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Extension workers have been instrumental in encouraging farmers to adopt new technologies, aiming to improve productivity, income, social status, and climate resilience. This study investigates challenges in technology adoption and its impact on vegetable production, economic and social enhancement, and climate resilience in Svay Rieng province. Data from 302 agricultural cooperative members were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation to examine relationships and linear regression to predict factors influencing farmers' achievements. Results show that internal challenges (labor, capital, technical know-how) significantly influence success, followed by external challenges. Investments in hard technologies (e.g., net houses, drip irrigation) strongly correlated with achievements, while soft technologies (technical knowledge) had a lesser impact. Regression analysis identified internal challenges and adoption of hard technologies as key predictors, explaining 25% of overall performance, including 36%, 29%, and 25% of economic, social, and climate resilience improvements, respectively. For production, only internal challenges and hard technologies were determinants, predicting 30%. Addressing internal challenges and enhancing technology applications are critical to improving vegetable producers' success in the province.

PT Unilever Indonesia’s strategic application is examined through the Balanced Scorecard framework, focusing on four key perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth. The analysis reveals that while the company demonstrates strong financial performance, such as high ROI and ROE, challenges like declining annual profits and increasing liabilities signal the need for improved cost management and risk mitigation. Unilever's strategy emphasizes innovation and customer relationships, leveraging Total Quality Management (TQM) and continuous product enhancements. However, internal issues such as employee work culture, inadequate facilities, and employee satisfaction remain significant obstacles to organizational performance. The findings suggest a need for stronger employee engagement and workplace improvements, alongside enhanced financial sustainability strategies. Future research could explore how external factors, such as shifting market trends and government regulations, influence Unilever’s strategic decisions and overall success.

This study aims to analyze the influence of inflation, interest rates, capital structure, and profitability on stock prices in manufacturing companies. The background of this research highlights the volatility of the Indonesian economy, which is driven by macroeconomic factors that significantly affect capital market performance. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study synthesized 10 relevant articles published between 2023 and 2025, collected through Google Scholar using specified keywords. The findings reveal varied results: inflation and interest rates generally have a negative influence on stock prices, although some studies report insignificant effects. Similarly, capital structure shows both positive and negative impacts, depending on company conditions and research contexts. Profitability also presents mixed outcomes; some studies found significant relationships, while others reported no influence on stock prices. This literature-based synthesis highlights inconsistencies in previous empirical findings and reinforces the need for further research to clarify the interaction between these variables and stock market performance. The study contributes to providing a comprehensive understanding for investors, financial analysts, and policymakers in making better investment and strategic financial decisions under uncertain economic conditions.

This study examines the Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) as an indicator of market reaction to earnings announcements, focusing on several determining factors: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), financial distress, corporate growth, firm size, and earnings persistence. The primary issue addressed is the inconsistency of previous empirical findings regarding the influence of these factors on ERC, which motivates this study to reassess these relationships through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The SLR method was employed to systematically collect, analyze, and synthesize evidence from prior studies to obtain a more comprehensive understanding. The findings reveal that CSR and earnings persistence produce mixed results—some studies show positive, negative, or insignificant effects on ERC—reflecting contextual differences and variations in investor perceptions. Meanwhile, financial distress and firm size generally have a significant positive impact on ERC, suggesting that larger firms and those perceived as financially stable are more likely to receive stronger market reactions. Corporate growth, on the other hand, mostly shows no significant effect. The synthesis highlights that the relationship between these factors and ERC is context-dependent, influenced by company characteristics and the level of information transparency provided to investors. This study concludes by emphasizing the need for a more integrative and contextual approach in analyzing the determinants of ERC and recommends further research to deepen understanding of how market responses to earnings information are shaped by these factors.

Composite materials are produced by combining two or more different materials, to achieve mechanical properties superior to those of the individual components. One example of a natural fiber-based composite is the composite made from the skin fiber of the lantung wood (Artocarpus elasticus). This study aims to analyze the effect of alkali immerse durations (60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes) and fiber weight fractions (5%, 10%, and 15%) on the impact strength of the composite, using lantung wood bark fibers as the control due to their inherent mechanical strength. The experiment was conducted by varying the independent variables, such as alkali immerse duration and fiber weight fraction, and dependent variables including fiber orientation and NaOH concentration (horizontal orientation, 10%). The research method used in this research is design of experimental (DOE) method. Impact testing was performed using a Charpy impact tester, and the resulting data were analyzed quantitatively to evaluate the relationships among the variables. Although the benefits of natural fibers are well-known, there is still a lack of empirical data regarding the effects of alkali immerse duration and fiber weight fraction on the impact strength of the composites. The study purpose is to fill this gap by systematically analyzing the effects of alkali immerse duration and fiber weight fraction on the mechanical performance of lantung wood bark fiber-based composites. The research result show that a 120-minute immerse duration yields an impact value of 0.029 J/mm², while a 10% fiber weight fraction results in an impact value of 0.033 J/mm². The research contributes to the optimization of fabrication parameters, particularly in the automotive sector, such as in the production of lightweight components like rear wheel mudguard for motorcycles.

