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This study aims to explore an effective educational supervision approach in the context of education in Indonesia, taking into account the influence of religious and cultural values. The background of this study is based on the importance of the role of supervisors in supporting teachers to achieve the educational goals that have been set. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, where data is collected through observation and interviews with educators as key informants. The findings of the study indicate that a collaborative and non-directive supervision approach is more effective in improving the quality of teaching, compared to a directive approach. In addition, social interaction between supervisors and teachers has been shown to be important in building better understanding and practice. The implications of this study emphasize the need for training for supervisors to develop skills in providing constructive feedback and creating a supportive working atmosphere. Thus, this study contributes to the development of better educational supervision practices, which can improve the quality of education in schools.

Effective student management is an important part of a quality education system. This research considers a holistic approach to student management that integrates academic aspects, character development, and talent development. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the holistic approach in enhancing academic achievement, positive character development, and student talent development. This research employs a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative data analysis from academic results and student surveys with qualitative data from in-depth interviews with educators and field observations. Research shows that a holistic approach to student management is positively correlated with improved academic performance, stronger character, and more targeted human resource development. This result highlights the importance of integrating cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects into student management. The significance of this research underscores the need for a reformulation of educational policies that support the implementation of integrated student management at various levels of education.

Technological developments can increase the effectiveness of curriculum supervision, however the challenges of unequal access and lack of training must still be overcome to achieve optimal learning goals. The aim of this research is that researchers state Curriculum Supervision in the Digital Era in Facing Challenges and Opportunities that digital-based supervision can increase efficiency, make monitoring easier, and provide faster feedback to educators and students. This research design uses a qualitative type with a case study approach to understand in depth the implementation of curriculum supervision in the digital era at SMA Darussalam Blokagung. Sources of informants in this research include: Principals, teachers and students of Darussalam High School. The data collection technique in this research is observation. Interviews and documentation. Data analysis in this research uses the Miles Huberman model with 3 stages including data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research: Curriculum Supervision in the Digital Era in Facing Challenges and Opportunities produced findings including: varied learning styles, Teacher training and innovative curriculum.

This journal discusses the development of questioning skills in early childhood as an effort to encourage curiosity and critical thinking skills. Questioning skills are considered important in the learning process, because they can increase children's involvement and help them understand information in more depth. This research uses a quantitative approach with the early childhood population in educational institutions, and collects data through questionnaires and direct observation. The results of the research show that there is a positive influence between children's questioning skills and curiosity and critical thinking abilities. Children who are used to asking questions tend to be more active in exploration and discussion, which strengthens their understanding. The journal also identifies various strategies for developing questioning skills, such as creating a supportive environment, using open-ended questions, and encouraging group discussions. Even though there are challenges, such as limited time and children feeling uncomfortable asking questions, it is important for educators and parents to create a safe space for children to actively participate. Developing questioning skills is expected to be a crucial first step in preparing children to face future challenges, as well as increasing their creativity and critical thinking abilities.

In this modern era, technological advancements have reached their peak, impacting almost every aspect of human life. In education at schools, educators must also be able to provide innovation to their students so that they are more motivated to learn. To do this, educators can use digital technology to create different and still educational learning content, but there are several obstacles faced at SDN 1 Rejosari, namely the lack of a computer lab, resulting in insufficient implementation of technology in the curriculum. Thus, the goal of this community service is to introduce infographics and advertisements using the Canva application, aimed at enhancing the creativity of the students at SDN 1 Rejosari. This community service activity began with the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. The results of the evaluation stage showed a percentage of 90 – 100% in understanding the introduction to the material presented, but in practice, only 65% was achieved. Therefore, further action is needed, specifically continuous training on infographic and advertisement design using Canva.

In essence, technology has become an inseparable part of children's lives today. However, inappropriate use of technology can impact their development. The technology that exists today has a big influence on the progress of a nation and for this reason the role of parents and educators must be to be able to encourage and provide control and supervision to children so that they do not become addicted to technology. because technology can expand knowledge through the internet and digital devices, increase creativity to be creative in developing skills and can facilitate learning. However, current technology can also have negative impacts, such as children becoming dependent and spending time in front of screens, social interactions and even children having more fun in front of the screen than playing in the surrounding environment. In today's sophisticated era, being free from gadgets is difficult. Because gadgets are a major need for children and parents, because they can be used to communicate and carry out other needs. The aim of this research is to describe or describe in full the impact of gadget use on the social behavior of young children. The method used in this research is a qualitative method that will allow us to explore and analyze more complex problems, understand the perspectives of various stakeholders, and gain a deeper understanding of the context of the influence of devices on a child. The research hopes that the results obtained can be used as a benchmark for parents and teachers in controlling children's use of technology.

