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Spentwash, a liquid waste byproduct of bioethanol production, is a potential raw material for biogas production due to its high organic content and abundant availability. PT Energi Agro Nusantara (ENERO) utilizes spentwash through anaerobic digestion processes to produce biogas, which is used as an alternative energy source.However, optimizing biogas production still faces various challenges, including the need for efficient monitoring and increased production volume. Internet of Things (IoT)-based technology offers a solution through real-time monitoring systems, enabling direct and accurate methane level measurements.This study aims to develop a prototype of a stirred digester equipped with an IoT-based methane gas detection sensor, using the MQ-2 sensor to detect methane gas.

System dynamic models have been recognized as an effective approach in projecting and designing sustainable urban waste management systems. This study aims to explore the potential of system dynamic modeling in urban waste management. This study uses a literature study method with a qualitative descriptive approach that refers to various relevant previous studies. The results of the literature study show that the system dynamic model is able to map the complex relationships between variables in the waste management system, such as population growth, waste production, waste processing capacity, environmental impacts, and others. In addition, the system dynamic model can project future waste management conditions and prepare the most effective policy scenarios. Through simulations of various policy scenarios, the system dynamic model can provide insight into the impact of each scenario, both in terms of technical efficiency, operational costs, and reduction of waste generation in landfills. In implementing policy scenarios, collaboration between the government, community, and stakeholders is also needed in optimizing waste management programs.

This study aims to examine the role of housewives in waste reduction through the implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principles, serving as a means to influence waste management behaviors and foster the adoption of a community-driven circular economy. This approach is designed to involve the broader business environment and city government. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on the collection of data and information without reliance on quantitative calculations.The findings highlight that the participation of housewives plays a significant role in engaging individuals and groups in waste management activities. The study underscores the importance of community involvement in providing suggestions, expressing opinions, and actively participating in waste management initiatives. The research emphasizes that housewives play a critical role in waste collection, aligning with the principles of 3R. This role contributes to fostering clean and healthy living behaviors within communities, reinforcing the essential contribution of housewives in achieving sustainable waste management practices.

Organic waste management has become an urgent global issue, as the increasing volume of waste poses serious challenges to the environment. One innovative solution that is gaining increasing attention is Maggot cultivation, through a bioconversion process. Maggot bioconversion not only addresses the problem of organic waste but also offers new economic opportunities through the production of high-value resources. In addition, maggot cultivation can also contribute to addressing the high price of protein sources and the increasing demand for animal feed. As highlighted by a study, maggot bioconversion technology can address three main problems: the generation of organic waste, the high price of protein sources, and the increasing demand for animal feed. (Handayani et al., 2021). Maggot (Hermetia Illucens) is a black soldier fly larva that has a chewy texture, high protein and has the ability to secrete natural enzymes that help improve the digestive system of livestock.

Development of products based on ingredients rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds needs to be developed. High sources of antioxidants can be found from various fruits and their waste. Dragon fruit peels is known to contain various antioxidant compounds that are useful for body health. Instant dragon fruit peels drink is an instant food product processed from dragon fruit waste. The instant drink processing technique in this study uses conventional methods.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heating time on the chemical quality of instant drink powder in terms of water content and ash content and organoleptic tests were also carried out to determine the effect of the process on the sensory characteristics of color, taste, and aroma. Based on the results obtained, the water content of instant dragon fruit peels powder ranged from 1.97-1.98%, KND 3 samples with a heating treatment of 30 minutes had the highest water content (1.98%). The ash content value of the product ranged from 0.17-0.83% where the KDN3 treatment (heating time 30 minutes) showed the highest ash content (0.83%). The results of the analysis of this study showed a solubility of 97.6-99.15%. The results of the organoleptic test (hedonic test) on the color attribute showed a significant difference (P>0.05) between the 10 and 20 minute heating treatments with the product from the heating results with a heating time of 30 minutes where the panelists liked the color and aroma of the product from the 10 and 20 minute heating time treatments.

