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In the digital era, YouTube has become a powerful platform for sharing knowledge, shaping perspectives, and encouraging critical engagement. This study explores how multimodal elements—verbal, visual, and audio—construct meaning in the educational video “Kalau Kamu Mau Punya Critical Thinking, Jangan Skip Obrolan Ini!” from the Suara Berkelas channel. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research interprets how these modes work together to support critical thinking. Data were collected through video observation, transcription, and documentation of multimodal features, then analyzed thematically using Kress and van Leeuwen’s multimodal framework and Facione’s critical thinking model. The findings show that the verbal mode structures logical arguments and rhetorical appeals, the visual mode emphasizes meaning through gestures, expressions, and text overlays, while the audio mode builds emotional engagement through tone, pauses, and background music. Together, these modes create a coherent and persuasive discourse that not only informs but also invites viewers to reflect critically. The study contributes theoretically to the understanding of multimodality in digital education and practically provides insights for educators and content creators to design more interactive, reflective, and engaging educational content.

This study explores the use of Leech's politeness maxims and the cost-benefit principle in LinkedIn comments about job postings, aiming to understand how job seekers maintain politeness when pursuing job opportunities in a professional digital environment. The research objects used were comments in 5 job postings. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the comments on the LinkedIn platform were analysis and classified based on the 6 maxims proposed by Leech: Tact Maxim, Generosity maxim, Approbation Maxim, Modesty Maxim, Agreement Maxim and Sympathy Maxim. The findings showed that out of a total of 31 data found, the Tact Maxim (32%) was the most common, followed by Approbation Maxim (16%), Generosity maxim (13%), Modesty Maxim (13%), Agreement Maxim (3,2%) and Sympathy Maxim (3,2%). Further cost-benefit analysis revealed that most of the comments showed a lack of politeness, focusing only on personal benefits without providing benefits to the interlocutor.

The study titled “Judges’ Speech Acts in Handling Criminal Cases at the Gorontalo District Court” aims to describe the forms, functions, and meanings of speech acts used by judges in leading court sessions. The introduction emphasizes the importance of language in judicial processes to establish effective, fair, and authoritative communication among judges, defendants, prosecutors, and legal counsels. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach. Data were collected through direct observation, documentation, and transcription of court proceedings. The analysis is based on Austin and Searle’s speech act theory, which includes locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. The results show that judges use various types of speech acts, such as directive, declarative, representative, and expressive acts. Illocutionary acts, particularly commands, questions, and assertions, are the most dominant. Their functions are not only to direct the course of the trial but also to maintain order, emphasize legal aspects, and clarify understanding among the parties involved. In conclusion, judges’ speech acts serve as strategic communicative tools with pragmatic power that influence the course of the trial and determine the effectiveness and fairness of the judicial process.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made it a part of the teens' routine, but the intensity of its use raises concerns about mental health. This study aims to analyze the pattern of AI utilization and its impact on stress, anxiety, and depression in students of St. Petrus Medan High School using the framework of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), namely competence, autonomy, and connectedness). The research was conducted with a quantitative approach through a survey of 64 students using a total sampling technique, equipped with focused group discussions (FGDs) and literature review. The results show that more than 70% of students use AI on a regular basis, mainly through chatbots (81%) and social media (73%). Some students (35.9%) also use AI as a means of venting. Although 85.9% of respondents found AI to be helpful, the majority (59.3%) reported feeling inferior as a result of comparing themselves to AI results. These findings reveal a psychological paradox, where AI is perceived as a solution as well as a source of pressure. This condition has the potential to trigger stress and anxiety, although depressive symptoms do not yet appear to be dominant. This research emphasizes the importance of healthy digital literacy as well as mentoring from schools and parents to reduce the risk of AI addiction and maintain adolescent mental well-being.