The role of education in shaping character has been a subject of discourse throughout history, with its significance amplified in the face of contemporary challenges. This study examines the relevance of Ibn Khaldun's educational philosophy in the context of modern character formation. The reseaarch aims to analyze Ibn Khaldun's perspective on education and its potential application in contemporary character-building efforts. A qualitative approach is employed, focusing on a comprehensive review of secondary sources and scholarly interpretations of Ibn Khaldun's educational theories. The study synthesizes various perspectives on Ibn Khaldun's educational philosophy and examines their applicability to current educational practices and challenges. This approach allows for a broader understanding of Ibn Khaldun's ideas within the context of modern educational needs. The study reveals that Ibn Khaldun's educational theory emphasizes the integration of religious, moral, and practical knowledge in character development. His holistic approach to education, which includes the cultivation of critical thinking, social skills, and ethical values, aligns closely with current educational needs. The findings suggest that Ibn Khaldun's educational principles can significantly contribute to addressing modern character-building challenges, particularly in fostering resilience, cultural understanding, and ethical decision-making among students. This research provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers in developing comprehensive character education programs that balance traditional wisdom with contemporary demands. Moreover, it highlights the importance of revisiting historical educational philosophies to inform and enrich modern a pedagogical practices, especially in the realm of character education.

This study aims to describe the characteristics of cognitive, social, and moral development of children aged 4–13 years and identify the challenges faced during their development process. Using a qualitative approach based on literature studies, data were obtained from various relevant academic sources. The results of the study indicate that cognitive development involves logical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are influenced by social and environmental interactions. Social development is influenced by parenting patterns, peer relationships, and media exposure, while moral development involves understanding the values ​​of right and wrong supported by the school and community environment. Children face various challenges, such as difficulties in emotional regulation, the negative impact of social media, and limited learning abilities. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between parents, educators, and the community to create an environment that supports children's holistic growth.

Surah Al-'Alaq (96: 1-5) emphasizes the importance of reading and learning as the foundation of education. These verses invite the community to understand that knowledge comes from Allah and must be pursued with good intentions. In the context of learning strategies, this surah highlights the need for integrating spiritual and ethical values ​​in education. Educators are expected to create a learning environment that focuses not only on mastering the material but on character development too. This study aims to explore the relationship between the teachings in Surah Al-'Alaq and effective learning strategies, as well as their implications for student character development. By applying student-centered learning strategies, it is hoped that students' love and understanding of the Koran will increase, thus forming a generation that possesses noble character and is prepared to face future challenges.

This study aims to understand the role of character education in the formation of entrepreneurial attitudes in elementary school students. Character education is considered an important foundation for developing entrepreneurial skills, such as independence, creativity, hard work, and the courage to take risks. The method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative through literature studies, analyzing various relevant sources regarding the implementation of entrepreneurship education at the elementary school level. The findings of the study indicate that character education can be effective in forming entrepreneurial attitudes in students if implemented through integration into subjects, personal development activities, extracurricular programs and local content. By consistently applying character values, students can develop self-confidence, responsibility, and innovative mindsets that support them to become entrepreneurs in the future. This study provides recommendations for educators and policy makers to design comprehensive and applicable education programs to instill entrepreneurial character from an early age.

Global phenomena highlight the increasing attention to entrepreneurship as a solution to reduce unemployment and promote sustainable economic growth (SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth). On a local level, vocational high school (SMK) graduates in Indonesia face the challenge of low entrepreneurial intention, which has the potential to exacerbate youth unemployment rates. This study aims to explore entrepreneurship learning strategies and the contribution of teacher behavior in shaping the entrepreneurial intentions of SMK students through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The novelty of this research lies in integrating two key elements—innovative learning strategies and teacher behavior as role models—which have been minimally discussed in previous literature. The urgency of this research stems from its contribution to SDG 4 (Quality Education), by strengthening entrepreneurship education as a foundation for developing a competitive workforce. The method employed in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves collecting and analyzing relevant journal articles using VOSviewer software based on selected keywords. The findings indicate that project-based and collaborative learning approaches enable students to directly experience real-world business challenges, such as developing business ideas and working in teams to solve practical problems. Teacher behavior, serving as both facilitator and motivator, plays a crucial role in encouraging students to dream big, believe in their abilities, and view entrepreneurship as an attractive career path. The implications of this research provide practical insights for educators and policymakers in designing effective entrepreneurship curricula while supporting the SDG agenda, particularly in promoting quality education, decent work, and inclusive economic growth. This study contributes to the reinforcement of sustainable entrepreneurship education in Indonesia.

