims to interpret theologically how these five psalms describe the emotional response of believers to the work and character of God. With an exegetical and biblical theological approach, this study finds that Psalms 146-150 form a climax in the structure of the Book of Psalms, emphasizing the supremacy of praise as the primary form of worship. In addition, this study highlights how the emotional aspects of these psalms function not only as a reflection of individual faith experiences but also as a collective appeal for the community of believers. Thus, Psalms 146-150 emphasize that prayer and praise are the primary means of expressing the relationship between humans and God, while inspiring a spiritual life centered on worship.  

Tradition is a form of ancestral heritage that is still preserved today. Traditions are related to beliefs that have certain goals. The author researched the sea pethik tradition held in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency. The Sea Picking tradition is a tradition held by the fishing community of Muncar District on the 15th of the month of Muharram or the month of Sura. The Sea Picking Tradition in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency has become a form of gratitude to God. God gives safety and sustenance, in the form of fish which are useful for the lives of the fishermen of the Muncar community. The aim of the author in conducting this research is several things, such as explaining the beginning, all the activities, tools and materials, the meaning of the tools and materials, the function and benefits of the Petik Laut tradition in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency. The author conducted this research using qualitative research. Because qualitative data is data in the form of words, schemes and images.  In this research, the data method used is descriptive qualitative data. So that the data taken and processed from the data source is transformed into described qualitative data. The author uses folklore theory for research, namely folklore theory originating from Danandjaja (1984:1-2). Folklore theory is a number of cultures that are collective, spread and passed down from generation to generation, traditionally and have different versions. The data sources in this research come from interviews and observations. So as to produce research that is in accordance with the aim of carrying out research on the sea picking tradition in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency.

Tradition is a form of ancestral heritage that is still preserved today. Traditions are related to beliefs that have certain goals. The author researched the sea pethik tradition held in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency. The Sea Picking tradition is a tradition held by the fishing community of Muncar District on the 15th of the month of Muharram or the month of Sura. The Sea Picking Tradition in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency has become a form of gratitude to God. God gives safety and sustenance, in the form of fish which are useful for the lives of the fishermen of the Muncar community. The aim of the author in conducting this research is several things, such as explaining the beginning, all the activities, tools and materials, the meaning of the tools and materials, the function and benefits of the Petik Laut tradition in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency. The author conducted this research using qualitative research. Because qualitative data is data in the form of words, schemes and images.  In this research, the data method used is descriptive qualitative data. So that the data taken and processed from the data source is transformed into described qualitative data. The author uses folklore theory for research, namely folklore theory originating from Danandjaja (1984:1-2). Folklore theory is a number of cultures that are collective, spread and passed down from generation to generation, traditionally and have different versions. The data sources in this research come from interviews and observations. So as to produce research that is in accordance with the aim of carrying out research on the sea picking tradition in Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency.

Religious character is one aspect of character values related to an individual's relationship with God. Religious character is considered a key point that needs to be instilled and developed from an early age in children. This serves as the foundation of religious teachings in the lives of individuals and society as a whole. The aim of this research is to understand the formation of religious character among Islamic boarding school students through the programs of reading the Quran and performing the Dhuha prayer at PPTQ Al-Mustaqimiyyah. The research method used is qualitative, employing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. Data sources were obtained through interviews with administrators, teachers, and students. The results indicate that the Quran reading and Dhuha prayer program has a positive impact on shaping the religious character of the students. This is reflected in the improvement of Quran reading skills, awareness in worship, discipline, responsibility, honesty, and the cultivation of good morals, attitudes, and behavior. With these activities, it is expected that students will be motivated and enthusiastic to enhance their memorization of the Quran, not only by reading and memorizing but also by understanding the meaning of the sacred verses and applying them in community life. The improvement in worship is expected to help them distinguish between noble moral values and reprehensible behavior, forming good habits that are difficult to replace in the future.

Marriage is a spiritual and physical bond between one man and one woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy family based on the belief in the Almighty God. In a marriage, forming a happy family certainly requires cooperation between each party, both husband and wife. If both parties have different goals, it will trigger problems in the household. Problems in the household can influence divorce between both parties, namely husband and wife.  Divorce is a condition in the household where there is no common ground for harmony and harmony in the relationship between husband and wife so that it can be decided by the District Court for those of non-Islamic religions or the Religious Court for those of Islamic religion. Considering that Indonesia is a country of law where every action has rules, if seen from the principle of Nebis In Idem, this problem is no longer acceptable. However, in this divorce case the lawsuit was accepted by the judge and the judge decided again with a different decision. Based on this, the formulation of the problem is how to apply the Ne Bis In Idem Principle by the judge in divorce cases

Christian education has played a significant role in shaping individual character, thought, and morality across the globe. One of the most influential figures in this field is Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556), founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Loyola’s educational philosophy, rooted in Catholic spirituality, emphasizes discipline, character formation, and the integration of faith and intellect. The purpose of this study is to explore the theological foundations of Christian education according to Ignatius Loyola, outline the core principles of his educational thought, and examine its relevance to contemporary Christian education. Data were collected through a literature review of books and scholarly articles. Loyola’s approach, known as Ignatian education, focuses on holistic development-spiritual, intellectual, and social-embodied in the principle of "cura personalis" or care for the whole person. His model has profoundly influenced Catholic educational institutions worldwide. The findings highlight that Ignatian pedagogy not only nurtures academic excellence but also fosters a spirit of service and commitment to God. This research provides insights for educators and institutions aiming to implement Christian values in modern educational settings.

