Publication Search

The urgency of consumer protection in Sharia-compliant transactions has become increasingly prominent alongside the growth of the halal industry and rising public awareness of transactional justice based on Islamic principles. This study aims to formulate the theoretical and normative construction of consumer protection within the framework of Islamic law and to assess its compatibility with Indonesia’s positive legal system. Employing a normative juridical approach combined with a descriptive-analytical method, this research explores primary legal sources including Qur’anic verses, the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and scholarly opinions found in classical and contemporary fiqh al-mu‘āmalāt literature, as well as secondary legal sources such as Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, fatwas of the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and relevant academic literature. The analysis is conducted through content analysis to extract the values of justice, transparency, and balance of rights and obligations within contractual mechanisms. This study finds that core principles such as truthfulness (ṣidq), disclosure (bayān), and justice (‘adālah) constitute the essential foundation of consumer protection in the Islamic legal perspective. The prohibition of gharar (uncertainty), riba (usury), and tadlīs (fraudulent misrepresentation) is not merely a moral injunction but an integral safeguard mechanism for consumer rights. Furthermore, the institutional presence of supervisory bodies such as DSN-MUI and Sharia certification mechanisms has proven to be strategic, though they continue to face challenges in implementation, socialization, and consumer literacy. The findings also indicate a substantial opportunity for harmonizing Islamic legal principles with the national legal system within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening sectoral regulations based on Sharia principles, integrating fatwas into positive legal norms, and enhancing educational capacity for both business actors and consumers in order to realize ethical, equitable, and sustainable transactions.

This study aims to analyze the implications of business law on consumer protection in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that business law plays an important role in protecting consumers in e-commerce transactions. However, the effectiveness of existing laws and regulations is still questionable because there are still many cases of fraud and unfair business practices. Therefore, this study suggests the need for improvements to laws and regulations, increased consumer awareness, effective supervision, and cooperation between the government and business actors to improve consumer protection in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia.

This study examines consumer protection efforts against the distribution of hazardous illegal traditional herbal medicines in Serang City, Banten. The widespread circulation of such products—particularly those containing Chemical Drugs (Bahan Kimia Obat/BKO) and lacking distribution permits—poses a significant threat to public health. Between 2020 and 2025, the Inspection Division of the Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BBPOM) in Serang secured and destroyed approximately 706 items, totaling 6,841 units, with an estimated economic value of IDR 91,158,350. The research focuses on two main issues: the mechanisms for protecting consumers from dangerous illegal traditional herbal medicines in Serang City, and the role of BBPOM in supervising their circulation. Employing an empirical juridical method with a qualitative-descriptive approach, the study collected data through literature reviews, documentation, and interviews with BBPOM Serang officials. The findings indicate that consumer protection is carried out through both preventive and repressive measures. Preventive efforts involve pre-market and post-market supervision to ensure that products meet safety and regulatory standards before and after they enter the market. Repressive actions include law enforcement against violations, confiscation and destruction of illegal products, and the imposition of administrative and criminal sanctions on offenders. BBPOM Serang plays a pivotal role in monitoring illegal herbal medicines by conducting regular inspections, surveillance, and investigations of production and distribution facilities, as well as educating the public about the dangers of unsafe products. Nevertheless, supervision efforts are hindered by challenges such as low public awareness regarding product safety and economic pressures that drive some producers and sellers to ignore legal requirements. Strengthening collaboration between regulatory agencies, law enforcement, and community stakeholders is essential to improving consumer protection and ensuring the circulation of safe traditional herbal products in the region.

This research examines life insurance consumer rights and protection in Indonesia, given the growth of the industry and the complexity of insurance products. The background of the research highlights the gap between regulation and consumer protection practices. The research objective is to analyze the effectiveness of regulations and their implementation. The research method used is normative-empirical juridical, with analysis of laws and regulations and case studies. The research findings show that although the regulations are comprehensive (Law No. 8/1999, Law No. 40/2014, POJK), their implementation still faces obstacles, such as lack of information transparency, harmful standard clauses, and suboptimal supervision. The implication of this research is the need to strengthen regulations, consumer education, and increase the effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms to increase consumer confidence in the life insurance industry.