Global phenomena highlight the increasing attention to entrepreneurship as a solution to reduce unemployment and promote sustainable economic growth (SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth). On a local level, vocational high school (SMK) graduates in Indonesia face the challenge of low entrepreneurial intention, which has the potential to exacerbate youth unemployment rates. This study aims to explore entrepreneurship learning strategies and the contribution of teacher behavior in shaping the entrepreneurial intentions of SMK students through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The novelty of this research lies in integrating two key elements—innovative learning strategies and teacher behavior as role models—which have been minimally discussed in previous literature. The urgency of this research stems from its contribution to SDG 4 (Quality Education), by strengthening entrepreneurship education as a foundation for developing a competitive workforce. The method employed in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves collecting and analyzing relevant journal articles using VOSviewer software based on selected keywords. The findings indicate that project-based and collaborative learning approaches enable students to directly experience real-world business challenges, such as developing business ideas and working in teams to solve practical problems. Teacher behavior, serving as both facilitator and motivator, plays a crucial role in encouraging students to dream big, believe in their abilities, and view entrepreneurship as an attractive career path. The implications of this research provide practical insights for educators and policymakers in designing effective entrepreneurship curricula while supporting the SDG agenda, particularly in promoting quality education, decent work, and inclusive economic growth. This study contributes to the reinforcement of sustainable entrepreneurship education in Indonesia.

Marriage in the Catholic Church is seen as a sacrament that binds partners in holy and inseparable love, with the primary goals being the well-being of the couple, the birth of children, and their education. This research aims to examine the important role of child birth and education in the context of Catholic marriage through a literature review approach. Data is taken from official Church documents such as Family Partnership, The Most Important Education, and the Code of Canon Law, as well as other academic literature. The analysis shows that the birth of a child is a real manifestation of love which demands the moral responsibility of the couple to educate the child in the Catholic faith, while the child's education is a means of passing on moral and spiritual values ​​to the next generation. Modern challenges, such as the influence of technology and family dynamics, require an active spiritual life in the family to support children's faith education. This research has implications for strengthening Catholic family values ​​in facing the complexity of the modern world, as well as providing a theological foundation for Catholic couples to carry out their role as primary and first educators in the family.    

Conflicts occur in the school environment not only cause obstacles, but also provide solutions in the implementation of school policies. This article discusses the sources and resolution of conflict in the implementation of conflict management policies in schools. This research aims to identify the sources of obstacles in implementing conflict management policies in schools and provide solutions in the form of policy-based solutions that can be implemented effectively. This research is a qualitative approach, descriptive research, and literature study data collection method. Previous research that discussed the same issue showed a lack of training for educators and limited resources. The findings show that: First, the conflict management policy implemented in schools is done by identifying the sources of conflict. Second, conflict resolution in schools can be done by avoidance, accommodation, confrontational approach, compromise, and collaborative problem solving

Resistance to change (RTC) is a significant challenge in implementing educational reforms, particularly in the 21st century. This study explores strategies to overcome RTC among educators, using a qualitative approach involving 20 teachers from diverse backgrounds. Data collected through open-ended questions and a Likert scale reveal that Facilitation and Support (85%) and Negotiation and Agreement (90%) are the most effective strategies, highlighting the importance of training, resource allocation, and incentives in fostering adaptability. Participation and Involvement (75%) also proves effective by enhancing teacher commitment through collaborative decision-making. In contrast, Manipulation and Co-optation and authority-driven strategies are viewed as less sustainable, with respondents expressing concerns over their long-term impact. Challenges such as frequent curriculum changes, limited technological proficiency, and unclear communication exacerbate RTC. This study emphasizes the need for practical strategies like direct support, collaboration, and motivational incentives to address resistance effectively. The findings extend Kotter and Schlesinger’s framework by contextualizing it within educational settings and highlight the interplay between external pressures for reform and internal resistance mechanisms. By aligning resources, fostering collaboration, and incentivizing participation, schools can navigate the complexities of change and reduce resistance among educators.    