Loneliness is a subjective emotional experience commonly observed during emerging adulthood (ages 18–25). In this phase, shifts in emotional and affiliative needs may increase vulnerability to loneliness, particularly in the absence of intimate relationships. One intrapersonal factor influencing loneliness is attachment style, emotional bonding patterns formed in early childhood that shape the quality of interpersonal relationships in adulthood. This study aims to examine the relationship between attachment style and loneliness among emerging adults who are not currently in romantic relationships. A quantitative correlational method was employed using purposive sampling, involving 208 unmarried participants aged 18–25 who were not in romantic relationships. The instruments used were the Indonesian version of the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between secure attachment and loneliness (r = -0.748**, p < 0.01), and a significant positive relationship between fearful attachment and loneliness (r = 0.273**, p < 0.01). No significant associations were found for preoccupied or dismissing attachment styles. These findings highlight the important role of attachment style in shaping loneliness experiences among young adults who are not romantically involved.

This study investigates the influence of the Provincial Minimum Wage (MW) and education level on changes in worker status in Lampung Province, using Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) as a control variable. Changes in worker status are defined as individual transitions in the labor market from 2021 to 2022, numerically coded as follows: employed-to-employed (3), employed-to-unemployed (1), unemployed-to-employed (2), and unemployed-to-unemployed (0). The analysis uses microdata from the National Labor Force Survey (NLFS), consisting of 22,999 respondents across all regencies/cities in Lampung Province. This study uses VAR and VECM models to examine short and long term relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that the minimum wage (LOGMWt) does not significantly influence changes in worker status in either the short or long term. Education shows varied effects: lower (EDUC1) and higher (EDUC3) levels have a significant negative impact, while middle education (EDUC2) has a significant positive effect. Meanwhile, LOGGDRP positively and significantly affects worker status changes in both time frames. These results underscore that improvements in EDUC2 and LOGPDRB play a more in facilitating labor market transitions than minimum wage policy alone.

The implementation of Supply Chain Management (SCM) makes many businesses manage information, goods, services and money as good as possible so they can provide fast and high-quality services to customers. Therefore, this study aims to implement SCM in Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs to decrease production costs, increase revenue, improve operational efficiency and establish good relationships with customers. This study discusses the SCM process and the added value in Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs so in the future Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs can have good risk management and increase added value. The data was collected through literature study and interviewing the owner of Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs. This study found that weather, natural disasters, fires and coffee pests are the factors with the highest risk in the SCM process of Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs. The added value of farmers & post-harvest coffee processors of Kopi Bintang Salatiga Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs is already quite high at 99%, while at grade I coffee sales is 71% and grade II is 47% it appears that coffee with grade II has lower added value, so it is needing accuracy of coffee processing at farmers & post-harvest coffee processors so the grade I coffee product is increased.

Conciliation is one form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) that holds great potential for resolving disputes efficiently, participatively, and peacefully outside the courtroom. However, in the Indonesian legal practice, the role of conciliation remains limited and is less popular compared to mediation and arbitration. The main obstacles hindering the development of this mechanism include low public and legal practitioners' awareness, the absence of adequate technical regulations, and the lack of professional conciliation institutions. In fact, conciliation aligns well with Indonesia's legal culture that emphasizes deliberation and consensus. The purpose of this article is to examine the effectiveness of the legal framework for conciliation in Indonesia, identify the barriers to its implementation, and formulate strategies to strengthen conciliation within the national legal system. This study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and doctrinal approach, complemented by analysis of applicable legislation and legal literature. The findings reveal that conciliation lacks a strong and operational legal framework. The absence of procedural standards, supervisory mechanisms, and training systems for conciliators hampers its effectiveness. On the other hand, conciliation has great potential to reduce the burden on courts, expedite dispute resolution, and preserve good relationships between parties. The article concludes that a comprehensive legal reform is urgently needed, including specific regulations, the establishment of independent conciliation institutions, and public education, so that conciliation can play a strategic role in the national dispute resolution system.