Consumer protection has been enforced through the regulation set forth in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK). Skincare in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth in recent years, alongside an increase in public awareness of the importance of self-care. However, this rapid growth has also brought about new challenges, particularly related to the phenomenon of overclaim in skincare. Overclaim refers to exaggerated claims about a product or service to attract consumers. This can lead to uncertainty among consumers and potentially undermine trust in skincare products. This study aims to identify this phenomenon, analyze its impact on the market and consumers, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations to enhance transparency and trust in the skincare industry in Indonesia. The research is conducted using normative legal research methods, with a legislative approach, and is analyzed descriptively. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide insights for the Indonesian public and minimize the actions of skincare owners engaging in overclaim practices.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of YLPK-RI in resolving unlawful acts as a consumer representative at the Gorontalo District Court. The legal basis for YLPK-RI in suing is the Consumer Protection Law No. 8 of 1999. The type of research method used by the researcher in this article is normative juridical by using data collection techniques in this study, namely through library research. The results obtained in this study are in the judge's decision, YLPK-RI is a legitimate and legally recognized institution to represent, defend and seek legal certainty for consumers who do not understand the law in accordance with written regulations. The presence of YLPK-RI certainly helps consumers in fighting against business actors who act arbitrarily towards consumers. However, the lawsuit filed by YLPK-RI was considered inadequate by the panel of judges due to the shortcomings of the parties, therefore the lawsuit from YLPK-RI was rejected by the panel of judges.  

This research studies consumer protection against the dangers of using mercury skincare for health, so that consumers, especially women, can be more careful in choosing and using skincare. Mercury is an ingredient that is often added to skincare ingredients that function to produce white facial skin quickly. Mercury can flow through the blood throughout the body which can cause death. However, many consumers among women are more easily tempted to use mercury-based skincare because they see instant results. Skincare made from mercury is strictly prohibited from use because of its content which can cause damage to organs and nerves of the body by a substance such as chemicals and cause abnormalities in the functioning of the health system. The purpose of this study is to analyse consumer protection against cases of skincare products containing mercury such as the case of lightening cream and night cream brand MH.    

This research addresses the problematic inclusion of exoneration clauses stipulating positive reviews for warranty claims on Shopee. While the prohibition of exoneration clauses is not explicitly articulated within statutory regulations, it may be inferred from Article 18 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection about prohibited standard clauses. Nevertheless, the practice of utilizing exoneration clauses, particularly those mandating positive reviews for warranty claims, persists, notably within the marketplace domain. This study adopts an empirical legal methodology, employing both primary and secondary data sources, which comprise primary and secondary legal materials. Data collection was executed through interviews utilizing a purposive sampling technique, and the data was subsequently subjected to qualitative analysis employing an interactive model. The research findings reveal the problematic nature of including exoneration clauses stipulating positive reviews for warranty claims on Shopee, specifically: the inadequate protection afforded to business actors, Shopee's suboptimal efforts in merchant curation, the non-fulfillment of contractual validity requirements, the ineffectiveness of Shopee's Warranty regulations, and the diminution of credibility within the review section.

This study aims to explore the practice of over-claiming in the skincare sector in Indonesia and its impact on consumers. With more and more products offering instant results in the absence of strong scientific evidence, consumers are often trapped in unrealistic expectations, which can jeopardise their health. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach to analyse exaggerated claims as well as consumer reactions to certain skincare products. The findings of this study show that this practice harms consumers both materially and in terms of trust in the beauty industry as a whole. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of stricter law enforcement against offending businesses, including influencers who promote products with misleading information. In accordance with the Consumer Protection Law, consumers are entitled to clear and precise information, which is even more important in an era of aggressive marketing. Therefore, existing regulations, such as those issued by BPOM, need to be more strictly enforced to maintain the safety and effectiveness of the products being sold. The study also recommends raising awareness and educating consumers about the risks that may arise from overuse of skincare products. With these measures, it is hoped that the skincare industry can establish a more transparent and fair market, as well as improve product quality and protection for consumers. This research also contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the skincare market and the importance of consumer protection in legal and health aspects.

Consumer dispute resolution in Indonesia is an increasingly relevant issue, considering the high dynamics of transactions that occur in the goods and services sector, including in the property sector. Consumers, as the weaker party in business transactions, often face problems related to the quality of goods/services received, delays, unilateral cancellations, or even failure in property development. Therefore, resolving consumer disputes is very important and requires adequate legal protection. This type of research is normative juridical research. Normative research is literature research by examining theoretical approaches and concepts that examine consumer disputes. Normative juridical research is legal research that places law as a building system of norms. Problems arise when consumers in good faith have paid all Down Payment obligations, but the business actor actually takes a unilateral decision to cancel the apartment construction project. Consumers who have invested funds amounting to IDR 307,530,900 are trying to get a refund, but the business actor does not show responsiveness and good faith in the refund process. This situation finally forced consumers to take legal action by filing a lawsuit with BPSK Medan City on December 5 2022. This case is a clear example of the application of consumer protection and the importance of BPSK as an alternative for resolving disputes outside of court. This decision also reflects the principles of justice and legal certainty in consumer disputes, where agreed consumers can obtain their rights through an arbitration mechanism.

