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Word-of-Mouth (WOM) communication plays a vital role in shaping the perception of tourism destinations and significantly influences tourists' decision-making processes. This is particularly true for Generation Z, a demographic cohort characterized by their high digital literacy, constant connectivity, and strong preference for authentic and unique experiences. Generation Z travelers tend to rely heavily on WOM, both traditional and digital (e-WOM), when selecting travel destinations, as they value peer recommendations over conventional advertising. One of the destinations that has gained popularity among this generation is Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK), a rapidly developing coastal area known for its vibrant atmosphere, modern attractions, and aesthetic appeal suitable for social media sharing.This study aims to examine the impact of WOM communication on the satisfaction and overall tourism experience of Generation Z visitors at PIK. The research adopts a quantitative approach using survey methods to collect data from Generation Z tourists who have visited PIK. Variables measured include the source and credibility of WOM, the influence of WOM on decision-making, perceived value, satisfaction, and the quality of the tourism experience.The findings are expected to provide insights into how WOM shapes tourist behavior, enhances destination satisfaction, and contributes to memorable tourism experiences among Generation Z. Furthermore, the study aims to offer recommendations for destination marketers and tourism stakeholders to effectively leverage WOM as a strategic tool in promoting destinations and engaging young travelers in meaningful ways.

This study investigates the profound impact of the protracted humanitarian crisis in the conflict zone of Syam on the mental health of healthcare professionals, employing a systematic meta-analytical approach across 47 independent studies (N = 12,487) published between 2011 and 2023. The findings reveal an alarmingly high prevalence of burnout, reaching 78.3% (95% CI [75.2–81.4]), with emotional exhaustion recorded as the most dominant dimension (M = 3.89; SD = 0.76). Additionally, secondary trauma was identified in 65.7% of all respondents (95% CI [62.4–69.0]), with the primary symptoms manifesting as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 44.2% and depression at 39.8%. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that the duration of exposure to conflict (β = 0.42; p < 0.001) and the intensity of workload (β = 0.38; p < 0.001) served as significant predictors of burnout. Meanwhile, the lack of psychosocial support (OR = 2.34; 95% CI [1.89–2.79]) and critical resource scarcity (OR = 1.98; 95% CI [1.65–2.31]) were strongly correlated with the emergence of secondary trauma among healthcare professionals. Furthermore, diverging from the more individualistic frameworks employed in the studies of Bdaiwi et al. (2020) and Bou-Karroum et al. (2020), this research explores the intricate entanglement of organizational and situational determinants that concurrently shape the mental health landscape of medical personnel operating in the Syam conflict zone. Moreover, the study's original contribution lies in identifying resilience adaptation patterns observed in 34.2% of participants, revealing that endurance capacity was cultivated through collective coping strategies and close peer support. According to the researchers, this study offers a new lens for designing community-based psychological interventions that are both sustainable and contextually grounded for healthcare providers affected by the protracted armed conflict in Syam.

This study aims to examine the role of leaders in group counseling dynamics through a literature review approach. In group guidance practices, leaders serve not only as technical facilitators but also as catalysts who shape healthy and productive interaction structures. The literature review reveals that leadership effectiveness is strongly influenced by interpersonal competence, the guidance strategies employed, and sensitivity to the diverse backgrounds of group members. Techniques such as sociodrama and reflection, along with approaches like Gestalt, Transactional Analysis, and Solution-Focused Brief Counseling (SFBC), have been proven to significantly enhance group dynamics. Additionally, ongoing training is a strategic measure to strengthen leaders’ capacity in managing groups effectively. Therefore, adaptive, empathetic, and reflective leaders play a crucial role in fostering a supportive and transformative group climate.

Understanding geometric concepts is an essential part of the mathematics learning process in elementary school. However, many fifth-grade students face challenges in grasping these concepts due to monotonous and less interactive learning media. These difficulties contribute to students' low comprehension of geometric concepts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of interactive media in strengthening students' understanding of geometric concepts in elementary school. The research employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation. The findings reveal that less interactive teaching methods, the lack of concrete learning media, and an unconducive learning environment are the main factors hindering students' understanding. Increasing student participation and facilitating their comprehension of geometric concepts can be achieved by implementing interactive media such as digital simulations, animated videos, and educational games. Thus, interactive media can enhance students' learning motivation and create a more enjoyable learning atmosphere. By integrating interactive media into the mathematics learning process, students are expected to become more actively engaged, focused, and able to understand geometric concepts more effectively.