Toxic professional relationships—characterized by subtle exclusion, politicized decision-making, and emotional suppression—are a prevalent yet underexamined concern in academic institutions. This research emphasizes the psychological, pedagogical, and emotional repercussions for educators in situations characterized by workplace conflict, in contrast to prior studies that primarily examine structural factors. The study seeks to examine how educators perceive, interpret, and react to toxic dynamics, especially via reflective processes. We gathered data from three years of anonymized reflective journaling employing a qualitative, narrative-reflective methodology and conducted a theme analysis. Research highlights three main themes: the emotional effort needed to maintain professionalism despite feeling excluded, changes in teaching methods as a way to resist and find meaning, and how reflective practice helps teachers stay true to their teaching values. The analysis further demonstrates how gender and early-career status exacerbate susceptibility to toxic dynamics. The study prioritizes ethical contemplation as a transforming practice and a means of action instead of providing prescriptive solutions. Institutions should implement emotional intelligence training, equitable task allocation, and peer support mechanisms to cultivate more equal academic settings. This research advocates for a work culture founded on explicit performance expectations, mutual respect, compassion, and integrity in education, facilitating a deeper comprehension of teachers' authentic experiences in challenging school environments.

This paper discusses the role of Arabic in improving speaking skills, especially in the context of daily life. Arabic, which is recognized as the language of revelation in the Qur'an and Hadith, has learning objectives that include understanding Islamic teachings, mastering vocabulary, and effective communication skills. Arabic learning does not only focus on linguistic aspects, but also includes understanding the cultural and social norms that exist in Arab society. The scope of the role of everyday Arabic includes mastering basic vocabulary, improving practical communication skills, understanding simple grammatical structures, and adapting to dialects and cultural contexts. The benefits of learning Arabic are significant, including an understanding of religious teachings, increased educational and career opportunities, and the ability to establish cross-cultural social relationships. Effective learning methods, such as direct, grammatical-translational, and eclectic methods, are proposed to overcome the challenges faced in learning Arabic, such as the complexity of grammatical structures and the lack of exposure in Arabic-speaking environments. With the right strategy, Arabic language learning is expected to form individuals who are not only academically intelligent, but also have high integrity and religious awareness.

The balance between the rights and obligations of husband and wife is a fundamental pillar in building a harmonious household according to Islamic teachings. However, there is still a significant lack of understanding among the community, especially among women, regarding the roles and responsibilities of each partner in married life. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of outreach activities regarding the rights and obligations of husband and wife from the perspective of Islamic Law, delivered to members of the PWBI (Persatuan Wanita Batak Indonesia)  Kwala Bekala. The method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation during the outreach activity. The results of the study show that the outreach was effective in enhancing participants’ understanding of the fundamental principles of marital relationships in Islamic law, such as the concept of male leadership, consultation (shura), justice, and the importance of communication and mutual respect. The activity also had a positive impact on participants’ legal and religious awareness in managing their household lives. Such activities need to be expanded further to strengthen Muslim family resilience based on Islamic values.

Long-distance marriages are increasingly common due to economic and work demands. This presents challenges in maintaining the commitment of married couples. This study aims to describe the nature of marriage commitment in long-distance relationships, examining it from personal, moral, and structural perspectives. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants were married couples in long-distance marriages. The results show that couples in long-distance marriages still have a strong commitment. The personal commitment aspect is reflected in the intensity of communication, maintained love and attraction, and is identified as a couple that is internalized in each other. The moral aspect shows from ethical awareness and cultural and religious values that strengthen responsibility towards partners. Meanwhile, structural commitment is identified through the presence of children, financial responsibility, and external obstacles that support maintaining the relationship. The psychological dynamics of couples are characterized by the ability to regulate emotions, cognitive adjustment to distance, and strong intrinsic motivation. These findings suggest that marital commitment can be maintained in long-distance marriages if supported by shared awareness, quality communication, and strong shared values.

This study aims to analyze the importance of building trust and mutual understanding among organizational members to enhance team performance and work effectiveness at Greet Bear Bowl Restaurant. Trust is developed through open communication, organizational justice, and recognition of individual contributions. Meanwhile, mutual understanding is supported by active participation, aligned goals, and a positive organizational culture. The study adopts a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with four permanent employees. The results indicate that trust and understanding play a crucial role in strengthening work relationships, improving coordination, and supporting the effective and sustainable achievement of organizational goals.