In the historical and theological context, the Kingdom of God is understood not as a political or geographical kingdom, but as a spiritual reality present in human life and history. Through an analysis of Mark 1:15, this journal explains that the coming of Jesus signifies the fulfillment of God's plan of salvation and calls people to repent and believe in the gospel. This study also highlights Jesus' use of parables, such as the parable of the mustard seed and the growing seed, which illustrate the growth and characteristics of the Kingdom of God. By emphasizing the importance of repentance and faith, the results of the teachings indicate that the Kingdom of God is cultivating spiritual change in individuals. The conclusions obtained imply that although the Kingdom of God is already present, its full realization still awaits fulfillment in the future. Therefore, this paper recommends that Christians dig deeper into the concept of the Kingdom of God, improving their understanding and application of Kingdom values in daily life as a response to Jesus' teachings.

This study aims to analyze the representation of Pancasila values ​​in the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat by Affandi. This painting is considered to have a strong philosophical meaning related to the struggle of the Indonesian people in maintaining independence. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach (library research), where data is obtained from various written sources such as books, scientific journals, articles, and related documents. The data collection technique is carried out through the documentation method, while the data obtained is analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify symbols, colors, and visual elements that reflect the values ​​of Pancasila. The results of the study show that the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat represents the five values ​​of Pancasila. The value of Belief in the One Almighty God is seen in the slogan "Once Independent, Always Independent" which reflects the belief that independence is a gift from God. The value of Just and Civilized Humanity is seen in the solidarity of the fighters without distinguishing backgrounds. The value of Indonesian Unity is realized through the togetherness of the fighters who develop a joint strategy. The value of Democracy Led by the Wisdom of Deliberation and Representation is depicted in the discussion scene among the fighters. Finally, the value of Social Justice for All Indonesian People is reflected through the painting of simple war equipment that shows the struggle of the common people in maintaining independence. This study confirms that works of art, especially Affandi's paintings, are able to be an effective medium in conveying moral messages, values ​​of friendship, and the spirit of struggle.

This study examines the concept of the Kingdom of God in Peter's teachings within the early church, influenced by the Pentecost event. The aim of the research is to understand how Peter's teachings on the Kingdom of God evolved and were applied, as well as his role in the spread of the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles. The method employed is a qualitative approach with literature study, analyzing biblical texts and related theological sources. Findings indicate that Peter's teachings emphasize the inclusivity of the Kingdom of God and the importance of living in holiness. Additionally, the research reveals that the persecution faced by the early church actually accelerated the growth of the Kingdom of God. The implications of this study provide a deeper understanding of the relevance of Peter's teachings for the development of contemporary church theology and practice.

This research aims to analyze the Islamic Communication Message in the Lyrics of Ruang Rindu and the Letto Band's Heart Request using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic approach. The author uses qualitative descriptive research to describe research data. Data was taken using the documentation technique for the lyrics of the song Letto Ruang Rindu and Hati's request. The results of this research show that the lyrics of this song have a deep Islamic communication message. The lyrics describe the search for meaning in life, feelings of loss, and hope for certainty in spiritual relationships. The meaning of the lyrics of the song Ruang Rindu describes the longing and search for deep meaning in a spiritual relationship with God. This song reflects a person's journey in finding calm and closeness to the Creator amidst doubt and silence. The message in this song invites listeners to reflect on their relationship with God and find peace by adhering to spiritual values.

The purpose of this study was to determine the understanding of the ONKP Resort Sibolga congregation that prayer can change everything and to what extent the role of prayer changes everything. The research method is qualitative research. The data collection technique for this study was using semi-structured interviews. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Based on the results of interviews with the ONKP Resort Sibolga congregation about prayer being able to change everything, the congregation believes and trusts that prayer can change everything. Prayer can change everything when the congregation has faith that the prayers offered must be full of confidence that the power of prayer will occur in their lives. The congregation also said that the prayers of the righteous will be realized by God. When people pray to accept Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, then God automatically justifies the person. In addition, prayer can change everything when the congregation is obedient to the word of God. Obedience is proof that someone truly loves God. Disobedience is a rebellious attitude that God hates. God hears the prayers of those who are willing to obey the truth of the Bible, in other words disobedience is a barrier to answered prayer. (John 15:7). Prayer also has a role in calming the anxiety experienced by the congregation.