This analysis aims to draw attention to the necessity of improving military-civilian interactions in order to promote peace in Borno State. The information used in the paper was taken from literary works of literature. The results demonstrate the critical necessity for good ties between the military and people in order to establish mutually beneficial partnerships that could result in peace during this period of insurgency in Borno State, Nigeria.  The primary focus of modern civil-military relations is how civilian leadership manages the armed forces in democracies. Therefore, the elements that influenced the connection between Nigeria's military institution and civilian leadership (2012–2021) were evaluated in this study. The study made the assumption that, since the establishment of the elected civilian government in May 1999, Nigeria's civil-military relations have been significantly shaped by the nature of the interactions between the military and civilian leaderships, the function of civil society, and the external environment. Among the factors found are the knowledge of civilian leadership, the military's readiness to follow orders from civilian leadership, the legal and policy frameworks that governed these leaderships, the functions of international actors, particularly advanced democracies, and civil society. The following results were obtained by using the qualitative content analysis method for data collection and evaluation: The Nigerian military was easier to control thanks to the civilian leadership's understanding of military issues; civil society's role as an advocate for liberal, democratic civil-military relations was very limited; the military's willingness to submit to established authority determined civilian control ability and the role of the international community in terms of its expectations and assistance in the region reform of the security sector fueled the potential for civilian command of the armed forces. 

Character and moral education are essential pillars in shaping the personality of Christian students, especially in the context of the disruptive era, which is increasingly marked by rapid technological advancement, moral degradation, and shifting social values. The rise of digitalization and modernization presents new challenges to students' moral integrity, empathy, and spiritual grounding. This article aims to explore and analyze the strategic role of Christian Education in addressing these challenges by integrating character and moral education rooted in Christian values. Using a qualitative literature review method, this study draws from a wide range of primary and secondary sources that include theories of character education, moral development, and biblical-Christian perspectives. The findings indicate that a holistic approach to Christian Education—one that incorporates moral instruction, spiritual formation, and practical application through discipleship, prayer, and the example of Christian educators—can significantly contribute to students’ character development. Furthermore, this integration cultivates not only moral awareness and social responsibility but also fosters resilience and faith-based identity formation. The article also proposes a contextual model for character and moral education that aligns with the demands of the disruptive era, emphasizing the importance of spiritual values alongside intellectual growth. This model serves as a framework for educators to nurture morally and spiritually grounded individuals capable of navigating complex social realities with integrity and compassion. In conclusion, Christian Education, when grounded in strong theological and pedagogical foundations, has the transformative potential to shape a generation of students who are not only academically competent but also morally upright and spiritually mature

The 2024 Indonesian General Election is not only a reflection of democratic dynamics but also highlights the increasing political polarization among party supporters. This study aims to analyze how online media coverage shapes and reinforces political polarization, particularly in the forms of affective and identity polarization. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a Miles and Huberman approach, utilizing data collected from online news articles during the 2024 election period. The findings reveal that affective polarization manifests through the spread of hate narratives and emotions that deepen social divisions, while identity polarization intensifies through the use of religious, ethnic, and ideological factors to build group loyalty. These two forms of polarization contribute to growing societal fragmentation and impact the quality of democracy in Indonesia. Therefore, efforts to enhance digital and political literacy are crucial to mitigating the negative effects of media-driven political polarization.

Islamic religious education not only functions to shape the faith and morals of students, but also has a strategic role in encouraging independence and economic empowerment of the community. This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic religious education in Padangsidimpuan District. Hutaimbaru , Contribution of economic empowerment to the Hutaimbaru community , as well as supporting and inhibiting factors of economic empowerment for the Hutaimbaru community . This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research subjects include religious leaders, educators or instructors of Islamic Religious Education, community leaders, and micro-entrepreneurs who were selected purposively based on their involvement in religious and economic activities. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation as supporting data. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, with data validity maintained through triangulation techniques. The results of the study indicate that Islamic religious education plays a role in instilling the values of hard work, honesty, responsibility, and entrepreneurial spirit which are the foundation for strengthening the people's economy. Optimization is carried out through religious studies, religious guidance, social preaching, and strengthening Islamic economic values in everyday life. Obstacles faced include limited capital, low business skills, and less than optimal sustainable mentoring. Therefore, synergy is needed between educational institutions, religious leaders, and the government to strengthen the economic empowerment of the people based on Islamic values.

In this increasingly advanced digital era, social media has become an integral part of the lives of young people, including university students. Social media is not only used for communication and entertainment but is also being utilized as a learning tool, including in a religious context. This study aims to explore the impact of social media use on the understanding of Buddhist teachings among students at the Raden Wijaya State Buddhist College (STABN). The approach used was quantitative, employing a survey method involving students who actively use social media. The main theories employed are Uses and Gratifications, which emphasizes that media users actively choose media to fulfill specific needs, and the theory of social media construction, which views reality as being shaped through digital interactions. This study found that the intensity and habit of social media use are related to the level of understanding of Buddhist teachings. Students who more frequently use social media to seek religious information tend to demonstrate a better understanding of Dhamma values. However, the type of religious content consumed does not always have a direct impact on deeper understanding. These results indicate that social media has the potential to be a positive tool for religious education if used wisely.  