In the modern era, approaches to understanding hadith have undergone significant transformations, necessitating more systematic and contextualized methodologies. Thematic hadith studies (mawḍū‘ī) have emerged as a methodological solution capable of integrating the Prophet’s teachings with contemporary realities in a more comprehensive manner. This research aims to examine the concept, history, and development of the thematic methodology in hadith studies. The primary focus is to explore the epistemology of this approach and its implications within modern Islamic academic discourse. This study employs a qualitative method using a library research approach. Data were collected through the analysis of primary and secondary literature, then analyzed using descriptive-analytical and historical-critical methods. The findings indicate that while the thematic method has existed since the classical era, its conceptual maturity has advanced significantly in the contemporary period. This approach has proven effective in addressing the issue of ikhtilāf al-ḥadīth, clarifying inter-narration relationships, and expanding the scope of hadith understanding according to the needs of the time. However, its main challenges include potential subjectivity in interpretation and the need for stricter methodologies in validating both sanad and matn. Therefore, thematic hadith studies serve as a bridge between classical understanding and modern academic demands. Its implications extend beyond the development of hadith science to the continued relevance of Islamic teachings in addressing contemporary intellectual and social challenges.

This study aims to examine the effect of attitude and brand innovation on brand equity among Bank Mandiri Customers in West Jakarta. In the face of increasing competition in the banking industry, effective brand management is crucial for maintaining market position and enhancing customer loyalty. This research uses a quantitative approach by analyzing data from 100 respondents who are involved in transactions at Bank Mandiri. The data is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships between variables. The findings show that both brand attitude and brand innovation have a significant positive effect on brand equity. Specifically, a positive brand innovation enhances perceptions of quality and the brand’s competitiveness in the market. This study provides practical implications for Bank Mandiri’s management in formulating more effective marketing strategies by considering these two factors. The research also emphasizes the importance of innovation that aligns with customer expectations in strengthening brand equity in the competitive banking market.

This study analyzes the flexural behavior of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams through numerical simulation based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) using ANSYS software, comparing it with conventional reinforced concrete beams. The background of this research focuses on the need for environmentally friendly construction materials, considering the high CO₂ emissions from Portland cement production. The numerical model was developed based on parameters and loading schemes from previous experimental studies, utilizing SOLID65 elements for concrete, LINK180 for steel reinforcement, and SOLID185 for supports. Simulation results show that the flexural behaviour of geopolymer beams is comparable to conventional beams in terms of load-deflection relationships, flexural capacity, and crack patterns, with deviations from experimental data generally below 10%. The patterns and propagation of cracks also exhibited similarities, starting from the tensile zone at mid-span. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates consistency with the analytical approach based on SNI 2847:2019. This research supports the validity of using geopolymer concrete as a sustainable structural material alternative and shows that the FEM numerical method is effective in evaluating the flexural performance of concrete structural elements.

A comfortable classroom environment plays a crucial role in supporting effective learning processes at the elementary school level. This comfort includes physical aspects such as lighting, ventilation, cleanliness, and room arrangement, as well as psychological aspects such as peer relationships, teacher approach, and emotional atmosphere in the classroom. When students feel physically and emotionally comfortable, they tend to be more focused, calm, and ready to absorb learning material. A pleasant environment can create a positive learning experience and foster enthusiasm for school activities. This study aims to examine the influence of classroom environmental comfort on elementary school students’ learning motivation. Using a descriptive approach, data were collected through observations and questionnaires that explored students’ perceptions of their classroom conditions. The results show that the more comfortable students feel in their classroom, the greater their motivation to actively engage in learning activities. A supportive classroom atmosphere is proven to enhance learning spirit, participation, and curiosity. Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools pay closer attention to classroom comfort as part of a broader strategy to improve the quality of education at the elementary level.

Relationships between coworkers are one of the important elements in the work environment that affect employee performance. A harmonious work environment and good social relations can create psychological comfort, increase motivation, and encourage effective teamwork. This study aims to determine the effect of the environment of coworkers on employee performance at PT. Pilar Blessing Indonesia located in Karawang. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that relationships between coworkers based on mutual trust, openness, and smooth communication can improve individual and team performance. Conversely, less harmonious work relationships can reduce work enthusiasm and hinder productivity. These findings indicate the importance of managing interpersonal relationships in the workplace as part of a strategy to improve overall organizational performance.

Mental health issues are gaining increasing attention across various sectors of society. One approach used to understand and address these problems is psychodynamic theory, which emphasizes unconscious conflicts and past experiences. This study aims to explore how the application of psychodynamic theory can aid in the healing process of mental health disorders, particularly among individuals with childhood trauma and anxiety disorders. A qualitative method was employed, using a case study approach involving three participants who underwent psychodynamic therapy for six months. The results indicate that through this therapy, participants were able to identify the deep-rooted sources of emotional conflict and demonstrated significant improvement in emotional regulation and interpersonal relationships. These findings highlight the importance of understanding unconscious dynamics in psychological interventions. This research recommends the integration of psychodynamic theory into modern psychotherapy practices as an alternative approach to addressing mental health issues.