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Shrimp shell waste is a potential marine biomass resource rich in bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin and chitin, yet remains underutilized in the livestock sector. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating shrimp shell meal into duck (Anas sp.) feed rations on the yolk color intensity of duck eggs. The experimental design applied a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor and four treatments: D0 (100% rice bran, control), A1 (rice bran + 2% shrimp shell meal), A2 (rice bran + 6%), and A3 (rice bran + 10%), with a 21-day observation period. The primary parameter measured was yolk color intensity, assessed visually using a standardized color scale. The results indicated that the addition of shrimp shell meal significantly enhanced yolk color intensity, with the highest pigmentation observed in the A3 treatment. Astaxanthin, functioning as a natural carotenoid pigment, was biologically absorbed and distributed into the yolk via lipophilic pathways, while chitin supported gut health and nutrient absorption efficiency. This study aligns with the principles of the circular economy by valorizing marine processing waste as a functional feed ingredient. A 10% inclusion rate was found to be visually optimal; however, further studies are required to assess its physiological impacts and economic feasibility in broader production contexts.

Waste management in urban areas such as South Jakarta remains a major challenge, particularly at the household level. This study aims to examine the role of Bank Sampah Mekar Sari in implementing circular economy principles through community-based waste management. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings show that Bank Sampah Mekar Sari functions not only as a collection point for inorganic waste but also as a center for educating and empowering residents to sort and manage waste sustainably. The practices observed, such as household-level sorting, partnerships with recycling partners, and material reuse, reflect the core principles of the circular economy. In addition, collaboration among community members, local government, and the private sector contributes to the development of a participatory waste management ecosystem. This study recommends replicating similar models in other regions and highlights the importance of regulatory and institutional support in strengthening local waste management systems.

The Majapahit Surya Ornament is an ornament in the form of a sun decoration with a circular center and the outermost part forming the rays of the sun. The center is circular and has been divided into eight rooms with one room on the middle side. The Majapahit Surya Ornament is found in the Trowulan Museum and the Great Mosque of Demak. This ornament is a symbol of Hindu-Buddhist cosmology during the Majapahit era, which was adapted into a symbol of monotheism in the Islamic tradition during the Demak Sultanate. This study uses a three-form cultural approach: ideas, activities, and artifacts to analyze the transformation of ornaments in terms of philosophical meaning, social function, and physical form. The results of the study show that in the Trowulan Museum, this ornament is maintained in its original form to symbolize harmony and divine power, while in the Great Mosque of Demak, this ornament has undergone modifications in meaning and technique according to Islamic-Javanese values. This finding reveals the process of harmonious cultural acculturation between Hindu-Buddhist and Islam in Java, while also emphasizing the relevance of the Majapahit Surya ornament as a symbol of the rich and dynamic cultural heritage of the archipelago.

Aromatherapy candles made from used cooking oil represent an eco-friendly and economically valuable entrepreneurial innovation. This proposal presents the utilization of used frying oil as a base material in producing aromatherapy candles, aiming to support the circular economy concept and provide an alternative solution to environmental pollution. The product formulation combines paraffin, beeswax, and natural essential oils, offering relaxation and comfort while also opening up new business opportunities. SWOT analysis and marketing strategies based on the 4Ps (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) serve as the foundation for business development. The results of the study show that aromatherapy candle businesses have strong potential to attract consumer interest, especially among young people, and can deliver significant social, economic, and environmental impact.

This study examines the sustainable business strategies of Ichinogami, a creative MSME based in Jakarta, Indonesia, that specializes in environmentally friendly papercraft. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research explores how Ichinogami aligns its practices with the principles of the green economy and circular economy, contributing to the national agenda for sustainable MSMEs. The findings reveal that Ichinogami integrates eco-certified materials, digital innovation, and a cradle-to-cradle product design model that promotes waste reduction and material reuse. Additionally, the company employs an inclusive business model that emphasizes community empowerment, education, and cultural promotion through creative workshops and community-based marketing. Ichinogami’s strategic use of digital platforms and multi-channel distribution has also allowed it to maintain relevance in a competitive market while fostering customer loyalty and environmental awareness. The research highlights Ichinogami's role in promoting low-carbon entrepreneurship and its ability to scale environmental impact through product innovation and community collaboration. The study concludes that Ichinogami is a model for sustainable microenterprise development, though it must continue to address challenges such as limited production capacity and international market penetration.

