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This study aims to identify and describe the most effective teaching strategies in improving level 3 fluent reading skills in lower grade elementary school students. Level 3 fluent reading skills include the ability to read at an appropriate speed, expressive intonation, and good comprehension of reading content. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores and analyzes various learning techniques that have been proven to support the improvement of reading fluency in early childhood. The research findings reveal that the application of explicit teaching methods, repetition in reading exercises, the use of paired reading techniques, the use of reading texts with levels of difficulty, and active involvement from parents, can synergistically encourage the development of students' reading skills significantly. This study provides important contributions both theoretically and practically, especially for educators, in designing systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable reading learning programs to improve students' literacy competencies from an early age.

This study aims to identify and describe the most effective teaching strategies in improving level 3 fluent reading skills in lower grade elementary school students. Level 3 fluent reading skills include the ability to read at an appropriate speed, expressive intonation, and good comprehension of reading content. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores and analyzes various learning techniques that have been proven to support the improvement of reading fluency in early childhood. The research findings reveal that the application of explicit teaching methods, repetition in reading exercises, the use of paired reading techniques, the use of reading texts with levels of difficulty, and active involvement from parents, can synergistically encourage the development of students' reading skills significantly. This study provides important contributions both theoretically and practically, especially for educators, in designing systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable reading learning programs to improve students' literacy competencies from an early age.

This study was motivated by the need to understand the impact of changing the education curriculum on elementary school students. Curriculum changes often pose challenges in their implementation, especially in terms of literacy in elementary school students. In addition, there are factors that influence student literacy such as the change from the 2013 curriculum to the independent curriculum, lack of support and attention from parents to students, and support from student schools. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of changing the education curriculum on elementary school students. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study design. The literature review was conducted by examining information collected from primary and secondary data sources, including citing relevant references. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the independent curriculum also raises concerns about students' basic skills, especially in terms of reading because many students in Indonesia have difficulty reading, which can have a negative impact on their learning achievement in the future. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding and implementation of the independent curriculum in children's literacy

The ability to understand denotative and connotative meanings is important in supporting the development of students' literacy and critical thinking skills in elementary schools. However, in practice, students still have difficulty in distinguishing the two types of meanings, especially in the context of connotative sentences that are figurative and require contextual interpretation. This study aims to analyze the ability of sixth grade elementary school students to identify and understand denotative and connotative meanings through various forms of questions, namely multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, and descriptive, with a qualitative approach using the case study method. The steps of the case study include determining the focus of the study, literature review, case selection, data collection, data processing, data analysis, negotiation of results, and conclusions. The subjects of the study consisted of five sixth grade elementary school students who were analyzed based on their answers to the instruments that had been prepared. The results of the study showed that students had a good basic understanding of denotative and connotative meanings in explicit form. However, they still had difficulty in interpreting connotative meanings contextually and figuratively. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a contextual learning approach that is relevant to students' social and cultural lives, which has been proven to improve students' ability to understand meaning reflectively and critically.  

In the learning process, students often encounter various obstacles. One common challenge is their difficulty in understanding the material presented by teachers, especially when the explanations are too abstract. To address this issue, appropriate instructional media are needed to help achieve learning objectives. The use of such media can support teachers in delivering content more effectively. As science and technology continue to evolve, instructional media must also adapt to create a learning environment that aligns with current developments. One form of media that can be utilized is educational video. This study aims to explore the use of video media in delivering instructional content. The method used is a literature review of previous research findings. The results indicate that video-based learning media can serve as an effective tool for teachers to present learning materials in a more engaging and comprehensible way.

Listening ability is one of the basic language skills that is important in supporting the learning process of students in elementary schools. However, in practice, students still have difficulty in capturing information from listening materials, especially when learning is carried out conventionally without the support of interesting media. This study aims to analyze the ability to listen to information from audio media in grade VI elementary school students with a qualitative approach using the case study method. The steps of the case study method are determining the focus of the study, literature, determining the case, data processing, data analysis, negotiating the results of the study, and conclusions. The subjects of the study consisted of five students who were analyzed based on their answers to five thematic audio media-based listening questions. The results of the study showed that students were able to understand the contents of the story, recognize characters and traits, and capture moral messages from the listening materials. However, there were still shortcomings in the aspect of regularity in reorganizing information and in-depth understanding of the character of the character. The novelty of this study lies in the analytical approach based on mapping student difficulties and the use of audio media that is relevant to everyday life, which has been proven to increase students' imagination and involvement in listening activities. This study recommends the use of audio media in a varied and contextual way in learning Indonesian in elementary schools.    