Social media has transformed communication patterns, with TikTok emerging as a platform where interactions are highly expressive and multimodal. This study examines the role of emojis as politeness strategies in the comments section of TikTok influencers, focusing on how these visual symbols help maintain harmonious digital communication. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the researchers analyzed 20 emoji-containing comments from a high-engagement influencer video. The data were interpreted through Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, supplemented by the concept of multimodality. The findings indicate that emojis significantly support both positive and negative politeness strategies. Positive politeness was dominant (around 70%), often realized through empathy, humor, and solidarity-building emojis, while negative politeness was achieved through hedging, apologies, and respectful cues. Emojis also frequently softened bald-on-record statements and enabled off-record indirectness. The study concludes that emojis are crucial in enhancing politeness, enriching emotional expression, and fostering a sense of community in TikTok interactions, highlighting their importance in the evolving landscape of digital sociolinguistics.

The poem “Mayat Politik Ditutupi Koran Pagi” by Afrizal Malna presents sharp social and political criticism through the use of irony and complex metaphors. This study aims to examine how these two linguistic devices are employed to reveal the socio-political realities of post-reform Indonesia. Using a stylistic approach, the research explores the forms, functions, and meanings of irony and metaphor that appear within the poem’s structure. The analysis shows that irony serves to express dissatisfaction and satire toward political conditions that appear orderly but are actually filled with deception and manipulation. Meanwhile, metaphor provides a symbolic depiction of the role of mass media as an instrument of power that conceals the true political reality behind public discourse. Through the interplay of these two stylistic elements, Afrizal Malna succeeds in presenting a poetic representation of society’s anxiety over media domination and the blurring line between truth and political interest. This study is expected to enhance the understanding of literature’s role as a reflective and critical medium in uncovering the relationship between language, power, and ideology within Indonesia’s socio-political dynamics.

This study examines the strategic role of euphemism in Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, arguing that it was instrumental not only in managing collective grief but also in preserving the nation’s symbolic dignity. While much scholarship on the Gettysburg Address has concentrated on rhetorical artistry or historical significance (Wills, 1992; White, 2009), relatively few have analyzed it through the combined lens of sociolinguistics, specifically euphemism and face-work. Drawing on Allan and Burridge’s (2006) framework of euphemism and Goffman’s (1955) theory of face, this paper situates Lincoln’s speech within the broader sociolinguistic processes of healing, unity, and image restoration. Through a qualitative textual analysis, the study identifies three dominant euphemistic strategies: sanctification of sacrifice through sacred language, collectivization through inclusive pronouns, and redefinition of crisis as a “new birth of freedom.” These strategies operated at semantic, pragmatic, and sociopolitical levels to protect national face, transform perceptions of the Civil War, and realign public consciousness toward unity and resilience. Beyond historical interpretation, this research highlights the relevance of euphemism and face-work in contemporary political communication. Leaders in modern contextsfrom economic crises to global pandemics continue to rely on euphemistic  framing to manage uncertainty and inspire solidarity. By revisiting Lincoln’s address through this sociolinguistic perspective, the study demonstrates how language can simultaneously mitigate trauma, construct identity, and articulate a hopeful collective future.

This research explores the application of literary formulas in Brandon Sanderson’s novel Mistborn: The Final Empire. The research aims to identify the specific narrative formulas employed within the novel’s structure and to map the pattern by which these formulas are integrated to create its compelling narrative. Using a qualitative approach, the study applies Cawelti’s literary formulas and Vogler’s stages of the journey to analyze key scenes, dialogues, passages, and plot events. Data collection involved close reading and detailed note-taking. The findings show that Mistborn integrates three formulas: adventure, mystery, and romance, into the narrative. By mapping the protagonist’s journey onto Vogler’s twelve stages, the study shows a clear pattern where the adventure formula drives the main plot, the mystery intellectually engages the reader, and the romance provides emotional depth. These findings help explain the narrative appeal of the novel and offer a useful framework for understanding how fantasy stories are structurally composed. The study demonstrates how traditional storytelling formulas can be used to create rich and engaging narratives in modern fantasy literature.