The dissenting opinion phenomenon in Decision Number 12/G/2021/PTUN.GTO reflects the tension between the principle of legality and administrative practice in the dishonorable dismissal (PTDH) of Polri members. This study aims to analyze the legal position of dissenting opinions in the state administrative judicial system and assess the extent to which PTDH decisions reflect compliance with the principle of legality and general principles of good governance. This research uses juridical-normative method with conceptual approach and case study. The results of the study show that dissenting opinions function as judicial control over the potential for abuse of administrative authority, especially when the legal basis for PTDH refers to circular letters that do not have the binding force of laws and regulations. It is recommended that the PTDH mechanism prioritizes the principle of due process of law to ensure justice and legal certainty for members of the National Police who are subject to administrative sanctions.

This community service program aims to implement the concept of Sustainable Islamic Education through the utilization of kitchen waste into ecoenzyme-based soap at Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School in Waru, Surabaya. The primary issues addressed include the lack of proper organic waste management in pesantren environments, low ecological awareness, and limited entrepreneurial skills among students (santri). The program was carried out using participatory and educational approaches, involving university students, santri, teachers (ustadz), and the surrounding community. Activities included training on ecoenzyme production, natural soap making, Islamic-based environmental education, and the formation of an environmentally conscious student community. The results showed significant improvements in technical skills, environmental awareness, and social collaboration. The soap products created have the potential to be developed into a student-run micro-enterprise based on circular economy principles. This initiative not only offers an ecological solution to waste problems but also strengthens the role of pesantren in nurturing economically empowered and environmentally conscious change agents. The program is expected to serve as a transformative education model that can be replicated in other Islamic boarding schools.

This study diagnoses obstacles to transitioning to a circular economy in Iraq and analyzes opportunities for sustainable economic development. It employs a comprehensive descriptive analysis of economic, social, and environmental data related to the circular economy in Iraq. The findings reveal a decline in per capita economic growth in Iraq, dropping from 10.8% in 2016 to 4.3% in 2022, with some years experiencing negative growth. This decline stems from the economy's heavy reliance on the oil sector, which accounts for 61.1% of GDP, and insufficient infrastructure for clean production models and resource recycling. The study recommends effective government strategies to diversify away from oil dependence by developing sustainable agriculture, green industries, and eco-tourism. It stresses the need to invest in waste recycling and renewable energy projects and to offer tax incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Additionally, it concludes that collaboration with developed countries and international organizations could accelerate Iraq's transition to a circular economy, enhancing economic sustainability and improving living standards.

This study explores the transformative potential of sustainable business models (SBMs) in driving social and environmental value creation across industries. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research integrates qualitative interviews with 30 key informants and quantitative analysis of industry-specific data to provide comprehensive insights. The findings reveal that implementing SBMs leads to significant reductions in carbon emissions, improved resource efficiency, and enhanced stakeholder engagement. Key enablers include the adoption of circular economy principles and collaborative stakeholder strategies, while challenges such as regulatory inconsistencies and high initial investment costs persist. The results align with theoretical frameworks like the Triple Bottom Line and Resource-Based View, emphasizing the need for balanced economic, social, and environmental outcomes. This study concludes by offering actionable recommendations for policymakers and business leaders, including fostering inclusivity, enhancing policy clarity, and promoting innovation to overcome barriers. The findings contribute to advancing knowledge on sustainable practices and supporting global sustainability initiatives.

Community-based waste management in military housing areas, particularly within the environment of Markas Komando Pasukan Khusus (Makopassus), still faces several challenges. This service initiative aims to enhance the participation of the Army Wives Association (Persit) members of Kopassus in the Waste Bank program through the optimization of communication strategies. The method employed is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which actively involves the community in all stages of the activity, from problem identification to evaluation. Activities were carried out through outreach, technical training, online and offline communication campaigns, and participatory evaluations. The results show significant changes, including the formation of a Waste Bank working group, improved household waste sorting behavior, the emergence of local leaders from among Persit members, and the growth of collective awareness toward circular economy-based waste management. These findings confirm that communication strategies tailored to the audience's characteristics and based on community-centered approaches can effectively drive social change within military environments. This program holds the potential for replication in similar communities to support sustainable development through community empowerment.

Approximately 35.4% of the Asian population suffers from Tinea corporis, a superficial dermatophyte fungal infection that attacks hairless skin such as the face, arms, and legs. This dermatophyte causes symptoms in the form of circular lesions with active red and scaly edges and a calmer center. This case involved a 12-year-old girl who came to the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic of Fauziah Bireun Hospital with complaints of reddish spots on her body that had lasted for eight months. The lesions were accompanied by itching, especially when sweating or in hot conditions, but improved after bathing. The clinical diagnosis showed Tinea corporis. The therapy given was 2% ketoconazole cream applied twice a day and systemic treatment with 200 mg itraconazole and 10 mg cetirizine. This management aims to overcome fungal infections, reduce symptoms, and prevent recurrence. Patient education regarding personal hygiene and prevention of skin moisture is an important part of therapy.