This study aims to examine in-depth and comprehensively the various obstacles faced by elementary school students in understanding the concept of fractions. Fractions represent one of the key components in basic mathematics education and often pose a significant challenge for many students. Through a structured literature review and in-depth analysis of empirical data, this research seeks to clearly describe the various difficulties students encounter when learning and understanding fractions. Additionally, this study investigates the underlying factors contributing to these difficulties and offers a number of creative and effective instructional strategy recommendations to help students overcome these barriers. The findings indicate that the primary challenges hindering students' understanding include several critical aspects: weak comprehension of basic fraction concepts, difficulty in representing fractions both visually and symbolically, struggles with performing arithmetic operations involving fractions, and challenges in relating fraction concepts to real-life situations. A thorough understanding of these challenges is expected to serve as a crucial foundation for improving the quality of mathematics instruction at the elementary school level.    

Writing skills according to experts in learning Indonesian are placed at the highest level of learning in the language acquisition process. One form of text that is important to learn in schools for writing skills is explanatory text. Explanatory text is a text that explains the process of a natural, social or cultural phenomenon logically and systematically. . Writing is one of the language skills that must be mastered by students. . However, in reality, there are still many students who have difficulty in understanding and writing explanatory texts. This study aims to analyze students' understanding of explanatory texts and students' abilities in writing explanatory texts in learning Indonesian in grade VI of elementary school. the number of samples in this study was 5 grade VI students. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative descriptive method. the results of this study indicate that students' understanding of writing explanatory texts is still low.    

This study aims to analyze the initial writing skills of grade 1 Elementary School students. Initial writing is the initial stage for students in recognizing letter shapes, composing syllables, and being able to write simple words and sentences. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with observation and documentation techniques. The results of the analysis show that the writing skills of grade 1 students vary greatly, influenced by fine motor readiness, the learning environment, and the role of teachers in providing appropriate exercises. Most students still have difficulty in writing letters with the correct and neat shape. Therefore, an interesting and repetitive learning strategy is needed so that students can improve their writing skills gradually.

This study aims to analyze the initial writing skills of grade 1 Elementary School students. Initial writing is the initial stage for students in recognizing letter shapes, composing syllables, and being able to write simple words and sentences. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with observation and documentation techniques. The results of the analysis show that the writing skills of grade 1 students vary greatly, influenced by fine motor readiness, the learning environment, and the role of teachers in providing appropriate exercises. Most students still have difficulty in writing letters with the correct and neat shape. Therefore, an interesting and repetitive learning strategy is needed so that students can improve their writing skills gradually.

The 21st century demands the mastery of creative thinking skills that are essential for every individual. At SDN Kebonsari Kulon 1 Probolinggo, grade V teachers have implemented creative learning strategies, such as the use of group presentation tasks to train students to face future difficulties. This study aimed to describe the implementation of creative thinking skills of grade V students, specifically related to four important aspects, namely fluency, flexibility, originality and detail. This analysis used a descriptive qualitative methodology, with research respondents including school leaders, grade V educators and students. The data collection strategies applied were interviews, observation, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed through the stages of collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis prove that the creative skills of grade V students have met the criteria based on four aspects. In the aspect of fluency, most students meet two of the three indicators, namely there are still students who feel reluctant to ask questions when they become an audience. In the aspect of flexibility, students were able to meet two of the three indicators, but some students were not able to classify ideas based on different criteria. All students met the indicators in the aspect of originality, as evidenced by their ability to find unique ideas in group discussions. In the aspect of detail, all indicators were met, as seen from the students' ability to explain in detail and coherently. In conclusion, the creative thinking skills of fifth grade students at SDN Kebonsari Kulon 1 Probolinggo are very good. However, there are still two indicators that have not been fully achieved, namely shyness to ask questions and difficulty in categorizing ideas based on different criteria. But overall, the implementation of creative thinking skills is very good.

Early reading is an important foundation in mastering language skills, especially for first grade elementary school students. Problems that often arise at this stage include difficulty in recognizing letters, arranging letters into words, and pronunciation and understanding simple reading. This study aims to analyze the early reading skills of first grade students in terms of cognitive and psychomotor aspects, and to identify factors that hinder their achievement. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with test instruments to assess cognitive abilities and observations to assess psychomotor skills. The subjects of the study consisted of five first grade students. The results showed that most students had very good cognitive abilities in early reading, but their psychomotor abilities tended to be low. A gap was found between theoretical understanding and practical skills of students. This finding emphasizes the importance of a balanced and holistic learning strategy so that students not only understand conceptually, but are also able to apply reading skills in real life.