Arumanis mango rind is an organic waste that contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids. Many flavonoids are found in the rind of the arumanis mango, which acts as a very strong antioxidant and has the potential to heal wounds, including infected wounds. This study aims to determine the effect of arumanis mango (Mangifera indica L.) rind extract ointment on healing infected wounds caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, determine the effective concentration for healing infected wounds, and the histopathological decripstions. This research was an experimental study using male white rats which were divided into 5 groups, namely group I (control), group II (Gentamicin), group III (5% concentration), group IV (10% concentration) and group V (15% concentration). The parameters observed were the percentage of healing of infected wounds, epithelialization time, and histopathology. Then the data were analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by Duncan's further test.The results of the study were based on the group order above, from the parameters the average percentage of infected wound healing on 3rd day  was 29.73%; 48.84%; 45.95%; 42.81%; 42.33%, on 7th day it was 70.96%; 85.79%; 83.25%; 76.95%; 73.87%, and on the 14th day it was 89.89%; 93.32%; 93.87%; 92.67%; 91.48%. Epithecization time is 9; 6; 7; 8; 9 (day), for histopathology of fibroblast cells with a score of 1; 3; 3; 2; 2; for collagen fibers 1; 3; 3; 3; 3; for re-epithelialization 2; 3; 2; 2; 2; for inflammatory cells 0; 3; 2; 2; 2. The conclusion of the research is that arumanis mango peel extract ointment (Mangifera indica L.) has an influence on the healing process of wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in male white mice, the most effective concentration and the best histopathological descriptions at a concentration of 5%.  

POME is liquid wastewater derived from processing of palm fruit. POME contains nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, magnesium and calcium compounds, that can be used as a good fertilizer for plantations. However, before application, POME must be processed because direct use of unprocessed POME can damage the environment. PT XYZ utilizes POME as raw material for biogas through an anaerobic fermentation process to produce alternative energy for electricity generation, however, biogas production at PT XYZ  produces CH4 levels that do not meet the desired standard, namely 60%, while the value obtained is still 57%, so it can occure an incomplete combustion process in the engine. Therefore, research was carried out to analyze the influence of POME's Chemical Oygen Demand (COD) and the pH of POME as biogas raw material on the CH4 produced. Meanwhile, based on measurements of POME pH, fluctuations are caused by environmental conditions, therefore before the feed enters the biodigester, the first treatment is increasing pH until 6-7 to adjust the optimal conditions for bacteria working to break down organic substances.  The results shows that the estimated potential for a Biogas Power Plant (PLTBg) with a production capacity of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of 60 tons/hour, the high generating capacity is influenced by the large COD value, meaning that the COD value greatly influences the CH4 produced, but must also be in accordance with Other factors that influence CH4 production such as pH, temperature, stirring and others.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a hybrid citizen–AI legal monitoring system in enhancing urban environmental governance. The hybrid system integrates citizen-driven reporting platforms with AI-powered legal monitoring tools to address the challenges of weak public oversight in urban environmental management. By implementing the system in three metropolitan areas, the study explores how real-time data collection through citizen reports, combined with AI-driven analysis, can improve the accuracy, speed, and responsiveness of identifying environmental violations. The results showed a 45% improvement in oversight effectiveness, demonstrating the potential of hybrid systems to enhance monitoring capabilities beyond traditional methods. The AI system, capable of analyzing large datasets and providing timely insights, enabled quicker identification and categorization of violations such as pollution and waste management issues. The integration of citizen involvement through digital platforms allowed for more inclusive data collection, enhancing the quality and volume of information available for decision-making. This synergy between human participation and AI-driven analysis improved the speed of response to urban environmental challenges, making the system more adaptive and efficient. However, challenges such as data reliability and variable citizen participation rates were identified, suggesting the need for strategies to encourage consistent engagement and ensure the accuracy of reported data. The study concludes that hybrid citizen–AI systems can significantly improve urban governance by enhancing transparency, accountability, and responsiveness, offering a promising solution for cities seeking to address environmental issues more effectively.

The largest source of energy currently utilized is still predominantly from fossils. Fossil energy sources are non-renewable so over time they will run out. So it is necessary to utilize renewable energy sources. One renewable energy source that is environmentally friendly and easy to obtain is wind energy. Wind is a collection of air that is experiencing movement due to a difference in pressure on the earth's surface. Wind will move from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. Experimental research on wind energy is a useful energy that can be put to good use. Wind energy is a form of energy that comes from utilizing air flow in the atmosphere to produce mechanical or electrical energy. The main technology used to utilize wind energy is a wind turbine, which converts wind kinetic energy into electrical energy through a generator. Which of course also requires sufficient wind speed so that the wind turbine can rotate and produce mechanical movement in the form of rotational torque which can then be converted into electrical energy. Wind energy has great potential as a clean, sustainable and environmentally friendly resource, as it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions or hazardous waste during its operation. However, wind energy development faces challenges such as fluctuations in wind speed, large land requirements, visual impacts, and potential disruption to local ecosystems. With technological innovation and careful planning, wind energy can be a significant solution to meet global energy needs in a sustainable manner.