This research aims to determine the implementation of the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model and the influence of the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model on the concept understanding ability of class II MI Miftahul Huda students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental type. The design in this research is a nonequivalent control group design. This research design involved two classes, the experimental class, namely class II A using the missouri mathematics project learning model and control class II C using the conventional learning model. Data collection techniques use the results of concept understanding tests. Based on the results of research on the Independent Sample T-test which shows that the significance (2-tailed) is 0.000 < 0.05, which means less than 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is an influence of the missouri mathematics project learning model on understanding ability. MI Miftahul Huda class II flat shape concept.    

This research aims to determine the implementation of the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model and the influence of the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model on the concept understanding ability of class II MI Miftahul Huda students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental type. The design in this research is a nonequivalent control group design. This research design involved two classes, the experimental class, namely class II A using the missouri mathematics project learning model and control class II C using the conventional learning model. Data collection techniques use the results of concept understanding tests. Based on the results of research on the Independent Sample T-test which shows that the significance (2-tailed) is 0.000 < 0.05, which means less than 0.05, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means there is an influence of the missouri mathematics project learning model on understanding ability. MI Miftahul Huda class II flat shape concept.    

This study aims to examine the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in developing Christian values ​​learning materials for students at SD Negeri 076067 Orahili, North Nias. Christian values ​​are an integral part of character education taught in schools, which function to shape students' moral and ethical attitudes in everyday life. This study uses a qualitative literature approach to collect data on how PAK teachers develop learning materials that focus on Christian values. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers have an important role in compiling learning materials that not only cover aspects of integrating Christian values ​​that are applied in learning activities and everyday life. The development of teaching materials has the opportunity from the resources and time available to explore Christian values ​​comprehensively. The conclusion in this paper shows that teachers in pedagogical competence can utilize human resources to develop more creative teaching materials based on Christian values, and are supported by adequate educational facilities.

The application of Islamic values ​​in learning aqidah and akhlak at MTs Darunnajah aims to shape students' characters in accordance with Islamic teachings. This activity is carried out to improve the understanding and practice of Islamic values ​​in students' daily lives. The method used is a participatory approach, involving teachers and students in designing and implementing learning programs. The activity begins with a survey and observation to determine the conditions and needs of teaching in schools. Furthermore, training materials are prepared and delivered to students to introduce Islamic values ​​that can be applied in their lives. The results of this service show that most students begin to understand the importance of implementing Islamic values. Madrasahs need to continue this program in order to form better student characters and lead to the practice of Islamic teachings in everyday life.

This study examines the intersection of sentiment discourse in news texts and user comments on Facebook Detikcom, focusing on government policies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research explores institutional discourse in news articles that align with government narratives, while user comments reflect a spectrum of responses, from support to opposition. Using qualitative content analysis, this study applies critical discourse analysis (CDA) and sentiment analysis to examine linguistic strategies, ideological framing, and sentiment polarity. The data were taken from news texts and the comment section on Facebook Detikcom, collected through documentation and following several stages of observation, careful reading, selection, and classification. The findings show that social media transforms news consumption into a participatory discourse. This indicates that traditional narratives are challenged and reinterpreted by users. Sentiment clustering and engagement metrics further shape the visibility and influence of competing ideologies. This study contributes to digital discourse research by demonstrating that sentiment functions as an ideological tool in crisis communication. The analysis also highlights the evolving role of social media in public discourse and emphasizes the need for critical engagement with online news narratives and user-generated content.

This study investigates the interplay between linguistic relativity and cultural schemata, examining how language encodes culturally salient concepts and shapes cognitive frameworks across diverse communities. Through ethnographic and psycholinguistic approaches, the study collects data from 12 different language communities with varied cultural backgrounds. Cross-linguistic and cross-cultural analyses reveal significant correlations between linguistic structures—such as grammatical categories, lexical distinctions, and metaphorical expressions—and culturally specific schemata in spatial, temporal, and social domains. Perception and cognitive reasoning experiments were conducted with 450 participants to test linguistic relativity hypotheses in cultural contexts. Quantitative and qualitative findings demonstrate that linguistic patterns both reflect and reinforce cultural norms, influencing perception and cognitive strategies. Analysis of cultural text corpora shows how linguistic categories serve as vehicles for internalizing cultural values and worldviews. Specifically, the study finds systematic variations in spatial information processing, time conceptualization, and social event interpretation that correlate with language features of respective communities. These results underscore the co-constitutive relationship between language and culture in shaping human thought, providing important implications for cross-cultural education, intercultural communication, and cognitive theory.