This research aims to find out how the relevant regulations and governments in Indonesia and Malaysia work to protect consumers of open banking applications. The type of research used is normative legal research, prescriptive and applied in nature using deductive syllogism reasoning method analysis. The approach used is a statutory approach (statue approach) and comparative approach with primary legal materials including various types of laws and regulations regarding consumer protection in Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as secondary legal materials including books, journal articles, and official documents. The results show that there are differences in consumer protection in Indonesia and Malaysia which are analyzed through 4 (four) indicators, namely consumer protection regulations, consumer protection law enforcement agencies, consumer dispute resolution mechanisms, and open banking supervisory institutions.

This study compares the legal protection of pre-project selling property contracts in Indonesia and Singapore, focusing on the regulation of the position of PPJB, consumer protection, and the mechanism of transfer of ownership and payment. The approach used is normative with legislative and comparative methods, relying on primary and secondary legal materials through literature studies. Descriptive and comparative analysis reveal significant differences in the legal arrangements of the two countries. In Indonesia, Law No. 8 of 1999 and Law No. 1 of 2011 regulate pre-project selling through PPJB, but supervision is weak so that it often harms consumers, such as in the case of Meikarta. In contrast, Singapore has more detailed regulations, such as the Housing Developers (Control and Licensing) Act, which requires escrow accounts for consumer funds and strict payment schemes. Supervision and law enforcement in Singapore are more effective with strict sanctions against violations, reinforced by jurisprudence such as the Jurisprudence of Tan Eck Hong v Maxz Universal Development Group Pte Limited (2012) SGHC 240. This study concludes that legal protection in Singapore is more advanced than Indonesia, providing important recommendations for property law reform in Indonesia to prevent disputes and abuse in property transactions.

Technological advances have had a major impact on the development of tradelaw. This applies in Indonesia. Information and communication technology, especially the Internet, has changed the way trade is conducted from traditional to digital or e-commerce methods. Thiscreatestheneedfor legal regulationsthattakeintoaccountnewtrendssuch as personal data protection, electronic transaction security, the validity of digital documents, and consumer protection in the digital space. The enactment of the Electronic Transaction Information Law (UU ITE) and laws and regulations in the field of electronic commerce, such as Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 (PMSE), is clear evidence that trade law is adapting to technology. Furthermore, technological development also encourage the emergence of blockchain-based smart contracts, which require legal recognition and adaptation of their validity. However, the impact of this technology also creates challenges such as the digital divide, lack of legal literacy among SMEs, and challenges of cross-border law enforcement in international transactions. Therefore, building an inclusive, technologically sensitive, and adaptive commercial legal system requires synergy between regulators, economicactors, and the community.

The rapid advancements in technology and marketing strategies within the maritime industry present both opportunities and ethical challenges. While innovation enhances operational efficiency and consumer engagement, the absence of structured ethical frameworks can lead to privacy violations, regulatory breaches, and deceptive marketing practices. This study examines the role of ethical considerations in technology and marketing management within maritime leadership, emphasizing the need for structured ethical decision-making frameworks to ensure consumer protection, regulatory compliance, and corporate sustainability. This research provides original value by assessing the extent to which ethical principles are integrated into maritime business strategies, addressing gaps in previous research that primarily focuses on profitability over ethical governance. The study explores the following research questions: How do ethical considerations shape decision-making in maritime technology and marketing management? What challenges hinder the implementation of structured ethical frameworks? Using qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews with industry experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students were conducted, followed by thematic analysis and comparative evaluation. Findings indicate that while ethical decision-making enhances corporate reputation and regulatory compliance, industry-wide implementation remains inconsistent due to weak regulatory enforcement and corporate reluctance. The study concludes that integrating ethical frameworks into maritime leadership training and business education is essential for fostering responsible corporate governance, enhancing consumer trust, and ensuring long-term sustainability.