Mathematics is often referred to as a field of knowledge developed through logical reasoning and is considered essential in everyday life, particularly in problem-solving. One effective way to apply problem-solving skills in mathematics education is through the use of word problems. This study aims to explore and analyze the various obstacles students encounter when solving mathematical word problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including tests, interviews, and a project involving the construction of a staircase using standard units of length. The subjects of the study were four third-grade elementary school students in Batusangkar who had previously studied standard units of length. The findings reveal that students faced a range of difficulties, such as challenges in understanding the problems, failure to organize solution steps systematically, and limited comprehension of the concept of standard measurement units. Additionally, a lack of interest in learning was found to negatively impact students’ ability to solve word problems. Therefore, conceptual understanding and increased motivation to learn are crucial factors in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

Mathematics is often referred to as a field of knowledge developed through logical reasoning and is considered essential in everyday life, particularly in problem-solving. One effective way to apply problem-solving skills in mathematics education is through the use of word problems. This study aims to explore and analyze the various obstacles students encounter when solving mathematical word problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including tests, interviews, and a project involving the construction of a staircase using standard units of length. The subjects of the study were four third-grade elementary school students in Batusangkar who had previously studied standard units of length. The findings reveal that students faced a range of difficulties, such as challenges in understanding the problems, failure to organize solution steps systematically, and limited comprehension of the concept of standard measurement units. Additionally, a lack of interest in learning was found to negatively impact students’ ability to solve word problems. Therefore, conceptual understanding and increased motivation to learn are crucial factors in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

Understanding the basic concept of multiplication is one of the important competencies that must be possessed by elementary school students. This study aims to analyze the extent of understanding the concept of multiplication of whole numbers in third grade elementary school students. A strong understanding of the concept at the initial stage is very important as a basis for mastering subsequent materials. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of diagnostic tests. The test is designed to identify the level of understanding of third grade elementary school students. The subjects of this study were third grade elementary school students. The results of the mini-research showed that some students had difficulty understanding story problems so that they considered them to be additions, errors when reading multiplication problems, and misconceptions that emerged in solving multiplication problems. Students had great difficulty making mathematical forms from story problems. These findings provide an important picture for teachers to design more effective learning and adjust their learning needs. Keywords: understanding concepts, mathematics learning, multiplication.

This study aims to apply pop-up book media to human senses in IPAS learning to improve the learning interest of fourth grade students of MI Malik Ibrahim Jenggawah. The background of this study shows the low interest in learning of students which has a negative impact on their academic achievement. Students who are not interested in reading and rarely do so tend to have difficulty in understanding the subject matter. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data collection includes observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use descriptive qualitative approach analysis. The results of the study showed that there was a significant increase in students' learning interest after the application of pop-up book media. After the action was carried out, students were more enthusiastic, participated and understood. The study shows that the use of pop-up book media can create a pleasant and effective atmosphere in learning.    

Deep learning (immersion learning) focuses on understanding concepts and developing critical thinking skills. However, 65% of elementary school teachers in partner schools still have difficulty implementing it. The purpose of this article is to identify innovative strategies to improve teacher skills through training 65 teachers from 8 elementary schools who are members of the teacher working group. The results of the training showed that 80% of teachers improved understanding, 70% reported increased interactive learning, and 60% used learning techniques. Continuous training and support in the use of technology are essential to enrich the learning experience for students. It is expected to inspire education policies at the elementary school level to optimize the implementation of deep learning in competency-based curriculum and improve the quality of education.

This study aims to identify the difficulties faced by tenth-grade students in understanding enumeration rules and to find effective learning solutions. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with 33 tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan as subjects. The instruments used included a diagnostic test in the form of National Examination questions 7-11 on permutations and combinations, interviews with mathematics teachers, and classroom observations. The results showed that the majority of students (50%) were in the moderate understanding category, understanding the basic concepts but frequently making procedural errors. Thirty percent of students were in the low understanding category, having difficulty distinguishing between addition and multiplication rules and applying the concepts to word problems. The main obstacles identified included a lack of mastery of basic concepts, difficulty determining solution steps, a lack of varied practice questions, and limited interactive learning media. Recommended solutions include the use of visual media such as tree diagrams and tables, a contextual approach to everyday life problems, collaborative learning, and the provision of additional tutoring.

This research aims to look at the conditions and situations in the learning process of Islamic Cultural History (SKI) at MTs Negeri 2 Bengkulu City. The research method used by researchers is a qualitative method which explains descriptively about SKI learning in this research using direct observation and interview methods by coming to the research location and directly to the r esearch subjects so that data collection can be carried out more effectively. Researchers found one problem at MTs Negeri 2 Bengkulu City, namely students' learning difficulties which affected students' interest, motivation and learning success. From this research, it was found that what causes learning difficulties for students at Mts Negeri 2 Bengkulu City is related to differences in students with elementary school and SD IT/MI educational backgrounds before entering MTs Negeri 2 Bengkulu City.

This study aims to analyze the level of understanding of PSPK 23 B students at Medan State University on atomic theory questions. With a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through multiple-choice tests filled out by 30 students. The results showed an average understanding of 75.33%, which is quite good. However, there was significant variation where some students mastered basic concepts (eg Dalton and Thomson's atomic models), while others had difficulty with abstract topics (eg Bohr's model and quantum mechanics). This finding is in line with previous studies on misconceptions in atomic structure. This study emphasizes the importance of innovative learning strategies, such as visual media and conceptual approaches, to improve student understanding. Periodic evaluation is needed to detect learning gaps and adjust teaching methods. The results of this study can be a basis for developing more effective chemistry education practices.