Mustofa Bakery is one of the businesses in Sukoharjo that operates in the food sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze product quality control using the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) method to reduce the number of damaged products and analyze the factors that cause product damage at Mustofa Bakery. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data. The data source used in this study is secondary data. Data collection methods by interview and observation. The data analysis technique used in this study uses the Statistical Quality Control (SQC) method. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that in March, April, and October it still exceeds the standard limit of production damage that has been set by Mustofa Bakery in Sukoharjo by 2%. The application of quality control with SQC can reduce the number of damaged products at Mustofa Bakery in Sukoharjo, proven to be true. The results of the Pareto Diagram of the types of damage that often occur are damage due to burning, 1,719 breads or 35.25%, damage due to inappropriate shape, namely 1,607 breads or 32.96%, and damage due to inappropriate texture as much as 1,550 breads or 31.79%. The results of the cause-and-effect diagram (fishbone) of the factors of product damage that occurred at Mustofa Bakery in Sukoharjo occurred due to machines, humans, methods, and raw materials.

Bouquets have evolved from mere flower arrangements into a work of art that combines elements of aesthetics, creativity, and innovation. This study aims to examine bouquets as an art form by highlighting aesthetic elements, arrangement techniques, and their role in the creative industry. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach from various relevant journal references and articles. The results of the study indicate that bouquets not only have aesthetic value but also reflect artistic expression through the selection of colors, shape compositions, and various arrangement techniques. Innovations in making bouquets, such as the use of flannel, snacks, and recycled materials, are expanding the scope of bouquet art in the creative industry. In addition, bouquet art also contributes to the development of the community's economy through increasing business opportunities. Although bouquet art faces challenges such as market competition and fluctuations in raw material prices, its prospects remain promising with the development of technology and product personalization trends. Therefore, continuous innovation is needed so that bouquet art remains relevant and can continue to develop as part of the wider creative industry.

In the era of Digital Society 5.0, the development of information and communication technology has had a significant impact on daily life, including in the field of education. Christian education has become an important component in the character formation of adolescents, particularly within the youth fellowship of the Evangelical Protestant Church in the Archipelago (GPIN) Bukit Asam. Parents play a central role in teaching religious values to their children, which will shape their character and morality amid the challenges of the digital era. This research will discuss how parents teach and implement Christian education for the character formation of adolescents at GPIN Bukit Asam, as well as the challenges and strategies faced in the digital context. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the role of parents in applying Christian education for the character formation of GPIN Bukit Asam adolescents in the 5.0 era.

Communication Styles Between Parents and Children in an Effort to Create a Positive Attitude in Learning". This study examines how communication styles between parents and children shape positive learning attitudes in Kumersot Village, North Sulawesi. Using qualitative methods with a case study approach, the research identifies that assertive and democratic communication enhances children's confidence, learning interest, and independence. In contrast, aggressive and non-assertive communication causes emotional tension and reduces motivation. The study also highlights technology and social media as challenges to effective communication. It recommends adopting open and supportive communication to foster a positive learning environment.

Finding out about the attempts to conserve Gong Sibunguik in Kebun Durian Village, Gunung Sahilan District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, is the aim of the author's research.  The three components of preservation are (1) protection, (2) development, and (3) exploitation, according to Sedyawati (2008: 152).  Descriptive analysis using a qualitative approach is the strategy employed in this study.  In this study, observational data collecting, interviews, and documentation were employed as data gathering methods. The study's findings indicate that measures to prevent the loss or destruction of cultural objects are part of its protection efforts.  This can take the shape of records that serve as inspiration and a source of reference while digesting the performing arts.  Increasing the number of musical instruments and Gong Sibunguik musician groups is one way to quantify this development endeavor.  Efforts to improve the quality of Gong Sibunguik art are made by producing new music while preserving the traditional aspects of the art form. The purpose of this invention is to support traditional arts.  Efforts to use it, namely Gong Sibunguik, are still made today, which is the same as modern arts, since Gong Sibunguik is an art form that is required for this event; without it, the event cannot take place as it does not adhere to local cultural standards.  Furthermore, in Kebun Durian Village, Gong Sibunguik is typically present for circumcision ceremonies, marriages, greeting niniak mamak, and ba inai-inai.  Gong sibunguik is typically done before the party's preparation (pre-party) at wedding celebrations.