Pollution of hydrocarbons in marine waters was recorded up to 2003 around 6.44 million tons and dominant due to the results of fishery port activities to cause the balance of coastal ecosystems disrupted. The drained state funds for its handling can reach 1000 USD per ton up to 33,000 USD in each region. Various efforts have been made is still not effective enough. The purpose of this program is to get the appropriate technology design in overcoming the problem of hydrocarbon pollution in the fishing port. The method used by literature and field study and a series of testing tools. The solution is called MABOA (Magic Briquette Oil Absorbent) is a technology that is applied aplikatif appropriate to overcome the problem of oil pollution in the port area. This tool is a net with the main components of magic briquettes, auto-spray containing bacteria degradation and microcontroller which as a whole has the ability to absorb and degrade hydrocarbon compounds. The circular MABOA net will prevent the expansion of the oil spill zone by the absorption process by magic briquettes. Pseudomonas puttidae and Bacillus sp. In auto-spray will be automatically sprayed over the surface of the spill zone to perform the decomposition of hydrocarbon compounds. Bacteria will grow and utilize hydrocarbons that have been absorbed and accumulated in the body of magic briquettes so that the cleaning process becomes more effective and faster. Results from a series of trials showed that MABOA with 3meter diameter dimension able to absorb hydrocarbon compound as much as 35.000mL with 3-5min time absorption rate and with density of colonies of bacteria 3,5x109 able to degrade 32% of existing hydrocarbon compound with efficiency time 3-7 days. The data is an accumulation of those component test result data.

This study aims to reveal the creative process behind the creation of the Bayu Akasa instrument, an organological innovation based on bamboo by contemporary artist Mugiyono Kasido. Through a qualitative approach using case study methods, this study examines two crucial stages in the creation of the work, namely the material exploration phase and the experimentation with physical techniques. Data was collected through in-depth observation of the subject's performance, documentation of the rehearsal process, and interviews regarding the philosophical and technical aspects of sound production. The results of the study show that: (1) The material exploration stage produced a 2-meter-long aerophone instrument made of petung bamboo with a diameter of 5.9–7.9 inches, designed with an integral three-part system; (2) The experimentation with playing techniques focused on mastering circular breathing or ngunjal, which enables the production of continuous meditative drone sounds without pause; (3) This innovation represents a blurring of the boundaries between choreographic and musical aspects, in which the instrument is no longer treated as a static object but as a somatic extension of the artist's body. These findings confirm that Bayu Akasa is not just an ordinary wind instrument, but a representation of space (Akasa) and breath (Bayu) manifested in a radical performative unity. This research contributes to the development of contemporary organology based on local materials in Indonesia.

This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with thermal optimization in Waste-to-Energy (WtE) systems to enhance both energy recovery and emission control. Introduction: The growing need for sustainable urban waste management has highlighted the importance of optimizing WtE systems. AI technologies, including machine learning and deep learning, have shown potential in improving the efficiency of WtE processes, especially in reducing emissions and enhancing energy recovery. Literature Review: Previous research indicates that AI has been successfully applied to various WtE technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration, yet the integration of AI specifically for thermal optimization remains underexplored. Most studies focus on predictive models for emission reduction rather than real time thermal optimization. Materials and Method: The study proposes the development of an AI-driven framework that integrates real time data collection from IoT sensors, predictive modeling, and real time control algorithms. The system optimizes key parameters such as combustion temperature and fuel flow to enhance energy recovery and minimize emissions. The method includes data collection from operational WtE plants, followed by model development using machine learning algorithms. Results and Discussion: Initial simulations and pilot testing showed significant improvements in energy efficiency and emission reduction. AI-driven systems outperformed conventional WtE systems by optimizing operational parameters in real time. The study identifies gaps in AI integration for thermal optimization and suggests future research directions, including the integration of AI with smart grids and carbon credit systems for more sustainable WtE operations.