The advances in the movie industry have led to the rapid rise of streaming platforms, becoming increasingly popular among people. With countries around the world constantly producing movies, subtitles play an essential role in making films more accessible to a broader audience. Subtitling strategies can be defined as a translation practice involving the display of written text, usually at the bottom of the screen, to convey the original dialogues of the speakers and the information contained in the soundtrack. This study uses data from the lk21 website and analyzes it using Gottlieb’s subtitling strategies theory, which consists of ten specific methods for audiovisual translation: Expansion, Paraphrase, Transfer, Imitation, Transcription, Deletion, Dislocation, Condensation, Decimation, and Resignation. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted in this study with observation, classification, and note-taking of each subtitle, suitable for the research, and describing the subtitling strategies applied in the movie. The findings show that seven strategies were applied in the Indonesian subtitles, namely paraphrase, transfer, condensation, imitation, deletion, dislocation, and expansion. Among them, paraphrase emerged as the most frequently used strategy, likely because figurative or culture-specific expressions in the source text often required adaptation to preserve their meaning for Indonesian viewers. On the other hand, expansion was identified as the least applied strategy, suggesting that the original dialogues rarely demanded additional explanation. Overall, the strategic use of these methods contributed to producing subtitles that were coherent, culturally adapted, and highly accessible to the target audience.

Learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) requires structured, communicative, and internationally standardized teaching materials. One widely used teaching material is Sahabatku Indonesia Level 4, which is intended for the intermediate level. The urgency of this research lies in the importance of ensuring that the teaching materials not only convey language formally, but also align with the needs of learners' communicative competence and recognized standards, such as the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) level B2 and the Indonesian Language Proficiency Test (UKBI). The purpose of this research is to evaluate the structure and linguistic aspects of the Sahabatku Indonesia Level 4 teaching materials by reviewing the integration of the material, clarity of discourse, vocabulary diversity, and grammatical accuracy used. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data were analyzed using an evaluation rubric based on CEFR B2 and UKBI components. The focus of the analysis includes the integration of presentation between units, the logical flow of learning, and the consistency of language use in supporting receptive and productive skills. The results show that the material presentation structure reflects a logical, progressive learning sequence and supports language skill mastery. The language elements used are generally appropriate for the intermediate level, although discrepancies were still found, such as the use of irrelevant illustrations and inconsistent language style. Furthermore, the syntactic complexity in some sections still needs to be adjusted to align with the abilities of B2 learners. 

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of foreign language learning and its impact on their readiness to enter the international job market. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through questionnaires distributed to 100 students from various study programs across multiple faculties. The study explored students’ experiences in learning foreign languages, including perceived challenges, motivations, and the effectiveness of teaching strategies applied in the classroom. The findings indicate that foreign language proficiency has a positive correlation with students’ confidence levels, especially when facing cross-border professional challenges, international collaboration, and communication with global stakeholders. Students reported that while foreign language learning at the university is generally effective, there are areas for improvement, particularly regarding the integration of real-world contexts, industry-specific vocabulary, and interactive practice opportunities. Furthermore, the study revealed that students value opportunities for cultural exposure, international internships, and collaboration with foreign peers as part of their learning experience. Based on these findings, universities are recommended to adopt strategies such as curriculum integration, practice-based teaching methods, interdisciplinary projects, and strengthening international partnerships to better prepare students for global employment. The study concludes that foreign language mastery is not only a linguistic skill but also an essential social, cultural, and professional capital that enhances graduates’ competitiveness in the global job market. Ultimately, developing comprehensive language skills, combined with intercultural competence, will equip students with the adaptability, confidence, and communication abilities required to thrive in diverse international work environments.