The standard agreement for the delivery of goods whose contents or clauses are made by business actors to avoid losses on another day and consumers only have the choice to accept or reject, thus making the position of business actors stronger while consumers are weakened. The UUPK itself does not prohibit the existence of an exoneration clause as long as it does not violate article 18 of the UUPK. The type of research is field research or Empirical Juridical research is carried out by starting from primary data obtained from the research site, the data collection technique is through literature studies and analyzed in a qualitative way, which is a discussion that is carried out by combining literature research and field research. The results of the research obtained in the study show that consumers have been protected by Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, If a dispute occurs and a family settlement has been carried out but there is no result or no peace occurs, then consumers can take legal action as stipulated in articles 24 and 25 of the UUPK regarding how the responsibility of business actors, in the resolution of consumer disputes is protected by article 45 of the UUPK concerning dispute resolution. Dispute resolution can be done through the court and out of court, out-of-court dispute resolution can be done by filing a claim for compensation or through the consumer dispute resolution agency (BPSK). As a legal consequence that occurs if there is a clause in the standard agreement that is null and void, even though the standard agreement containing an exoneration clause has been agreed before, the agreement cannot be considered valid because it contradicts one of the contents of article 1320, which is a halal cause, due to the transfer of responsibility.  

The Meikarta project as the "Shenzhen of Indonesia", is an ambitious initiative by the Lippo Group to develop a large property project in Cikarang, Bekasi Regency, West Java. Although it offers various modern facilities, this project faces various obstacles, including construction delays and uncertainty about the fate of consumers who have made payments. This problem is further complicated by allegations of violations of the law related to building permits (IMB) and non-compliance with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW), as well as bribery cases involving local government officials. This study aims to examine the legal protection provided to consumers in relation to the validity of agreements made in the Meikarta project, with a focus on the legal implications of unlawful acts and legal uncertainty due to corruption cases. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative legal approach, which examines applicable legal provisions, and an empirical approach, which examines how the law is applied in practice, as well as data collection techniques through case studies and legal literature. The results of the study indicate that there is abuse in the validity of contracts that are detrimental to consumers, as well as the negative impact of legal uncertainty caused by corrupt practices. Legal protection for consumers, including lawsuits and government intervention, is essential to prevent further losses. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the formation of better legal policies and more effective consumer protection in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine and analyze the form of fulfillment of consumer rights of IndiHome service provider users in the Laws and Regulations in Indonesia due to the FUP system and the responsibility of the IndiHome provider towards consumers due to the FUP system. This study is classified as normative research with a historical approach, comparative approach and conceptual approach. Legal materials are collected through document studies, then analyzed prescriptively. The results of the study indicate that consumer rights and the responsibilities of business actors, namely Indihome, have been regulated in Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Although it has been regulated in the Laws and Regulations, this situation is no longer effective because when an error occurs, Indihome can be released from its responsibility. For this reason, it is necessary to revise Article 27 letter b of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.

The Consumer Protection Law (UU 22/2020) has provided a legal basis for consumer protection in the banking industry.  The implementation of this law is important in the Islamic banking industry due to its consistency with sharia values which place justice and balance as the main principles.  The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the Consumer Protection Act in the Islamic banking industry and evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation.  This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study.  Data was collected through analysis of book literature and analysis of documents related to the implementation of the Consumer Protection Act.  The results of the study show how actual implementation of the Consumer Protection Law is in its operational procedures.  However, there are several challenges in implementation, such as the lack of awareness and understanding of customers about their rights, as well as a lack of adequate human resources and information technology to meet the requirements of the law.  This study recommends that Islamic banks increase consumer empowerment campaigns and invest in adequate human resources and information technology to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the Consumer Protection Act.  This is expected to increase customer confidence in the sharia banking industry and support sustainable industry growth.   

This article examines the important role of law in promoting economic development and ensuring the well-being of people in Indonesia. It analyzes the legal framework that governs economic activities, focusing on principles and regulations that facilitate economic growth, protect rights, and promote social justice. This article explores the evolution of Indonesia's legal system in response to economic challenges and opportunities, highlighting key laws and policies that have shaped the nation's economic landscape. This includes an analysis of the constitutional foundations of Indonesia's economic system, with a special emphasis on Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, which mandates a "people's economy" based on the principles of kinship, cooperative ownership, and state control over vital resources. Furthermore, this article discusses the challenges and prospects of using the law as a tool to achieve sustainable and inclusive economic development. It emphasizes the importance of legal certainty, regulatory efficiency, and the protection of public interests in fostering a conducive investment climate and promoting equitable economic growth. The article also discusses the role of law in addressing important issues such as environmental protection, labor rights, and consumer protection, highlighting the linkages between economic development and social welfare. By examining Indonesia's experience, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between law and economic development in the context of developing countries.