Suboptimal waste management in Kalijoso Village, Secang District, Magelang Regency, is a critical issue that impacts environmental sustainability and public health. The inefficiency of conventional waste disposal methods has led to increased waste accumulation, soil and water pollution, and the spread of diseases, which has significant consequences for local communities. To address these challenges, the local government and community organizations have embraced the principles of the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) through a transformation of traditional waste disposal sites (TPS) into 3R TPS. The new approach focuses on sustainable waste management practices that reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. One of the key strategies implemented is educational outreach to raise awareness about the importance of waste segregation and recycling. Additionally, training programs have been conducted to teach the community how to process organic waste, particularly through the cultivation of maggots using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. This method not only helps reduce the volume of organic waste but also provides a practical solution for transforming waste into valuable resources. The maggots cultivated during the demonstration are used as animal feed, which creates a sustainable circular economy within the community. Furthermore, composting organic waste results in high-quality compost that supports local agricultural activities. This has added economic value by reducing the need for chemical fertilizers, while simultaneously improving soil health. The role of the Salakan Hamlet Youth Organization has been instrumental in this initiative. They have successfully managed a waste bank, providing an organized and systematic approach to waste collection and recycling. This initiative has fostered a sense of community responsibility and has not only improved waste management practices but also contributed to the overall economic development of the village.

Garbage become problem complex in life urban areas , especially in Medan as Mother city North Sumatra Province . Research This analyze impact management Trash in Place Disposal End (TPA) Terjun , Medan Marelan District , regarding environment surrounding area . Method study use approach qualitative with technique observation , interviews , and studies documentation . Research results show that TPA Terjun has​ area 14 hectares Not yet managed optimally , with the dominant open dumping system . The impacts that arise covering groundwater pollution , pollution​ air , disturbance aesthetics , as well as improvement vector disease . Findings This reinforced by BPS data (2018) which shows density Medan 's population reached 8,342 people /km², correlated with high volume of waste . Research This recommend implementation system management rubbish integrated based on principle health environment and economy circular For reduce impact negative .

Study This contains about the detection of circular object images. The circular object tested is the moon image object, the moon image was chosen because the moon image has various moon shapes, namely the full moon, half moon and crescent moon. To detect the shape of the circular object image, several stages are carried out by starting the image segmentation process. (1) The segmentation process using the bi-level thresholding method makes the image black and white, (2) after that the image is repaired with the morphological process of the opening and closing methods. (3) For training data, the shape extraction process is carried out, namely the circular nature of the object (circularity) to determine the roundness of an object. For the testing process, the same process is also carried out as the process of obtaining circular image detection.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of circular economy in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Food & Beverage (F&B) sector. The focus of the research is on the implementation of circular economy practices that include waste management, use of sustainable raw materials, environmentally friendly packaging, energy and water efficiency, and food waste reduction strategies. The research method used a descriptive quantitative approach with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire distributed through Google Form.

The present study targets carrying out an analysis of economic and environmental returns as an effect of the adoption of a circular economy in Italy. Some of the key concepts it focuses on are promotion of private circular investment, export of recyclable material, use of circular material, eco-innovation, material footprint, and contribution of renewable energy to the total energy. The present study is supported by the systematic analysis of international data related to the role of circular economy in increasing economic efficiency and reducing environmental costs. The results highlight that private circular investment is highly relevant for the creation of new opportunities for economic development and supporting new, innovative sectors, such as recycling technologies. The results also underlined that eco-innovation plays a crucial role in improving resource efficiency, material footprint reduction, and renewable energy. The study confirms that the circular economy can be a strategic opportunity for Italy to further contribute to renewable energy and to reduce its imported natural resources dependence in a way that is both sustainable and economically competitive. The present study provides valuable insights for decision-makers and policymakers to promote circular economy strategies at national and international levels.

The problem that arises is the use of transaction value as the basis for BPHTB calculations. The provisions governing the basis for BPHTB calculations are the transaction value. The use of transaction value as the basis for BPHTB calculations often causes problems in the field, because it is not uncommon for the transaction value submitted by taxpayers to be considered inappropriate by tax officials, so that when validation is carried out, it is not uncommon for officers to request that the transaction value be changed and adjusted according to the assessment. tax. This research is of a Notmative Juridical nature with the research object being the BPHTB for land sale and purchase transactions. That the legal certainty regarding the provisions for BPHTB calculations for land sale and purchase transactions regarding discrepancies between the NJOP in the Land Sale and Purchase Deed and the actual land price is that the BPHTB calculation is calculated from the NJOP PBB value stated in the SPPT PBB. The government, to provide guarantees of legal certainty regarding BPHTB, then issued a Circular Letter to the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia number: 05 /SE/IV/2003 concerning Registration of Land Rights or Registration of Land Rights related to the implementation of Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levy, which is addressed to heads of land offices throughout Indonesia. In order for there to be certainty in the payment of BPHTB, it is necessary to determine the exact value as the basis for calculating BPHTB by the authorized agency, for example by using the Value Selling Land and Building Tax Tax Objects (NJOP PBB) as outlined in the Land and Building Tax Debt Notification Letter. Building (SPPT PBB), or its value determined by the authorized agency.