Technology has undoubtedly revolutionized the way we learn and acquire knowledge. In recent years, there has been a significant shift towards integrating technology into educational practices, with the aim of enhancing the learning experience for students. This transformation has sparked a debate among educators and researchers about the implications of this shift on the traditional methods of teaching and learning. Some argue that technology has the potential to democratize education and provide equal opportunities for all learners, while others express concerns about the impact of digital distractions and the loss of face-to-face interaction. Through the lens of post-positivism, criticality, and constructivism theory, this critical analysis aims to explore the complexities of the transformation of learning with technology. By examining the underlying assumptions and implications of integrating technology into education, we can gain a deeper understanding of how it may shape the future of learning. This analysis will delve into the various perspectives and theories surrounding the use of technology in education, considering both the benefits and drawbacks. Through a balanced examination of the evidence, we hope to uncover the key factors that will determine the success of technology in shaping the future of learning. Ultimately, the goal is to provide insights that will guide educators and policymakers in making informed decisions about integrating technology into educational practices.

This research aims to analyze the skills of providing learning variations to increase the effectiveness of the learning process in early childhood. Early childhood is in a very dynamic development phase, where monotonous teaching methods can hinder their attention and motivation. Therefore, the use of variations in teaching methods, such as changes in activity types, duration, learning media, and interactive approaches, can have a positive impact on children's involvement in learning activities. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method that examines various sources related to variations in learning and their impact on early childhood development. The results of the analysis show that a variety of learning activities can increase children's motivation, prolong concentration, support multisensory learning, and develop children's social and emotional skills. Learning that involves various methods and media allows children to learn through direct experience thereby strengthening their understanding of the concepts being taught. This research concludes that the skill of providing variety in learning not only increases learning effectiveness, but also contributes to children's holistic development. Therefore, it is important for educators to master these skills and apply them consistently in early childhood learning activities.

The implementation of school-based management, the madrasah head is a driving actor, determines the direction of madrasah policy, which will determine how the objectives of madrasah and education in general are realized. This study aims to: (1) To find out the planning process of madrasah principals in the implementation of MBS at Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan, (2) To find out the role of madrasah principals as educators in school-based management at Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan, (3) To find out the role of madrasah principals as supervisors in school-based management at Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan. This type of research includes field research, using qualitative methods using a descriptive approach. While collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation. The research findings show that: (1) The Planning Process for the Implementation of Madrasah Based Management of Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan runs quite well and is carried out by involving the committee (student guardians, community leaders and donors) and all other madrasah components. (2) The head of Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan in implementing MBS as an educator must have the ability to guide teachers, non-teaching staff, students, develop educational staff, science and technology and provide teaching examples. (3) The head of Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan in implementing MBS as a supervisor must provide guidance, assistance, supervision, assessment on the technical implementation and development of education, teaching, program improvement, teaching activities. And must have the ability to compile, implement clinical, non-clinical, extra-curricular supervision programs.

This research aims to analyze curriculum design and planning for the development of Christian Religious Education at HKBP pearaja Tarutung using the Bobbitt and Charters curriculum approach. Through a qualitative approach and case studies, this research explores the application of curriculum theories in the church context, as well as the strategies used by churches to respond to religious education needs that are relevant to current developments and the social conditions of the congregation. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observation of religious education activities, and analysis of implemented curriculum documentation. The research results show that HKBP pearaja Tarutung implements a curriculum based on the needs of the congregation with an approach that prioritizes the active involvement of the congregation in the planning and implementation process. Apart from that, the church also focuses on developing educators with regular training and the use of technology to support the learning process. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of the Christian Religious Education curriculum in other churches and enrich the discourse on Christian religious education in a more contextual and relevant way.

As a nation with a predominantly Muslim population, Indonesia bears a profound responsibility to cultivate Islamic religious education (PAI) that transcends mere knowledge transfer and serves as a means to shape the character of the younger generation. PAI is anticipated to foster a character rooted in the noble values of Islam, as well as to internalize moral and ethical principles as guiding standards in daily life. However, religious education at the school level faces considerable challenges, as conventional teaching methods tend to result in minimal student engagement. This research aims to explore the impact of revitalizing Islamic religious education at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Baitul Arqom on the character development of students. Employing a qualitative approach, this study utilizes interviews, participatory observations, and focused group discussions to gather data. The analysis reveals that the implementation of routine activities, such as dhuha prayers, exemplary teaching by educators, and active learning methods positively contributes to the enhancement of students' discipline, sense of responsibility, and social concern. This research also uncovers a positive correlation between the quality of religious education and the character development of students, thereby underscoring the necessity for innovation within the curriculum and teaching methodologies of PAI. Recommendations are put forth for the development of educational programs that are more responsive to the demands of the times and the aspirations of the younger generation, ensuring that religious education in Indonesia can cultivate individuals who are intellectually astute and morally upright.