Textile industries in Bangladesh are shifting towards a sustainable future, and as a result, many firms are implementing Green Supply chain Management (GSCM). This study aims to evaluate if practicing GSCM in different areas of industry positively impacts environmental, economic, and social performance. Regarding this issue, this paper observes the scopes, drivers, and barriers of practicing GSCM and reviews it. Therefore, the research investigates, through empirical analysis based on responses from 104 textile firms, the influence of GSCM practices on environmental, economic, and social performance. Results confirm that GSCM improves environmental sustainability by reducing emissions, waste, and resource use. It enhances economic performance through cost savings and efficiency gains and also offers several social advantages, improved worker satisfaction, and community engagement. The results bring to light the potential role that GSCM can play in making the textile industry sustainable, along with suggesting policy interventions and further research on longitudinal impacts and advanced technological integration.

The purpose of this activity is to encourage increased household management skills in household waste processing in Kaliprau Village, Ulujami District, Pemalang Regency. The objectives are: 1) Increasing community/household knowledge about management, especially household/home waste processing; 2) Developing home business skills in household waste processing so that it grows into one of the drivers (centers) of family economic movement. The results of this activity: 1) Increasing knowledge, understanding and skills for household industry groups, especially in the utilization of household waste and making compost with household waste as raw materials; 2) Identified problems and potentials that can be developed to support the development of home businesses through entrepreneurship groups; 3) Identified plans (strategies) for increasing the capacity of entrepreneurship groups that will help develop, plan and utilize local potential management.

This community service activity aims to provide education about the use of shopping bags (totebags) from patchwork waste as an alternative to plastic bags to MSME business actors processed fish in Kampung Nelayan Desa Salira. The method used by the author in this activity begins with providing training on plastic bag waste, then also an introduction to the utilization of fabric waste that can be reused to make new products that are useful and ends with the handover of helanja bags to the business actors of processed fish MSMEs in Kampung Nelayan Desa Salira. The processed fish MSME products are in the form of payus fish amplang crackers, fish rolade, fish nuggets, fish meatballs made from fish, and in their sales require reusable shopping bags and have product selling value.

The use of banana stems as a basic ingredient for chips is an innovative effort to reduce organic waste as well as open up new business opportunities for the people of Depok Village, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency. This topic of service was chosen because banana stem waste is generally unused and often becomes a source of environmental pollution. In fact, banana stems have great potential as an alternative food ingredient that can be processed into products of economic value. In this service, the methods used include the socialization stage, technical training, and production assistance to ensure the community's skills in processing banana stems into chips. The socialization stage was carried out to increase residents' awareness of economic opportunities from the use of local waste. At the technical training stage, residents are taught how to choose materials, processing processes, and packaging products so that they are suitable for sale. The results of the activity showed an increase in interest and skills of residents in producing banana stem chip products with various flavor variants. In addition, this product has managed to attract the attention of local consumers and has the potential to be marketed more widely. In conclusion, the use of banana stems into chips not only reduces environmental waste but also strengthens the community's economy through sustainable new business opportunities.

Pineapples are often consumed by humans and produce waste from pineapple skin, but the content of pineapple skin has a water content of 81.72%, crude fiber 17.53%, carbohydrates 4.41%, protein and reducing sugar both have the same content of 13.65%. Usually Mexican people make pineapple skin as a fermented probiotic drink or also called tepache. With the fermentation process in this probiotic drink, of course there is the effectiveness of the Lactobacillus casei microbe which has the ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria that have the potential in making tepache which is utilized from pineapple skin against sugar concentration. Using the Experimental research method is a systematic, careful, and logical study to control a condition. From making pineapple tepache will produce different tastes, colors, textures and aromas. The less sugar concentration, the more sour it tastes and vice versa. the more sugar concentration, the sweeter it tastes. This is because there is a percentage of lactic acid which will lower the low pH value at the sugar concentration in it.

Tempe is an inherent food source for Indonesians, with a large number of tempe consumers in the local community. This community service program aims to improve students' understanding and skills in processing cempedak seeds into tempe, including drying methods that allow long-term storage. This activity was carried out from July to November 2024.  This activity was carried out in several stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the completion stage.  The program on the utilization of cempedak seeds in tempeh production shows promising potential as a food innovation based on local resources. The success rate of this program is not only measured from the production aspect, but also from the transfer of knowledge to students who act as agents of change in alternative food development. Some of the advantages of this activity program are that it provides an alternative utilization of cempedak seed waste into products with nutritional value. In addition, the production cost is relatively affordable compared to the use of soybean. The disadvantage of this program is that the availability of raw materials depends on the cempedak harvest season.