This study aims to examine the relevance of Paul's teachings on the Kingdom of God in the context of marturia (testimony) for the Batak community. In Paul's teachings, the Kingdom of God is not only understood as an eschatological dimension, but also as a calling for every person to live as a Witness of Christ in the midst of the world. This teaching invites Christians to live in love, justice, and hope based on the values ​​of the Kingdom of God. For the Batak community, which has a strong social and cultural tradition, Paul's teachings on the Kingdom of God have great potential to be applied in their daily lives. This study reveals how the teachings on the Kingdom of God can have a positive impact on the formation of authentic marturia in the midst of Batak socio-cultural life. By combining the principles of Paul's teachings and Batak cultural values, this study shows that the teachings are not only relevant for spiritual life, but also for the development of a more just and prosperous society, in accordance with the principles of the Kingdom of God.  

The phenomenon of throning, which refers to the practice of seeking partners with high social status to enhance self-image, is increasingly prevalent among Generation Z. Although it may seem appealing, throning poses negative issues such as unrealistic expectations, a transactional view of relationships, and the potential for unhappiness that impacts individuals' mental health. This article aims to critically analyze throning behavior from the perspective of Christian Religious Education, emphasizing the importance of spiritual values in building healthy relationships. The research method employed is qualitative, using a literature review approach that involves analyzing written sources related to throning and Christian Religious Education. The findings indicate that throning contradicts the pursuit of a life partner, as well as the principles of love and respect for the intrinsic value of individuals taught in the Bible. The study concludes by affirming the need for a holistic approach to understanding relationships, grounded in spiritual values rather than social status. Recommendations for future research include more in-depth empirical studies on the impact of throning on mental health and interpersonal relationships, as well as a deeper exploration of Biblical knowledge, which highlights the importance of moral and spiritual values in relationship contexts, even in the digital age. It is hoped that individuals can build more authentic relationships through the lens of the Bible and glorify God.

Elderly is the end of the human life process which causes decreased activity. The stress that arises during the aging process can cause three types of changes, namely changes in self-perception, changes in relationships with other people, and philosophical changes regarding priorities, perseverance, and spirituality. Apart from that, spirituality can also help someone develop their awareness. Stress can be avoided if a person has a high level of spirituality, spirituality can be understood as a relationship between a person and God. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between spirituality and the stress level of elderly people in Social Service Homes. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 105 respondents using purposive sampling. Spirituality data was collected using the SAS questionnaire and Stress Levels using the DASS questionnaire. This research shows a high level of spirituality of 52.4%, moderate spirituality of 40%, low spirituality of 7.6% and a level of severe stress of 24.8%, a level of moderate stress of 58.1%, a level of light stress of 17.1%.

Marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife whose aim is to form a happy and eternal family (household) based on the belief in the Almighty God. Law 1/1974 refers to the validity of a marriage held by Indonesian citizens based on the laws of their respective religions and beliefs. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage process in relation to Hindu Religious Marriages and analyze the validity of Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriages Based on Marriage Law in Indonesia. It becomes a problem when a community of Towani Tolotang believers are "forced" to choose Hinduism among the religions recognized by the government, which then relegates their belief to just a custom. The next big question about how the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage process relates to Hindu Religious Marriages is how is the validity of the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage based on Marriage Law in Indonesia. The research was carried out in Sidrap Regency, Panrenge Telelimpoe Village, Province. South Sulawesi, data collection was obtained using interviews and analyzing data from literature references, either from books or from journals via the internet. After the data obtained has been collected, it will then be discussed and explained in accordance with applicable regulations and the final results will be concluded. The results of the conclusions must be in accordance with the research results from the title "The Validity of Marriage in the Towani Tolotang Traditional Perspective (Study in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi Province)", Based on the results of the analysis and interviews regarding Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage and Hinduism, namely that the procedure or process of marriage what is carried out by the Towani Tolotang Custom is not the same as the provisions of the marriage procedures in Hinduism, furthermore the Towani Tolotang Customary Marriage is declared valid according to the provisions of the Law. Marriage in Indonesia is because the marriage is carried out in accordance with the principles or principles and values ​​contained in Law 1/1974.

A number of congregations at GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk show a tendency to not be active in worshiping regularly. This phenomenon needs serious attention so that the congregation can once again appreciate and feel the importance of worship in their lives. One of the main causes of inactivity in worship is the busyness of daily life which increasingly dominates the congregation's attention. This busyness is often a reason that is considered valid for not attending church services. Meanwhile, the method used is qualitative based on direct observation of the phenomena that occur at GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk. Apart from that, guidance was provided on the word of God to the GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk congregation, explaining "what is the importance of worship?", "which basis of God's word discusses worship?", "what is the correct way to worship?".  The findings from this research have resulted in positive changes in the life of the GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk congregation, such as increasing activeness in worship and changing lifestyles that are more focused on God. This shows that correct worship not only has a spiritual impact, but also socially, strengthening the commitment to live according to God's will.