Divine love is the ultimate goal of human life and occupies the highest maqam in the spiritual journey. This love begins from self-love that grows because it always remembers the Creator (Allah), then dissolves in dhikr and deep spiritual contemplation, until a person begins to let go of his attachment to the world and prefers closeness to Allah. Love for Allah is a deep mental condition, in which the beloved (human) is willing to open the veil of his ego in order to welcome the presence of the true Lover (Allah). In this context, Jalaluddin Rumi's thinking is particularly relevant, especially when viewed philosophically as to how Divine love becomes possible to grow in a person. It can also be seen as an answer to the disruptive attempts of Western thought that tend to separate spirituality and human existence. Morality is a principle that is closely related to good and bad in human behavior. Human actions are inseparable from moral judgment, whether they are right or wrong, good or bad. Humans as spiritual beings have an awareness of the meaning and purpose of life, different from other beings who, although intelligent, do not have an existential dimension and transcendent consciousness. This awareness is the basis for the emergence of moral responsibility and the search for the true meaning of life. 

This study aims to explain the effectiveness of using ChatGPT version 3.5 on advanced writing production in Tendances A2, Unit 7, Learning 2, with the topic “Demander une autorisation” (Requesting Permission) for fourth-semester students of the French Language Education Program at Unimed. The issue addressed in this study is the lack of students' mastery of vocabulary and sentence structure, as well as the fact that ChatGPT has never been used as a learning medium in the advanced writing course. This issue is reflected in the students’ pre-test score, which was 32—still below the minimum passing score (KKM) of 75. The method employed in this research is an experimental method using a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The study population consisted of all 17 students from Class B of the 2023 academic year. To analyze the effectiveness of the media used, several stages were carried out: pre-test, treatment, and post-test. 

This study aims to explore expressive illocutionary acts in the film The Perks of Being a Wallflower, focusing on the types and functions that appear in the interactions between the characters. Expressive illocutionary acts, as part of pragmatic studies, play an important role in representing emotions, attitudes, and social relationships between speakers. This study was conducted to identify in detail twelve types of expressive illocutionary acts and their four accompanying functions, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the dynamics of communication in the film. This study uses a qualitative approach with documentation and observation methods of the film's dialogue. Data analysis was carried out through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, to obtain a systematic picture of the pattern of expressive illocutionary acts. The results show that all twelve types of expressive illocutionary acts are found in the film, with the expression "thank you" as the most dominant form. This reflects the film's main theme, which emphasizes the value of friendship, emotional support, and gratitude between characters. In contrast, the expression "regret" is the least used type. 

This study explores the metaphor of life in Colleen Hoover’s novel Reminders of Him, aiming to identify the types of linguistic metaphors and analyze the conceptual metaphors that underlie them. Based on Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, which classifies metaphors into structural, ontological, and orientational categories, this study highlights the role of metaphor as a cognitive tool, not merely a stylistic device. A qualitative method was employed, with data collected using AntConc software by focusing on parts of the novel containing the word “life.” The Metaphor Identification Procedure was applied to identify linguistic metaphors, which were then categorized based on the word class of the lexical units that were used metaphorically. The results of this study show four types of linguistic metaphors involving the noun “life”: nominal, verbal, adjectival, and prepositional. These forms portray life as a physical object, a process, a possessed attribute, or a container. These linguistic metaphors reflect eight conceptual metaphors, including five ontological metaphors (life is ownership, life is a container, life is an entity, life is air, life is a place) and three structural metaphors (life is a machine, life is a journey, life is a challenge). The diversity of these conceptual metaphors illustrates the rich representation of life in the novel.  

This study investigates the use of lexical hedges by male and female characters in the animated film “Tinker Bell” (2008), focusing on differences in variation and communicative functions based on gender. The analysis employs Lakoff’s theory of women’s language and Holmes' framework of language functions. A qualitative descriptive method was used, with data collected through documentation and audio-visual observation from the film’s transcript. The results also indicate that although both genders employ lexical hedges, female characters tend to demonstrate a broader range of forms and functions. The findings highlight how hedges not only reflect gendered communication styles but also contribute to character development and narrative flow within the film. This study contributes to understanding gendered communication patterns in animated media and how they reflect broader sociolinguistic dynamics.

This study is aim to find out the significant effect of using grammar racing game to the students’ grammar score (simple present tense)  and the students’ interest toward grammar racing as media in teaching grammar for the Students of Elementary School Education Teacher Program In University of Palangka Raya. The study includes in Quantitative Paradigm with Experimental Design. The researcher designed the Lesson Plan, conducted the treatment and observed the students’ score by pretest and posttest. The population of study was at the first semester students which consisted of three classes. The researcher chose 1A as sample. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique. After getting the data that were from pretest and posttest, the researcher analyzed the data using ttest formula to test the hypothesis stated based on the result of analysis, it was found that the value of tobserved = 8.677 and the ttable =2.03. It showed that the tobserved was higher than the ttable and to answer the second alternative hypotheses research used questionnaire there are 94 % of 43 students of 1A was interest toward grammar racing game as media in teaching grammar. The result of testing hypothesis determined that the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) stating that there was significant effect of using grammar racing game toward student’s grammar score of Elementary School Education Teacher Program was accepted and Ho stating that there was no significant effect of using grammar racing toward student’s grammar score was rejected.

The Qur'an, as the greatest miracle revealed to the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, possesses a linguistic excellence unmatched by Arab writers, both during and after the revelation. The beauty of its sentence structure, rhetorical power, and the depth of meaning in each sentence make the Qur'an an authentic proof of the Prophet's prophethood. Among the prominent linguistic characteristics in the Qur'an is the use of the istifham style interrogative sentences, which in the science of balaghah is included in the branch of ma'ani. Interrogative sentences in the Qur'an are not always intended to ask for answers, but often contain rhetorical intent that strengthens arguments, raises awareness, or even touches the psychological aspects of the reader. 

This study investigated the implementation and effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in enhancing the English reading skills of tenth-grade students at an Indonesian senior high school. The research was motivated by the persistent gap left by traditional language teaching methods, which frequently emphasize grammatical accuracy and vocabulary memorization while often neglecting the development of practical reading abilities. To address this issue, the study systematically examined the application of TBLT through three structured phases: pre-reading, main reading, and post-reading tasks. Each phase was designed to promote active learning, critical thinking, and student engagement in the reading process. The methodology involved classroom observations, task-based instructional activities, and an analysis of student exam scores as the primary indicators of progress. During the pre-reading phase, students were encouraged to activate prior knowledge and predict content, which helped build contextual understanding. In the main reading phase, tasks focused on developing essential reading strategies such as skimming for general ideas and scanning for specific information. 

This study analyzes Kompas.com’s news coverage of the Papua conflict and human rights issues during the 2024 Presidential Debate to examine media neutrality through Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) integrated with Teun A. Van Dijk’s model. The analysis covers three dimensions: micro (text), meso (discursive practice), and macro (social practice), using a qualitative descriptive method. Data from 21 news excerpts reveal that social and political contexts are clearly represented, focusing on the strategies of the three presidential candidates in addressing human rights and conflict issues in Papua. The findings highlight the importance of realizing the Papua-related commitments made during the debate by the elected president, given the rising trend of violence and the unresolved justice issues in the region. The study demonstrates that media coverage, even by a leading news outlet such as Kompas.com, carries the potential to influence public perception regarding sensitive political and social issues. At the micro level, the language and lexical choices in the news articles often convey subtle ideological positions, including the framing of human rights violations and conflict events, which may reflect both explicit and implicit biases. At the meso level, discursive practices, including editorial decisions, headline constructions, and sourcing patterns, contribute to the shaping of narratives, highlighting certain aspects of the candidates’ statements while minimizing others. Meanwhile, at the macro level, the broader societal and political context, including historical grievances, regional tensions, and national political dynamics, provides the backdrop against which news coverage is produced and consumed, indicating the complex interplay between