This community service was conducted at MI Darul Hidayah involving 17 fifth grade students as subjects. Making ecoprints is a creative effort to introduce environmentally friendly concepts to students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Darul Hidayah. Ecoprint is a fabric dyeing technique using natural materials such as leaves, flowers and twigs, which produces unique patterns without using dangerous chemicals. This community service aims to provide innovative environment-based learning to students through ecoprint making activities, while increasing their awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. The methods used in this activity include planning, implementation and evaluation stages. Students are taught to choose natural materials, arrange patterns on fabric, and apply ecoprint techniques using a heating or pounding process. As a result, students were able to create simple ecoprint products such as tote bags with creative designs. Apart from that, this activity succeeded in increasing students' understanding of the concept of recycling, the use of organic waste, and the importance of protecting the environment. The conclusion of this community service shows that ecoprint activities not only strengthen students' fine motor skills, but also foster the values of love for the environment, creativity, and cooperation. It is hoped that this activity can become a sustainable educational program at MI Darul Hidayah to support environment-based learning.

This study aims to analyze waste management in Indonesia from 2001 to 2022, and identify challenges and solutions that can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of waste management. Waste is a major problem affecting the environment and public health, with around 34.29% of waste in Indonesia not being managed properly. This research uses a descriptive approach by analyzing data related to policies, infrastructure, and community participation in waste management. The results showed that although there are regulations governing waste management, the main challenges faced are low public awareness and limited waste management infrastructure in many regions. The research also found that collaboration between the government, communities and the private sector is crucial in creating sustainable solutions. In addition, the development of environmentally friendly waste management technologies, such as Waste Power Plants (PLTSa), can be an innovative solution to reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment. This research suggests the need to strengthen regulations, increase public awareness, and develop more efficient and environmentally friendly waste management technologies.

Effective agricultural waste management has a huge potential to increase community productivity and income. Agricultural waste, often considered a problem, can be processed into valuable resources such as organic fertilizer, biogas, and animal feed. By utilizing organic fertilizer from agricultural waste, soil fertility can be enhanced and dependence on chemical fertilizers can be reduced, thus contributing to increased crop yields. Biogas produced from the fermentation process of waste can be used as an alternative energy source, which in turn can reduce operational costs and increase income. Moreover, animal feed derived from agricultural waste can improve the quality and quantity of livestock production, which also contributes to changes in the income of livestock farmers. Additionally, good agricultural waste management can reduce environmental pollution and improve public health. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness and knowledge among the community about sustainable agricultural waste management practices. This needs to be complemented by adequate infrastructure and training so that waste can be processed into resources that benefit everyone.    

A collection of shoes that are not neatly arranged often makes you lazy to tidy up and clean them, whereas the condition of scattered shoes can spoil the view and reduce the durability and functionality of the shoes themselves. On the other hand, plastic waste, especially plastic bottles, is increasing and becoming a serious problem for the environment. In an effort to reduce the impact of pollution and utilize unused items, this study proposes a solution in the form of making a shoe rack from used plastic bottle waste. The use of plastic bottles not only reduces the amount of waste but also provides a practical solution for more organized shoe storage, especially for students who need efficient and environmentally friendly shoe storage space. The method used in this study is (R&D), which aims to develop a shoe rack product and test its effectiveness and feasibility. The test results show that this shoe rack can accommodate 12 pairs of shoes with a maximum strength of 5.5 kg per rack consisting of three levels. The use of 69 plastic bottles for the base and 24 bottles for the walls provides a large enough capacity to store shoes. Based on the test results, this shoe rack not only functions as a place to store shoes, but also as an effort to reduce plastic waste and support environmental sustainability. This product can also be used as an example in learning product design, recycling, and entrepreneurship.

Coir is one of the components of coconut that can be produced and decomposed into derivative products that have economic value. PT Coco Berdikari, established in 2018 in Karya Maju Village, Sungai Saren Sub-district, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, is a pioneer in the coconut fibre processing industry in the region. The company's main focus is processing coconut fibre into cocopeat, cocosheet and cocofiber. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the challenges in coir waste processing are the high export costs that are a barrier to accessing the international market and the lack of support from the local government for the coir waste processing business. This study describes the processing of coir waste into products that have economic value using qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation.